2019年考研英语一真题及答案详解完整版.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2019 年考研英语一真题及答案详解完整版 2019年考研英语一真题及答案详解 Section Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）Today we live in a world where GPS systems,digital maps,a

2、nd other navigation apps are available on our smart phones.1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone.But phones 2 on batteries,and batteries can die faster than we realize.3 you get lost without a phone or a compass,and you 4 cant find north,a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civ

3、ilization,one of which is to follow the land When you find yourself well 6 a trail,but not in a completely 7 area,you have to answer two questions:Which 8 is downhill,in this particular area?And where is the nearest water source?Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys,and on supplies of fresh water.9

4、,if you head downhill,and follow any H2O you find,you should 10 see signs of people.If youve explored the area before,keep an eye out for familiar sightsyou may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another12 :Climb high and look for signs of human habita

5、tion.13,even in dense forest,you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads,train tracks,and other paths people carve 15 the woods.Head toward these 16 to find a way out.At night,scan the horizon for 17 light sources,such as fires and streetlights,then walk toward the glow of light poll

6、ution.18 ,assuming youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent,look for the 19 we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes,tire tracks,and other features can 20 you to civilization.1.ASome BMost CFew DAll 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！【答案】C 【解析】首句为主题句：今天，我们生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程 序都在我们

7、的智能手机上唾手可得的世界。空格所在句指出：我们中 在没有电话，个人 GPS或其他导航工具的情况下直接走进树林。本句有without与few构成双重否定表肯定，根 据语义应该填入 few（几乎没有人），符合文意。2.Aput Btake Crun Dcome 【答案】C 【解析】run on battery 表示手机用电池发动，运行。其他选项：Put on（穿上；使运 转）；take on（承担；呈现）；come on（快点；开始），语义不通顺。故正确答案为 C run。3.ASince B If CThough DUntil 【答案】B 【解析】空格所在句译文：你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷

8、路，找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航 文明。此处为假设的情况，故填入 if（如果）符合上下文 的表达。其余选项：Since（因为；自从），though（虽然），until（直到）带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为B If。4.Aformally B relatively C gradually D literally 【答案】D 【解析】空格所在句译文：你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航 文明。此处literally表示确实地，真正地，带入原文语义 通顺：你的确找不到北方。其余选项：Formally（正式地），relatively（相对地），gra

9、dually（逐渐地）带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为D literally.5.A back B next C around D away 【答案】A 【解析】空格所在句译文：你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航 文明。前文讲lost（迷路），此处填入 back（回到）文 明之地相互呼应，故正确答案为A back。6.Aonto Boff Cacross Dalone 【答案】B 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！【解析】空格所在句的句意为：当你 路径，但不是完全 的区域，你需要回答两 个问题：

10、在这个特殊区域，哪儿条路是下坡？哪儿里有最近的水源？通过后半句的问题，能 够了解到前面是当你偏离轨道，迷失踪迹的时候。B 选项off（远离，离开）符合语义要求；A选项onto（在之上），C 选项across（穿过，横穿），D 选项alone（独自地，单独地）带入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为 B 选项 off。7.Aunattractive B uncrowded Cunchanged Dunfamiliar 【答案】D 【解析】空格所在句的前一句说迷失踪迹，偏离轨道。空格所在的后半句but开头，所 填入的形容词词需要和前面构成转折的逻辑关系，虽然偏离轨道，但也不是完全不熟悉的 路。

11、只有D 选项unfamiliar（不熟悉的，不常见的）符合要求；A 选项unattractive（不吸引 人的），B 选 uncrowded（不拥挤的，宽敞的），C 选项 unchanged（未改变的，无变化 的）带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为Dunfamiliar。8.Asite Bpoint Cway Dplace 【答案】C 【解析】空格所在句的句意：你需要回答两个问题：在这个特殊区域，哪儿个 是下 坡？哪儿里有最近的水源？空格处所需的名词需要符合上下文语境。C 选项way（道路）符合 语义要求；A 选项 site（地点，位置，场所），B 选项 point（要点），D 选项 place

12、（地方，地点）带入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为 C 选项 way。9.ASo BYet CInstead DBesides 【答案】A 【解析】空格所在句的前一句指出：生活在山谷中的人，基本都靠淡水为生。后面也就 是空格所在句：如果你下山，沿着水走，你会发现人类的迹象很明显空格处所填 入的连词和前面构成因果的逻辑关系，只有 A 选项 So（所以，因此）符合要求；B 选项 Yet（但是，然而），C 选Instead（代替，反而），D 选项Besides（此外，而且）带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为ASo。10.Aimmediately B intentionally Cunexpec

