高一下学期英语词汇.pdf

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1、高一下学期英语词汇高一下学期英语词汇1.ought to 应当，应该2.keep up with 跟上，赶上3.plenty of 许多，大量的（作定语）4.in plenty 许多，丰富（作状语）5.make a choice 做出选择6.now and then 偶尔，时而7.prepare a dish 做一道菜8.a balance diet 均衡饮食9.be/go on diet 在节食31.but for 要不是32.thanks to 由于，幸亏33.apart from 除之外34.hand down 传下来35.and so on 等等36.in ancient time 在

2、古代37.go against 违背38.guide to（介词）指导39.of(no)effect（无）效40.take effect 生效，奏效41.bring/carryinto/to effect实施e/go into effect 开始实施43.depend on/upon 依靠44.That/It(all)depends.这很难说。i.stand for 代表45.in condition 身体好46.out of condition 身体不好47.on condition that.如果，条件是48.in/under favorable conditions在有利形势下49.br

3、ing in 引进，赚钱a)year after year 年复一年50.Point out 指出51.make use of 利用52.tongue twister 绕口令a)be on good terms(with sb.)关系好53.drive off 开走，击退54.look onas 把看作55.Ahead of 更前，更早56.give sb a hand 给某人帮助57.Get through 通过，到达58.tear down 拆毁59.Hold up 举起60.Intend to do sth 打算做某事61.Intend to have done 本想做（而没能做）62.

4、Intendfor=be intended for供用63.Dress up 打扮，装饰64.in ones opinion 依某人之见65.Play a trick on sb 开某人玩笑66.take in 收容，理解，包含，欺骗no longer 不再10.be based on/upon 以为基础take medicine 吃药11.be harmful to 对有害12.offer advise about/on提的建议13.lose weight 减肥14.cut into pieces 把切碎15.gain weight=put on weight增肥16.make up for

5、 补偿17.get along with 和相处18.put up with 忍受19.go for sb 对某人也一样20.in large amount 大批地67.Be determined to do sth下决心做68.Gift money 压岁钱69.fire works 鞭炮70.Save money 存钱71.ask for a day off 请一天假72.Happen to meet 碰巧遇见73.be jealous of sb 嫉妒某人74.Believe in 信仰75.dress up as 装扮成，打扮成76.Do crime 犯罪77.light up 照亮78

6、.Do honor to sb=do sb honor礼遇某人，对某人表示敬意79.On purpose=by accident故意地80.care for 喜欢，照顾81.Make fool of 愚弄82.in other words 换句话说83.hope for 对希望84.seek after 追求85.A similar to B A 和 B 相似86.take on 呈现87.Or else 或者88.personal affair 隐私89.Date back to=date from始于，追溯到90.Appreciate good food欣赏美味91.suitto使适合于9

7、2.Be suit to/for 适合于93.In all direction 朝四面八方94.in direction=in direction of朝的方向95.under the direction of在的指导下96.Follow ones directions 遵照某人的指示97.Be angry with sb for sth因生某人的气98.be likely to 很有可能99.make fun of 取笑100.No laughing matter不是闹着玩的101.existin 存在于102.Get into contact with sb与某人取得联系103.Make

8、contact with sb与某人联络104.(be)in contact with 与有交往105.lose/break contact with与失去联系21.be short of=be lacking of 缺乏，缺少22.do up ones hair 做发型23.refer to 查阅，提到24.settle down 定下心来，安家落户25.settle up 付清，结账26.settle for 勉强同意，接受27.settle in（使）习惯（环境等）28.settle on 定居（短暂停留）of high/good quality高质量的29.sign an agreem

9、ent with与达成协30.in relation to 与有关的106.go ahead 前进107.be crazy about 对着迷108.go into details 细说109.in detail 详细地110.focuson把集中于111.occur to sb 使某人突然想到112.fell down 感到闷闷不乐113.in a hurry 匆忙地114.accept as 认为是i.bring on 引发115.make oneself done使被116.make conversation交谈117.have/hold a conversation with与交谈11

