高一英语必修一、必修二【北师大版】语法汇总.pdf

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1、高一英语必修一、二【北师大版】语法汇总高一英语必修一、二【北师大版】语法汇总定语从句定语从句1.1.定语从句的结构及理解定语从句的结构及理解2.2.定语从句的关系词的使用定语从句的关系词的使用3.3.定语从句的简化表达定语从句的简化表达知识总结归纳知识总结归纳（一）（一）定语从句的结构：定语从句的结构：在复合句中，在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做（做这个名词或代词的定语）这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从

2、句的先行词，它与定它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：（关系代词或关系副词：that,which,who,whose,when,where,that,which,who,whose,when,where,whywhy）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。语。结构：先行词结构：先行词+关系词关系词+定语从句。定语从句。1.There she saw a wall of water that was quickly

3、 advancing1.There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancingtowards her.towards her.2.2.InIn Japan,Japan,someonesomeone whowho seessees anotheranother personperson makingmaking thethe gesturegesturewill think it means money.will think it means money.3.3.A A themetheme parkpark isis a a colle

4、ctioncollection ofof rides,rides,exhibitions orexhibitions orotherotherattractions that are based on a common theme.attractions that are based on a common theme.4.4.TheThe parkpark hashas a a conservationconservation centercenter thatthat helpshelps protectprotect marinemarineanimals and their habit

5、ats in the rivers and coastal watersanimals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal watersof Asia.of Asia.5.Visitors can go5.Visitors can goonon excitingexciting rides whererides where they can feel whatthey can feel whatitit is likeis like toto do the thingsdo the thingsthey havethey have seen

6、 their heroes do inseen their heroes do inthe movie.the movie.6.Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an6.Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is aninspiring story.inspiring story.（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，从句对先行词进

7、行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，缺少它，则则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，对先行词进行补充说明，解释，解释，它与先行词之间它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。有逗号隔开。1.Before she could move,she heard a loud noise,which grew1.Before she could move,she heard a loud noise,which grewto a terrible roar.to a terrible roar.2.2.TreeTree after

8、after treetree wentwent down,down,cutcut downdown byby thethe water,water,whichwhich mustmusthave been three meters deep.have been three meters deep.3.3.Flora,Flora,whosewhose beautifulbeautiful hairhair andand dressdress werewere allall coldcold andand wet,wet,started crying.started crying.4.Their

9、talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as4.Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well astongue twisters,which often make the audience applaud.tongue twisters,which often make the audience applaud.（三）（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系这些关系词在介词后面常用词在介词后面常用whichwhich

10、 或或 whom.whom.1.1.There wasThere was a man with whoma man with whomI I wouldwould havehave toto work togetherwork togetherandandfinally the manager of the company.finally the manager of the company.2.2.ManyMany people whopeople whosaw the film weresaw the film wereafraidafraid toto swim in theswim i

11、n theseaseawhenwhen they rememberedthey remembered the scenes in whichthe scenes in whichpeoplepeople werewere eaten byeaten bythe shark.the shark.知识重点与难点知识重点与难点（一）当先行词有最高级，（一）当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all,all,no,no,onlyonly 等形式时，关系代词一般用等形式时，关系代词一般用thatthat，而不能用，而不能用whichwhich。1.The Titan

12、ic was the largest ship that had ever been built1.The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been builtat that time.at that time.2.There is one thing that keeps worrying me.2.There is one thing that keeps worrying me.（二）（二）当先行词是表示时间，当先行词是表示时间，地点，地点，原因的词时，原因的词时，关系词用关系词用 when,when,where,where,whyw

13、hy 还有还有 which,thatwhich,that1.1.Im very glad to return to my hometown where I had livedIm very glad to return to my hometown where I had livedfor 10 years.for 10 years.2.This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.2.This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.3.3.I think II think

14、 Icancan understandunderstand thethe reason whyreason whyhe didnt tellhe didnt tellthethetruth to me.truth to me.4.4.NoNo oneone believesbelieves thethe reasonreason thatthat hehe gavegave usus aboutabout hishis absenceabsenceat the meeting.at the meeting.PPTPPT 中关于定语从句有详细解释中关于定语从句有详细解释（三）定语从句的简化表达：