13、tedly D eventually 【答案】D 【解析】空格所在句的句意：所以如果你下山，沿着你找到的水一直走，你 会看 到人类的迹象，空格处所需的副词需要符合本句语境并是句子语义通顺。D 选项 eventually（最后，终于）符合语义要求；A 选项 immediately（立即，立刻），B 选项 intentionally（故意地，有意地），C 选项unexpectedly（意外地，出乎意料地）带入空格 后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为 D 选项 eventually。欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档

14、，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！16.A posts Blinks Cshades Dbreaks 【答案】D 【解析】本题空前有一个指示代词 these，通过语义，“these 16”指代上文的“roads,train tracks,and other paths”，并由定语从句“people carve through the woods”（人们在森林中开辟的）修饰。从语义上来看，breaks 最合适。17.A artificial B mysterious C hidden D limited 【答案】A 【解析】本空所处的句子“scan for

15、17 light sources”，与本段开头“look for sign of human habitation”结构一致，语义相关，空格处所填形容词和 human 意思相 近，选择 artificial“人造的”。除此之外，17 题后面“such as fires and streetlights,”所 列举的两种光源的共同特点就是 artificial。18.A Finally B Consequently C incidentally D Generally 【答案】D 【解析】空后为条件状语从句“assuming you”，与上文的“If you”构成顺接递进 关系，选项中，只用 f

16、inally 表顺接。19.A memories B marks C notes D belongings 【答案】B 【解析】空后的定语从句“we leave on the landscape”，由语义得知此处应该填 “标记”，所以选 marks。20.A restrict B adopt C lead D expose 【答案】C 【解析】所填动词需要与主语“tire blazes,tire tracks and other fearures”轮胎，轮 胎痕迹和其他标记），宾语 you，以及不定式 to civilization（文明）之间构成完整语义，所 以此处填 lead“引导”最合适

17、。【试题点评】完型填空为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感。具体说来，是从语篇 的角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法 规则的灵活运用。这部分大家一定要注重思路和寻找线索能力的训练，一般做题的基本思路 是，根据已知信息去填空，根据空前后的线索来选择填什么。比方说，题目让考生填主句的 内容，那么从句中就会有相应的说明。题目让考生填动词，原文常常在别的地方出现这个动 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！词的同义词。那么如何判断呢？首先根据需要填写动词后面出现的宾语，找到有同一宾语的 句子，该句中的动

18、词就是所需填写词的同义词。具体相关知识点和解题思路在考研教育网强 化阶段英语强化班的完型填空部分有重点讲解。Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1 Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rath

19、er unusual rule on the bosses of big banks.Starting next year,any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing.The main purpose of this“clawback”rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public tru

20、st in financial institution.Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit:more long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu all corporations,to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism”or the desire for quick profits,has worsened in publicly traded companies,says

21、 the Bank of Englands top economist.Andrew Haldane.He quotes a giant of classical economies,Alfred Marshall,in describing this financial impatience as acting like“Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once”rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for

22、 holding a stock in both the United States and Britain,he notes,has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.Transient investors,who demand high quarterly profits from companies,can hinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.This has been

23、 dubbed“quarterly capitalism”。In addition,new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities,quicker use of information,and thus shortens attention spans in financial markers.“There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,”said Commis

24、sioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.In the US,the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year,slightly helping reduce“short-termism.”In its latest survey of CEO pay

25、,The Wall Street Journal finds that“a substantial part”of executive pay is now tied to performance.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Much more could be done to encourage“long-termism,”such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions.In France,shareholders who

26、 hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies,the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders.Britains new rule is a remind

27、er to bankers that society has an interest in their performance,not just for the short term but for the long term.21.According to Paragraph 1,one motive in imposing the new rule is the .A.enhance bankers sense of responsibility B.help corporations achieve larger profits C.build a new system of finan

28、cial regulation D.guarantee the bonuses of top executives 【答案】A 【解析】根据题干关键词“paragraph 1”和“one motive in imposing the new rule”回文定位在第一段第三句“The main purpose of this clawback rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions.”可以得出答案。22.Alf

29、red Marshall is quoted to indicate .A.the conditions for generating quick profits B.governments impatience in decision-making C.the solid structure of publicly traded companies D.“short-termism”in economics activities 【答案】D 【解析】根据题干中的“Alfred Marshall”回文定位在第二段最后一句“Alfred Marshall,in describing this f

30、inancial impatience as acting like”，可以得出答案。欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be .A.indirect B.adverse C.minimal D.temporary 【答案】B 【解析】根据题干关键词“Transient investment”定位第三段第二句，“Transient investors,can hinder

