The Great Mother Archetypal Image in Mrs. Ramsay of To the Lighthouse.pdf

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1、The Great Mother Archetypal Image in Mrs.Ramsay of To theLighthouse【Abstract】Idioms，which contain abundant culturalcontents and profound truths，are known as one of thefeatures of Chinese.And schemata refer to the knowledge andexperience in human brain.The differences of culturalschemata will bring a

2、bout difficulties and challenges totranslation.Through an analysis of the translation strategies inJenners Journey to the West，this paper is aimed to find outin different cultural schemata what translation strategies thetranslator will adopt to activate or adjust the cultural schematain readers brai

3、n so as to help them solve the problems ofcultural factors during their reading.【Key words】Journey to the West；cultural schemata；translation strategiesLanguages is a very important component of culture，andalso the carrier of culture.Each language carries thecenturies-old histories and deep-rooted cu

4、ltures of one nation.On account of the divergent cultural backgrounds，peoplefrom different countries form their own distinctive culturalschemata.And the divergent of cultural schemata will lead todifficulties in the translation of idioms.As one of the Chineseclassics，there exist tremendous idioms in

5、 Journey to the West，which on the one hand enrich the linguistic features of theliterary work，and on the other hand add cultural atmosphereto the work.Therefore，the researches on idioms in Journey tothe West is beneficial to our understanding of the inherentmeaning of the work，and the appropriate tr

6、anslation ofidioms can help readers overcome difficulties caused by culturaldiversity.1.Cultural Schema TheoryIn 1932，British psychologist Barlett put forth that schemais“an active organization of past reactions operation in anywell-adapted or experiences which must always be supposed tobe organic r

7、esponse”.Bartlett found when readers tried tounderstand new objects or knowledge，their memories andunderstandings would be changed as time went on so as tomake adjustments to their own schema.Afterwords，scholarsmade a further study on schema theory.The modern schematheory regards schemata as the fou

8、ndation of cognition.It isthe existed schemata in our brain that decide ourcomprehension of new knowledge.Only when the inputinformation is identical to those schemata can readersunderstand the new knowledge.The cultural schemata coversall background knowledge related to cultures，includingcustoms，re

9、ligions，histories，geography etc.Generally，itcan be divided into three categories，i.e.，the overlapped，the divergent and the vacant cultural schemata.2.Translation Strategies of Idioms2.1 The Overlapped Cultural SchemaBecause there are more or less some similarities in thenatural environment or social

10、 environment of different nations，some similar cultural schemata then come into being，whichwill lead to the overlapped cultural schemata in thecross-cultural communication.e.g.1：污言秽语（24，202）Jenners：filthy and stinking abuse（24，563）It refers to the bestial words in China.In Western countriesthere are

11、 also such bestial words like“asshole”，“fuck”.e.g.2：没精打采（66，554）Jenners：be listless（66，1503）It is used to describe a person who is out of spirit in China，so does it in Western countries.e.g.3：东张西望（68，569）Jenners：to stare all around（68，1547）Both in China and in Western countries，it means“lookaround”.

12、The above examples are idioms of overlapped culturalschemata.All the words represent the same meaning no matterin China or in Western countries.When the translator dealswith idioms like this，he translates all the words literally.Itshows that when the cultural schemata overlapped betweenthe original

13、text and the readers，literal translation canactivate the exited schemata in readers brain.Therefore，literal translation doesnt affect readers understanding ofidioms.2.2 The Divergent Cultural SchemataThe divergent cultural schema refers to the conflictsbetween two cultures in cross-cultural communic

14、ation.e.g.龙吟虎啸（60，503）Jenner s：Dragons howled，tigers roared.（60，1356）“龙”in China represents“auspiciousness”，“nobility”，“authority”and“power”，while in Western countries“dragon”is a wicked creature，which is a representative ofdevils.A deviation appears between the cultural schemata inboth countries.Je

15、nner chooses“dragon”to translate“龙”may lead readers to activate their schema of“dragon”，whichmay cause misunderstanding in our Chinese“龙”.Therefore，the translator here had better add an annotation to the idiomto explain the differences between the two cultures so as toadjust readers existed cultural

16、 schemata.Then readers cancreate a new correct schema to better comprehend this idiom.2.3 The Vacant Cultural SchemataThe vacant schema means there is no similar schema insource language and target language in cross-culturecommunication.e.g.1：犬马之劳（4，28）Jenners：to accept ones humble services（4，79）Thi

17、s idiom stems form the History of Han Dynasty，whichmeans“to work for the monarch as dogs and horses”.There isno such schema in Western countries.Jenner paraphrases theidiom to activate target readers schemata.e.g.1：班门弄斧（64，639）Jenner s：A beginner tries to show off in front of experts.（64，1464）“班门弄斧”

18、is an allusion in China.Jenner here choosesto freely translate the term in order to express its connotationinstead of its literal meaning.3.ConclusionFrom the above analyses，we can see that the translatorstries to adopt different translation strategies in differentcultural schemata，which can better

19、help readers activate andadjust their cultural schemata to understand the idioms.Itimplies that the translators should seize the cultural differencesbetween the source text and the target readers when they dothe translation.Then they should use appropriate translationstrategies based on differences

20、of cultural schemata so thatthey can set up a bridge to narrow the cultural gaps betweenthe author and the readers.References：1Bartlett，F.C.Remembering：A Study in Experimental andSocial Psychology.Cambridge，England：Cambridge UniversityPress，1932.2Bassnett，Susan，and Andr Lefevere.Translation，History and Culture.Abingdon：Taylor&Francis e-Library，2003.3吴承恩（Wu Chengen）.西游记.长春：时代文艺出版社，1999.4Jenner，W.J.F.Journey to the West.Beijing：ForeignLanguages Press，2014.5刘明东.图式在翻译过程中的运用J.外语教学，2002，（6）：56.