15、（三）定语从句的简化表达：1.1.TheThe manman who iswho is sittingsitting on the platform ison the platform isa a professor fromprofessor fromWuhan University.Wuhan University.2.2.TheThe letterletter thatthat waswas mailedmailed lastlast nightnight willwill reachreach himhim tomorrow.tomorrow.3.The question that i

16、s being discussed is very important.3.The question that is being discussed is very important.4.4.YouYou areare welcomewelcome toto a partya partytoto bebe givengiven inin ourour classclass atat 7:45.7:45.说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：1.The man sitting on the platform is

17、 a professor from Wuhan1.The man sitting on the platform is a professor from WuhanUniversity.University.2.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.2.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3.The question being discussed is very important.3.The question being discussed is ver

18、y important.4.4.YouYou areare welcomewelcome toto a a partyparty toto bebe givengiven inin ourour classclass atat 7:45.7:45.说明：说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词还可以用非谓语动词形式：形式：doingdoing 短语，短语，donedone 短语，短语，being donebeing done 短语，短语，to be doneto be done 短语短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：修饰。其结构和意思如下：1.

19、1.被修饰名词被修饰名词+doing+doing 短语：短语：正在做.的人正在做.的人/正在发生的事。正在发生的事。2.2.被修饰名词被修饰名词+done+done 短语：短语：被.的人被.的人/事事3.3.被修饰名词被修饰名词+being done+being done 短语：正在被.的人短语：正在被.的人/事事4.4.被修饰名词被修饰名词+to be done+to be done 短语：将要被.的人短语：将要被.的人/事事（1 1）Do you know the man talking to my sister?Do you know the man talking to my sist

20、er?（2 2）The）The“crazy”“crazy”gesture,gesture,movingmoving thethe indexindex fingerfinger inin a a circlecircleinin frontfront ofof thethe ear,ear,meansmeans“you“you havehave a a phonephone call”call”inin Brazil.Brazil.（3 3）Did you see that car being repaired?Did you see that car being repaired?（4 4）

21、In a camera,the lens must be focused on the object toIn a camera,the lens must be focused on the object tobe photographed.be photographed.（5 5）The students to attend the meeting will arrive hereThe students to attend the meeting will arrive heretomorrow.tomorrow.（6 6）GoodsGoodsimportedimportedfromfr

22、om abroadabroad areare notnot alwaysalways betterbetter thanthan thosethosemade in China.made in China.（7 7）The Yellow River,said to be“the mother river”runs）The Yellow River,said to be“the mother river”runsacross China like a huge dragon.across China like a huge dragon.总结：总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，

23、以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的不定式的各种形式作定语。各种形式作定语。1.1.这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ingV-ing或或 V-edV-ed 形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。2.2.分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ingV-ing 表示主动表示主动意义和正在做，意义和正在做，V-edV-ed 表示被动意义。表示被动意义。being donebeing done 表示正在被做的表示正在被做的3.

24、3.不定式作定语表示将要发生的，不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be doneto be done 表示将要被做的表示将要被做的【典型例题】【典型例题】例例 1 Friendship is needed by all,_ plays an important1 Friendship is needed by all,_ plays an importantrole in peoples lives.role in peoples lives.A.which B.that C.who D.itA.which B.that C.who D.it分析：_ plays an important ro

25、le in peoples lives分析：_ plays an important role in peoples lives为非为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词限定性定语从句修饰先行词FriendshipFriendship 用用 whichwhich 连接定语从句。连接定语从句。答案：答案：A A 例例 22 UncleUncle LiLi _ I I workedworked threethree yearsyears agoago hashas retiredretired now.now.A.who B.whom C.with whom D.to whomA.who B.whom C.

26、with whom D.to whom分析：分析：_ I worked three years ago_ I worked three years ago作为定语从句修饰先行词作为定语从句修饰先行词UncleUncle LiLi，从句完整的表达是：，从句完整的表达是：I I workedworked withwith UncleUncle LiLi threethree yearsyearsago.ago.所以关系词前应加上介词所以关系词前应加上介词withwith。答案：答案：C C 例例 3 Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his3 Is t

27、his the reason _ at the meeting for hiscarelessness in his work?carelessness in his work?A.he explained B.what he explained C.how he explained D.A.he explained B.what he explained C.how he explained D.why he explainedwhy he explained分析：定语从句分析：定语从句_ atat thethe meetingmeeting forfor hishis carelessne