31、a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty”可以得出答案。24.The US and France examples are used to illustrate .A.the obstacles to preventing“short-termism”。B.the significance of long-term thinking.C.the approaches to promoting“long-termism”。D.the prevalence of short-ter

32、m thinking.【答案】C 【解析】根据题干定位到第五、六段，第五段为美国的例子，第六段为法国的例子，（第五段中美国延迟发放才上任一年左右的高管绩效津贴，继而促进缓解“短期主义”盛行 的现状；第六段在法国持股两年以上者拥有更大的选票权。）第六段首句承前启后讲到“Much more could be done to encourage long-termism”促进“长期主义”还有 很多做法。可以得出答案。25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.Failure of Quarterly Capital

33、ism B.Patience as a Corporate Virtue C.Decisiveness Required of Top Executives 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！D.Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers 【答案】B 【解析】根据题干关键词 best title可知这是一道典型的主旨大意题。根据全文可以得出 答案。Grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs（grade-point averages）over the

34、 past few decadesis often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education,in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.But another,related forcea policy often buried deep in course catalogs called“grade forgiveness”is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to r

35、etake a course in which they received a low grade,and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a students overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years,as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school（

36、and paying tuition）and improve their graduation rates.When this practice first started decades ago,it was usually limited to freshmen,to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.But now most colleges save for many se

37、lective campuses,allow all undergraduates,and even graduate students,to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and gradu

38、ation without incurring a big penalty.“Untimely,”said Jack Miner,Ohio State Universitys registrar,“we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.”That said,there is a way in which grad

39、e forgiveness satisfies colleges own needs as well.For public institutions,state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retentionso better grades can,by boosting figures like those,mean more money.And anything that raises GPAs will likely mak

40、e studentswho,at the end of the day,are paying the billfeel theyve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars,which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed,grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers expectations for higher education.Since students and

41、 parents expect a college degree to lead a job,it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possibleor at least appear to be.On this,students and colleges incentives seem to be aligned.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！26.What is commonly regarded

42、 as the cause of grade inflation?A.The change of course catalogs.B.Students indifference to GPAS.C.Colleges neglect of GPAS.D.The influence of consumer culture.【答案】D 【解析】根据题干信息词定位到首段第一句，句子主干“Grade inflation is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education”可以得出答案。27.What was the or

43、iginal purpose of grade forgiveness?A.To help freshmen adapt to college learning.B.To maintain colleges graduation rates.C.To prepare graduates for a challenging future.D.To increase universities income from tuition.【答案】A 【解析】根据题干要求定位到第三段第二句。该句中的this practice对应题干中的grade forgiveness，first started 对应题

44、干中的 original，而不定式短语 to give them（freshmen）a second chanceif they struggled in their transition to college-level courses（如果大一新生在都向大学课程的过渡中有问题的话在给他们一次机会）为目的，对应题干中的 purpose，故正确答案应为A选项 To help freshmen adapt to college learning（帮助大一新生适应大学学习）。28.According to Paragraph 5,grade forgiveness enable colleges

45、to .A.obtain more financial support B.boost their student enrollments C.improve their teaching quality D.meet local governments needs 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！【答案】A 【解析】根据题干关键词“paragrph 5”，以及“grade forgiveness”和“colleges”定位到第五段第一句话。可以得出答案。29.What does the phrase“to be aligned”（

46、Line 5,Para.6）most probably mean?A.To counterbalance each other.B.To complement each other.C.To be identical with each other.D.To be contradictory to each other.【答案】C 【解析】根据题目定位到第 6 段最后一句：On this,students and colleges incentives seem to be aligned.解决本题的关键是 this 指代的内容，根据上文 Since students and parents

47、expect a college degree to lead to a job,it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible-or at least appear to be.可以得出答案。30.The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by .A.assessing its feasibility B.analyzing the causes behind it C.comparing

48、 different views on it D.listing its long-run effects 【答案】B 【解析】根据题干，表面上问作者通过什么论述方式来探讨grade forgiveness的实践操 作，其实是考全文的主旨写作手法，属于主旨大意题。根据全文可以得出答案。Text 3 This year marks exactly two countries since the publication of Frankenstein;or,The Modern Prometheus,by Mary Shelley.Even before the invention of the

49、electric 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！light bulb,the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence（AI）raises fundamental questions:”Wha

50、t is intelligence,identify,or consciousness?What makes humans humans?”What is being called artificial general intelligence,machines that would imitate the way humans think,continues to evade scientists.Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look,move,and respond like humans,si