10、8.be in conversation with与谈话中119.divideinto.把分成120.ivide between/among把分给121.achieve success 获得成功122.an injured look 一副受冤的表情123.call on 拜访（某人）a)call at 拜访（某地）124.bring back 拿回来，使恢复125.day and night 日日夜夜地126.pay off 还清127.at most 至多128.a number of 许多129.a great deal of 许多i.pick out 挑出，辨别出130.test on

11、在做实验131.be continued 未完待续132.pay back 偿还，报复133.sth of good/poor quality质量好的134.would rather 宁愿135.after all 毕竟136.be well worth 很值得137.without luck 运气不好138.in the hope of doing抱着的希望139.bring about 引起，导致140.bring up 哺育141.belong to sb/sth属于142.without limit 无限地143.run/take a risk 冒险144.limitto 把限制在a)

12、at risk 处于危险中145.at any risk 不顾一切146.at the risk of 冒着的危险147.to ones sorrow 使悲伤的是148.than usual 比平常149.badly off 贫穷的150.bear/take ones share of负担的部分151.keepat harms length 保持的距离152.a total failure 一个彻底的失败者153.save the situation收拾局面154.trade in 以交方式购入155.trade with 从事贸易156.be popular with 受的欢迎157.cul

13、ture of mind and body身心修养158.(be)of(no)use 有（无）用159.putto use 利用160.to ones knowledge 据某人所知161.express oneself 表达自己的意思162.tellfrom把和分开163.means of transport交通方式164.together with=as well as也165.against to the wall靠着墙166.without a sound 悄无声息地167.pull out 把拉上来168.not later than 不迟于169.get close to 接近17

14、0.just as 恰如171.without turning a hair毫不畏惧172.in disorder 混乱173.be familiar with 熟悉174.rushed off ones feet 忙于工作175.at work 忙于工作176.n the go 奔波177.go through with 完成178.at one go 一口气179.miss ones turn 错过180.be devoted to sb喜欢某人181.todegree 达到程度182.succeed in doing sth成功的做了某事183.do about 处理 应付184.cle

15、ar away 清除打扫185.go out 熄灭186.push open 推开187.be up to sb 由某人决定188.tire out 筋疲力尽189.not a bit=not at all一点也不190.there is no doubt毫无疑问191.be willing to do=like to do愿意192.a number of 若干，一些193.the rule of conduct行为准则194.charge a pipe 给烟斗塞烟195.be charged with 充满196.tear at sth 撕扯197.fastento把拴在上198.expl

16、ain sth to sb=explain to sb sth向某人解释某事199.fasten ones eyes to sb 眼睛盯着某人200.in tears 哭泣，掉泪201.end in a tie 以平局结束202.in your own words用你自己的话e into use 开始使用204.cant help doing 忍不住205.stopfrom doing 阻止206.leave sth done 让做207.by choice 出于选择208.for choice 要选就选209.ask after sb 问候某人210.give away 赠出，让出211.s

17、et the scene 为某事做准备212.full dress 盛装213.a pieces of jewellery一件珠宝214.look about/around 警戒215.look on 旁观216.look through 浏览217.look up to 尊敬218.act for 代理219.act on/upon 对起作用220.know of 听说过221.by chance 偶然地222.by mistake 由于疏忽223.be in use 在使用中224.make a great discovery完成一项重大任务225.bringto use=put to u

18、se 加以利用226.call sb names 谩骂某人227.in the name of 以的名字228.in change 主管229.free of change 免费230.at ones own change 自费231.out of control 失去控制232.be particular about对挑剔a)knock over 撞翻233.lay down ones life 献出生命234.a man of name 知名人士235.turn in 归还，交上236.carry on research进行研究237.take up research开始研究238.act

19、 against 违反239.speak against 发表抨击240.little by little逐渐地241.out of date 这时的242.up to date 最新式的243.to date 到目前为止2put a date to sth 注明日期244.set/fix the date确定日期245.keep a date 赴约246.go off 出发，爆发（机器等停止）247.go into 详细调查248.go by 走过，流逝249.go beyond 超越250.go about 四处走走，开始251.around the corner即将来临，在拐角处252.