28、sscarelessness inin hishisworkwork 修饰先行词修饰先行词thethe reasonreason 指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。答案：答案：A A 例例 4 Teachers,_ work is rather hard,are being better4 Teachers,_ work is rather hard,are being betterpaid than before.paid than before.A.who B.that C.which D.whose

29、A.who B.that C.which D.whose分析：非限定性定语从句分析：非限定性定语从句_ work is rather hard_ work is rather hard修饰先行词修饰先行词teachers,teachers,它与从句中的它与从句中的workwork 是从属关系，关系词用是从属关系，关系词用whosewhose答案：答案：D D 例例 5 The Olympic Games,_ in 776 BC,didnt included5 The Olympic Games,_ in 776 BC,didnt includedwomen players until 1912

30、.women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first playedA.first playing B.to be first playedC.first played D.to be first playingC.first played D.to be first playing分析：公元前分析：公元前 776776 年被首次举行的奥运会，直到年被首次举行的奥运会，直到19121912 年才容纳女运年才容纳女运动员。动员。_in 776 BC_in 776 BC做定语修饰做定语修饰 The Olympic GamesThe Olymp

31、ic Games，指过去的，指过去的内容，表示被动。用内容，表示被动。用donedone 做定语。做定语。答案：答案：C C 例例 6 The houses6 The houses_ for the teachers and the_ for the teachers and the constructionconstructionwork will start soon.work will start soon.A.built B.to be built C.to build D.being builtA.built B.to be built C.to build D.being buil

32、t分析：根据句意房子即将开工。分析：根据句意房子即将开工。_ for the teachers and the_ for the teachers and theconstruction workconstruction work修饰修饰 The housesThe houses 应为应为 The houses The housesThe houses The houses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。将要为教师和施工修建的房子。答案：答案：B B 例例 77 How manyHow many ofof us_,aus_,ameeting thatmeeting thatisis not imp

33、ortant tonot important tous would be interested in the discussion?us would be interested in the discussion?A.attended B.attending C.to attend D.have attendedA.attended B.attending C.to attend D.have attended分析：分析：根据句意：根据句意：比如说，比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢

34、？_,say,_,say,a meeting thata meeting thatis not important to usis not important to us修饰修饰How many of usHow many of us做定语。与全句动作做定语。与全句动作同步同步.答案：答案：B B 例例 8 She has three8 She has threechildren,_ ischildren,_ isworking inworking in Australia.Australia.A.who B.one of whom C.one of them D.none of themA.

35、who B.one of whom C.one of them D.none of them分析：非限定性定语从句分析：非限定性定语从句_ is working in Australia_ is working in Australia修饰先行词修饰先行词three childrenthree children，根据从句中的，根据从句中的isis 判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。在澳大利亚工作。答案：答案：B B【模拟试题】【模拟试题】1.Susan is the very girl _ the good deed.1.Susan is the very

36、 girl _ the good deed.A.whom I think did B.whom I think she didA.whom I think did B.whom I think she didC.who I think did D.I think who didC.who I think did D.I think who did2.Luckily,the poor boy had enough money _ he could buy2.Luckily,the poor boy had enough money _ he could buya train ticket.a t

37、rain ticket.A.by which B.on which C.with which D.for whichA.by which B.on which C.with which D.for which3.3.TheThe bookbook _ hehe devoteddevoted muchmuch timetime isis toto comecome outout nextnext month.month.A.where B.which C.to which D.on whichA.where B.which C.to which D.on which4.The day came

38、finally _ I was given an opportunity to4.The day came finally _ I was given an opportunity toact in the play.act in the play.A.when B.in that C.which D.in whichA.when B.in that C.which D.in which5.5.1.1.DontDont youyou thinkthink thethe questionquestion _ tomorrowtomorrow isis ofof greatgreatimporta

39、nce.importance.A.being discussed B.discussedA.being discussed B.discussedC.to be discussed D.to discussC.to be discussed D.to discuss6.The food _ at the moment is for the dinner party.6.The food _ at the moment is for the dinner party.A.cooked B.to be cooked C.is being cooked D.being cookedA.cooked

