That Internet of Things.pdf

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1、That Internet of ThingsLastJanuary,Xijing Transformer Substation in Wuxi,JiangsuProvince,the State Grids first intelligent transformer substation,came online.The ubstation is almost complete,automated withcomputers,not humans,operating and monitoring the facility.Sensors within the ubstation communi

2、cate with each other tomake snap decisions should a problem arise.In March,Gree Electric Appliances Inc.nd China Mobile Ltd.began cooperating to roduce“smart”air conditioners thatinteract with other wireless devices in office buildings ndhomes.If the temperature in a room drops elow a certainthresho

3、ld,or sensors in other arts of the building notice anytemperature hange,the air conditioning units will switch n oroff accordingly.Other companies are following suit,uickly jumping on thesmart technology andwagon and researching new wirelessadgets to keep people,and now things,conected.The trend is

4、called the Internet of Things,global networkinfrastructure that provides nytime,anywhere connectivity withanyhing that has a radio frequency identification RFID)tagand its working its way into peoples everyday lives inunimaginable ways.Recent events concerning the Internet of Things in China havecap

5、tured the attention of tech-savvy users and communicationsexperts.Unfolding developmentsIn early June,the Ministry of Industry and InformationTechnology(MIIT)implemented measures to administer andprotect the security of the Internet of Things and regulatemarket competition.It also designated certain

6、 sectors for futuredevelopment and integration into the Internet of Things.Later that month,the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE)and China Electronic Chamber of Commerce(CECC)gatheredindustrial experts at the 2011 China Summit for Development ofthe Internet of Things in Beijing to brainstorm appli

7、cations anddevelopment of smart technology in China.On June 22,Shenzhen in south China hosted an exchangemeeting on the Internet of Things for Chinese managers unionsto focus on widespread connectivity in smart transportationsystems,smart power grids,smart medical treatment,smartlogistics and smart

8、housing sectors.The Shenzhen Municipal Government also outlined its plan fortwo industrial parks in Longgang and Nanshan districts withintegrated and connected“things”to demonstrate the efficacyof smart systems.Preliminary work on the two parks hasalready begun.“The Internet of Things has turned fro

9、m a vague concept intoan intangible hand pushing industrial transformation,”saidQuan Chunlai,Deputy Director of the Second Institute of ChinaAerospace Science and Industry Corp.Things in ChinaChina began developing a network to allow wireless devices tocommunicate,or“talk,”with eachother as early as

10、 1999 underthe auspices of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).At thetime,the concept was known simply as a“sensor network.”At the UN World Summit on the Information Society held inTunis in 2005,the International Telecommunication Union(ITU)officially introduced the concept of the Internet of Thing

11、s,which has also been adopted by China.Today,Chinas progress in smart technology development farexceeds the scope the ITU defined in 2005.“Unlike its involvement in the computer and Internet industries,China will have an international say when it comes to this fieldof the Internet of Things,”said Li

12、u Haitao,Director of the CASWuxi Institute of the Internet of Things.According to the China Center for Information IndustryDevelopment and the Software and Integrated CircuitPromotion Center of the MIIT,construction of a core network tomanage Chinas own network of smart interconnected devicesand sen

13、sors is already in the works and is slated to becompleted in late 2013.Smart technologies will be applied to Chinas transportation,power grid and video monitoring systems and then expanded toother fields.Shanghai Pudong International Airport is the first airport inChina to apply smart technologies.W

14、ith more than 30,000sensors,the airports system can track fences and low-altitudeareas to prevent trespassing and terrorist attacks.The Chinese Government has been expanding financial supporton the development of smart technologies,with the Internet ofThings as one of Chinas five emerging strategic

15、industries.InApril this year,the Ministry of Finance and the MIITpromulgated the Interim Measures for the Management ofSpecial Funds for the Development of the Internet of Things.The measures make special funds available for the developmentof smart networks.So far,more than 1,000 companies focusedon

16、 developing Chinas smart industry have applied for thespecial funds.Market potentialLiu Yuting,Director of the Department of Enterprises of theMinistry of Finance,said the market scale in 2010 for theInternet of Things reached 193 billion yuan($29.83 billion).According to Liu,the core technologies f

17、or Chinas Internet ofThings,low frequency and high frequency RFID,have reachedan effective level of applicability.In 2010 the market scale forthese technologies totaled 10.53 billion yuan($1.63 billion).More than 1,600 companies nationwide are engaged inresearching and producing sensors.Moreover,Chi

18、na has theworlds biggest and most advanced public telecommunicationsnetwork.According to figures released by Iimedia Research,a mobile andInternet consulting company,by 2015,Chinas market scale forsmart technology will total 916 billion yuan($141.58 billion).Research by the CCID Consulting Co.Ltd.sh

19、ows that marketprospects for the application of smart technology in households,power and public security,health monitoring,intelligenttransportation,environmental protection and other areas willbe much better than those of the computer industry.BottlenecksAt the 2011 China Summit for the Development

20、 of the Internetof Things,Liu Yunjie,a CAE member,said the smart technologyindustry,despite its broad market prospects,faces majorchallenges.Technology in the sector still needs time to develop.High-endchips and sensors will be needed for China to reach its fullall-connected potential.There are also

21、 no generally acceptedinternational industrial standards when developing thesetechnologies.Coordinating among different internationalorganizations has been difficult,if not impossible.In applying the massive network of wireless devices and hubs,the market needs to be nurtured and a more effective bu

22、sinessmodel created.The industrial chain for producing and applying technologiesand equipment required to establish an Internet of Thingsnetwork is complicated and in need of a powerful integrator tobreak down industrial barriers and share industrial resources.Also,the industry itself faces threats

23、and challenges concerningnational security and personal privacy.Special safeguards willneed to be implemented before the Internet of Things cancome into full use in China.Besides these problems,telecom bottlenecks and externalenvironment changes are also obstacles Chinas Internet ofThings industry f

24、aces,according to a report of CCID Consulting.As it stands,sensors are only reliable within a range of100-1,000 meters.The sensors are also sensitive toenvironmental factors,like temperature and humidity changes.Overcoming these technological barriers is a must,said theCCID report.Moreover,progress in applying core technologies and testingtheir effectiveness has been slow.So far,90 percent of theapplication projects are being pushed by the government.Fewof the projects are independently launched and implemented.