20、die down 平息e to terms with甘心忍受254.what else 而且255.be about to 即将开始256.at the top of ones voice 大声地257.self rescue 自救258.be mean with 对吝啬259.take shelter 躲避260.work with sb 对起作用261.smell of 闻出的味道262.break up 弄碎263.hold up 阻滞264.a threatening letter恐吓信265.somehow or other设法，想办法266.admire sb as钦佩某人是267

21、.admire sb for sth 钦佩某人的268.admire oneself in the mirror照镜子269.rise/come to fame 成名270.opposite to 在对面271.to ones regret 使某人遗憾的是272.be surrounded with/by被围绕273.get/gain/take possession of占有，占领274.make up 组成，构成，凑足275.turn to 转向，求助于276.go sailing 驾船航行277.go camping 宿营e into ones possession 被某人占有279.in

22、 ones possession=in the possession of sb被某人据有280.(be)in possession of持有，拥有281.零 散 记 忆282.only+介词短语(方式状语)+倒装句283.e.g.:Only in this way will we be ready for the284.the only/just/very/first+n.+that(who)+定从285.当 n.为物时只用 that,当 n.为人时只用 who。286.be of+抽象名词，表“具有”287.begin to do 和 begin doinga)一般情况下意思相同，但 1）

23、begin 为现在进行时时；288.2）当 begin 后为 think,realise 等类词时，只用 to do。289.Make it(F.O)+adj+to do sth.290.To,on,in 在表方位时：a)on 表接壤 2）in 在范围之内 3）to 不接壤291.7、hope:1)+that-clause 2)+to do 3)+for sth292.a/the way(that)+定语从句293.to do 和 v-ing 做主语和宾语：294.to do 一次性和具体性；v-ing 表经常性延续性295.sothat“如此以致于”引导结果状从句。296.So部分放在句首时

24、，句子要倒装297.比较：sothat和 suchthat的句型构成a)so+adj./adv.+that such+a(n)+adj.+n.+thatb)such+adj.+U.C.N.+that298.such+n.(pl.)+that299.with+宾+宾补（形容词、介词短语、副词、分词、不定式），在句中状语或定语300.12、a great many+n.(pl.),当 此 名 词 前 有 限 定 词 如the,these,those 等，则用 a great many of301.13、系表结构 stay+adj.一直保持某种状态302.14、only to do sth 这一结构

25、常作结果状语，用以指随即发生的意料之外的事，有“反而，却”之意。303.15、advise(n.advice)“建议，忠告”304.1）advise+n./pron.2)advise sb.(not)to do sth305.3)advise doing sth 4)advise sb.+clause(虚拟语气)306.16、the reason 与 for 连用表语从句只用 that 引导307.17、used to:1.used not to+动词原形=usednt to+动词原形308.did not use to+动词原形=didnt use to+动词原形1.used+主+to+动词

26、原形2.did+主+use to+动词原形i.It seems to that309.18、seem It seems as if/thoughi.There seems(to be)310.19、Seem,that 和 appear311.三词后均可加形容词、副词、分词等；312.appear,seem 后可接 to do,而 look 后只加 to be313.look 后只可接 as if 引导的从句，不能接that 从句i.20、accept314.n./pron接受1.sb/sth+as+n./adj.把视为，接受2.that-clause承认315.21、worth 与 worth

27、y1.n.值多少钱 of sth值得，配得上316.be worth+be worthy+of being 值得做a)doing 值得的 to bedone 值得做317.22、a.have sb doing 使某人做某事，表动作一直进行i.b.have sb do使某人做某事，表动作完成或可能发生ii.c.have sth to do有某事要做，have 意为“有，拥有”iii.d.have sth done 使某事被做，done 表被动动作318.23、表“许多大量”的几个词组：i.a great/good manyb)a large/great/good number of +可数名词i

28、.a good few/quite fewii.many aiii.a great/good deal ofiv.a large/great amount of +不可数名词v.quite a littlevi.a lot of/lots ofvii.a large/great quantity of +可数名词或viii.large quantities of不可数名词ix.plenty ofx.24、keep doing sth.一直干，后跟状态性动词1.keep on doing sth.反复干，强调动作的重复xi.25、It isfor sb to do sth1.It isthat-