40、B.to be cooked C.is being cooked D.being cooked7.Do you know the teacher _ under the big tree?7.Do you know the teacher _ under the big tree?A.read B.reads C.reading D.being readA.read B.reads C.reading D.being read【试题答案】【试题答案】1.1.C C SusanSusan 正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词thethe veryvery gi

41、rlgirl在从句中做在从句中做 thinkthink 的宾语，的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句同时又是后面宾语从句diddid thethegoodgood deed.deed.的主语，所以关系词不能用的主语，所以关系词不能用whomwhom2.C2.C 定语从句定语从句_ he could buy a train ticket._ he could buy a train ticket.修饰先行词修饰先行词moneymoney：用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词：用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词：withwith3.C3.C 定语从句定语从句_ he devoted much tim

42、e_ he devoted much time意思是：他把大量的时意思是：他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了。devote.to sth.关系词前加介词：间都投入在这本书上了。devote.to sth.关系词前加介词：toto4.A4.A 定语从句定语从句_ I was given an opportunity to act in the_ I was given an opportunity to act in theplayplay 修饰先行词修饰先行词the daythe day：先行词：先行词the daythe day 在从句中做时间状语：在从句中做时间状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个

43、角色的机会。在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。5.C5.C 短语短语_ tomorrow_ tomorrow 做定语修饰做定语修饰the questionthe question，根据表达的，根据表达的内容：明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。内容：明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。6.D6.D 短语短语_ at the moment_ at the moment做做 the foodthe food 的定语的定语,表示：正在做表示：正在做的食物。的食物。Being doneBeing done 做定语表示：正在被的。做定语表示：正在被的。7.C7.C 现在

44、分词短语现在分词短语reading under the big treereading under the big tree做定语修饰做定语修饰thetheteacherteacher 表示：正在大树下看书的那位老师。表示：正在大树下看书的那位老师。情态动词情态动词1.1.情态动词的推测表达情态动词的推测表达2.2.情态动词表达虚拟语气情态动词表达虚拟语气3.3.某些情态动词的特殊用法某些情态动词的特殊用法知识重点与难点总结知识重点与难点总结知识重点：知识重点：情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：（一）用情态动词表达事实的推测。（一）用情态动词表达事实的

45、推测。cancan，couldcould，mightmight，maymay，mustmust可以用来表达对事实的推测。可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小，根据说话人对事实的把握性大小，mustmust表示“肯定”，表示“肯定”，may/might/can/couldmay/might/can/could表示“可能”，表示“可能”，mustmust 只用于肯定句中，只用于肯定句中，may/mightmay/might的否定式的否定式may not/might notmay not/might not表示表示“可能不”,而“可能不”,而can/couldcan/could可以

46、用于疑问句，表示“可可以用于疑问句，表示“可能，能，可能吗?”，可能吗?”，其否定式其否定式 cantcant/couldnt 表示“不可能”。couldnt 表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。测有不同的结构。（二）对现在的事实进行推测：（二）对现在的事实进行推测：主要结构：must/may/might+动词原形主要结构：must/may/might+动词原形be+be+名词名词/形容词形容词/介词短语介词短语be+doingbe+doing例句：例句：1.You must b

47、e Jeanne.Im Mathilde Loisel.We used to know1.You must be Jeanne.Im Mathilde Loisel.We used to knoweach other very well.each other very well.2.They must be in bed already at this time of the night.2.They must be in bed already at this time of the night.3.The teacher must be joking.3.The teacher must

48、be joking.4.Freda isnt in class.She must be sick.4.Freda isnt in class.She must be sick.5.There must be something wrong.5.There must be something wrong.6.She might be very clever,but she hasnt got much common6.She might be very clever,but she hasnt got much commonsense.sense.7.He may be arriving thi

49、s evening.7.He may be arriving this evening.8.He may be traveling around the world.8.He may be traveling around the world.9.9.TheThe keyskeys cantcant bebe inin thethe room.room.I I havehave justjust searchedsearched itit veryverycarefully.carefully.10.Can the news be true?10.Can the news be true?（三

50、）对过去的事实进行推测：结构：情态动词（三）对过去的事实进行推测：结构：情态动词+have+have donedone/been+been+名词名词/形容词形容词/介词短语介词短语例句：例句：1.Mrs.Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.1.Mrs.Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2.2.HeHe couldntcouldnt havehave seenseen Anna yesterday.Anna yesterday.Shes gone abroad.S