29、clausexii.26、happenxiii.主（人）+happens+to doxiv.It(形主)+（so）happen+that-clausexv.27、allow(vt.)xvi.a.allow+名/形 b.allow+含有不定式的复合宾语xvii.c.allow+动名词 d.allow+sb.+介词短语/副词xviii.28、连系动词的分类：1.变化类：become,go,get,grow,fall,turn ect.2.感官类：fell,smell,taste,look,sound ect.3.显现类：appear,seem,look ect.4.状态类：keep,stay,co

30、me,stand ect.xix.29、though 相当于 however,用于句末。xx.30、动词+to 构成的短语：xxi.look forward to 盼望 turn to 求助于，转向xxii.pay attention to 注意 stick to 坚持xxiii.get down to 开始认干 object to 反对xxiv.belong to 属于 refer to 涉及，谈到xxv.point to 指向 see to 处理，料理e to 共计，苏醒 reply to 答复xxvii.agree to 同意 add to增加c)devoteto贡献给 comparet

31、o把比作319.高一下学期语法重难点集汇320.主谓一致a)主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。一个句子中主谓一致，通常指三个基本原则：语法一致，即形式上一致；概念一致，即概念或意念上的一致；毗邻一致，即谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。b)语法一致原则i.在通常情况下，一个句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。即主语为单数形式，谓语也为单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语也为复数形式。如：1.This exercise on English idioms is not easy.这个英3语短语练习不容易。ii.在“there be”结构中，“be”的单复数取决与后面主语的数.如：1

32、.There has been little change in this city.这个城市没有多少变化。iii.3、“one of”结构，位于用单数，“two of”结构位于用复数iv.One of the things I want to do is traveling.我想做的一件事是去旅行。v.Two of the boys have lost their way home.有两个男孩回家迷路了。vi.倒装句的主语在谓语之后，避免误用。1.Never before has she been to Paris!她以前从未去过巴黎。c)概念一致i.主语是抽象概念、短语或从句，谓语用单数形

33、式。如：ii.To tell lies is wrong.说谎是不正确的。（不定式做主语）iii.Keeping the house is a tiring job.管理家务是一件很劳累的事。（动名词做主语）iv.How this happened is not clear to anyone.(从句做主语)v.注意：321.用 what 或 which 引导的主语从句或简单句中的数的概念取决于后面的表语，因为它们在逻辑上的意义是相同的。如：1.Which is your seat?你的座位是哪一个？a)Which are your seats?你们的座位是哪些？322.单个的分词作主语，不定

34、式作主语，以及主语从句，谓语都用单数，若用连接上述的相同两个成分，谓语才用复数。i.两个或两个以上的主语用 and 和 both 连接时，谓语用复数形式。ii.and 连接的并列主语指同一人或同一样东西，and 后的名词前没有冠词，谓语用单数；若有，则用复数。如：1.My best friend and adviser has changed his mindagain.我的密友兼顾问又改变他的想法了。2.My friend and the student Sue are in the classroom.我的朋友和那位叫苏的同学在教室里。b)若 and 后面加 not,谓语用单数。如：i.L

35、ilei,and not I,has won the game.是Lilei 赢了比赛，而不是我。c)用 and 连接的单数主语，前面有 each,every,many a,no 等词修饰时，谓语用单数。d)复数主语前加 each,谓语仍用复数。e)no 后面名词为单数，谓语用单数；后为复数，谓语用复数。f)毗邻一致1.由notonlybutalso,neithernor,eitheror,or 连接的并列主语，在肯定句中谓语变化取决于后面的饿主语，在疑问句中取决于前面的主语。如；2.Either he or I am mistaken.他和我都没错。3.Either he or you ar

36、e to go there.不是他就是你要到那儿去。g)（详见高一下册 P155P156）323.虚拟语气1.虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是事实。虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语动词的特殊形式来表现的，因此，掌握虚拟语气中的各种谓语动词的形式变化，是掌握虚拟语气的关键。b)虚拟语气在简单句中的用法1.虚拟语气用于简单句中，一般表示祝愿、命令等。谓语动词要用原形。c)虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法1.在状语从句中的用法ii.条件句中的用法iii.虚拟语气的条件句是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表现与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示怀疑，和直陈语气条件句中的谓语动词形式以及表达的含

37、义完全不同。虚拟语气条件句中所用的谓语动词的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等，只表示不同的虚拟语气，和直陈语气的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等毫无关系。iv.现将虚拟语气的各种具体形式和用法分述如下；a)表示与现在事实相反的情况d)形式324.条件从句的动词形式325.主句的动词形式326.IfI327.I(we)should(we,you,he,she,it,they)+328.You(he,she,+动词原行为动词的过去式（be形或：的过去式一般用 were）329.they,it)would330.所有人称+might(could)+动词原形331.用法：a)If I had more

38、 time,I should study German.(fact:I have nomore time,so I shall not study German.)b)If she were not so busy,she would attend the meeting thisafternoon.(fact:she is very busy,so she will not attend themeeting this afternoon.)c)If they didnt take physical exercises every day,theywouldnt be so healthy.

39、(fact:they take physical exercisesevery day,so they are very healthy.)a)表示与过去誓死相反的情况d)形式；332.条件从句的动词形式333.主句的动词形式334.IfI335.I(we)should(we,you,he,she,it,they)+had336.You(he,she,+have+过+过去分词去分词或：337.they,it)would338.所有人称+could(might)+have+过去分词339.用法：a)I would have checked my paper again if I had had

40、more timeat yesterdays examination.(fact:I had no more time atyesterdays exam,so I didnt check my paper again)b)You would have already recovered from his illness if he hadseen the doctor in good time.(fact:He didnt see the doctor ingood time,so he hasnt recovered from his illness)a)表示与将来事实相反的情况340.形

41、式：341.条件从句的动词形式342.主句的动词形式343.IfI347.I(we)should(we,you,he,she,it,they)+348.Youwould+动词原行为动词的过去式（be形或：的过去式一般用 were）349.he(she,it)would通常要与一个表将来的350.they would时间的状语连用351.I344.If(we,you,he,she,it,they)+could(mi(we,you,he,she,it,they)+sght)+动词原形hould345.+动词原形346.c.IfI(we,you,he,she,it,they)+were to+动词原

42、形352.用法：a)If it rains tomorrow,our picnic will be put off.(The weatherhas been changeable these days.)b)If it rained tomorrow,our picnic would be put off.(Theweather has beenvery good these days.)c)If it should rain tomorrow,our picnic would be put off.(Thatwould be out of our expectation.)d)If it w

43、ere to rain tomorrow,our picnic would be put off.(条件从句谓语动词用 were to+动词原形，表示 下雨的可能性极小。Were to rain 和 should rain 都表示“出乎意料之外”，但 were to 加强表示“当初没想到以后的事”)353.混合时间条件句的用法：i.有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致。这时动词的形式，应根据它所要表达的具体时间来决定用什么形式。b)If she hadnt trained so hard,she wouldnt be run so fast.（从句叙述过去，主句叙述现在。）i.（fac

44、t:she has trained very hard,so she would able torun fast.）ii.You would speak English well enough if you hadpractised reading and speaking it every day.(主句叙述现在，从句叙述过去)iii.（fact:You didnt practice(hasnt practiced)readingand speaking it every day,so you cant speak Englishwell enough.）iv.在其他状语从句中的用法c)主要

45、用于由 as if(as though)引导的比较状语从句，从句中谓语动词一般用“动词的过去式（be 变 were）或had+过去分词。”i.如：4ii.She looked as if she were ill.(实际上她没有病，在这里用虚拟语气补语比喻她精神不佳)iii.Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied inEngland.(这里用虚拟语气表现他的 英语说得好)iv.（2）、在主语从句中的用法：v.通常由形式主语 it 引出的主语从句来表达。主语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”；表示“必要”“重要”“奇怪”等意思。vi.It is necessary that you should clean the workshop afterwork.下班后你必须清扫车间。vii.It is important that we should ask advice of other peopleabout our work.在工作中，征求别人的意见是很重要的。354.在宾语从句中的用法（详见高一上学期英语语法重难点集汇）1.