2020-2021年考研英语真题试卷及解析.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎下载 考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Though not biologically related,friends are as related as fourth cousins,sha

2、ring about 1%of genes.That is _(l)_a study,published from the University of Cal讦ornia and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has_(2)_ The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)_1,932 unique subjects which _(4)_pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated stran

3、gers.The same people were used in both_(5)_ While 1%may seem_(6)_it is not so to a geneticist As James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego,says,Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow man age to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.The study_(9)_found t

4、hat the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain,for now,_(10)as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(ll)t There could be many mechanisms working together that _(1

5、2)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_functional Kinship of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,with s

6、ocial environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain peoples_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds,say the researchers Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects,friends and strangers,wer

7、e taken from the same population.1.A when B why C how D what【答案】D what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词 引导从句;再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容(what),不是指研究的时间(when),原因(why)和方式(how),因此，该题的答案为what。2.A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised【答案】B concluded【解析】从此题所在的句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is _ 中的that是指第一

8、句话的内 容(朋友与我们基因上的相关性)，很显然是研究得出的结论。因此，答案为concluded 3.A for with C on D by 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎下载 【答案】C on【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容（研究对1932分独特的受试者进行分析）判断出进行分析的对象 是 1932 unique subjectSo conduct analysis on.是固定表达。4.A compared B sought C separated D connected【答案】A compared【解析】该空格所在的句子是

9、which引导的定语从句修饰study,意思是：对儿对基因不相关的朋 友和陌生人进行 _ o因为“研究的内容是关于朋友间基因上的相关性问题，所以完整的意思应 该是：对儿对基因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行比较。所以最佳答案为comparedo 5.A tests B objects Cjsamples D examples【答案】C samples【解析】根据空格的前后内容判断，到第五个空为止，文章都在讲实验过程，和实验对象，第五 个空格所在句子的内容是：相同的人们都用于实验中的这两类 _ o所以根据上下文语境和内容，应该选与实验对象相对应的samples（样例）.因此，答案是sampleso 6.

10、A insignifica nt B un expected Cjunbelievable D in credible【答案】A insignificant【解析】空的语境为：尽管这1%看起来似乎，但是遗传学家可不这么认为。空前后形成对 比转折的逻辑关系，而从后文列举的例子中可知遗传学家James Fowler对这1%基因的态度是肯定的,故答案为Ao 7.A visit B miss C seek D know【答案】D know【解析】空的语境为：大多数人其至不他们隔三代的表亲，但却设法选择那些我们亲戚 的人作为朋友。填入的词必须满足前后句之间的转折逻辑关系，四个选项带入，只有D选项符合上

11、下文语义。8.A resemble B influence C favor D surpass【答案】A resemble【解析】空的语境为：大多数人甚至不认识他们隔三代的表亲，但却设法选择那些我们亲戚 的人作为朋友。根据全文中心：基因上的相似性，可知本题选择A。9.A again B also C instead D thus欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎下载 15.A later Bslower C faster D earlie

12、r【答案】C faster【解析】该句为：evolving _ than other genes（比其他基因进化得 _）.根据同词复现，我 们找到该段第二句话中：human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years（人类进化在过去 30000 年 间提速）。C选项faster与下文picked pace（加速）形成呼应，故答案为faster。16.Aforecast Bremember Cjunderstand Dexpress【答案】C understand【解析】此题考查动词。根据语意。空格后面是一个why引导的宾语从句，意为“人类进化在

13、过 去三万年间得以加速的原因，表示这一研究的结果和意义。能与这一宾语从句构成搭配的只有C选 项understand o A选项forecast预测与过去三万年相矛盾，B选项remember记住和D选项express 均不符合文意。17.A unpredictable Bcontributory C controllable D disruptive【答案】B contributory【解析】此空需要填入一个形容词，表达社会环境对人类进步所起到的作用。help,pick pace这 两个词表达的都是积极的含义，因此此处需要填入一个带有褒义的感情色彩的词，因此排除A选项 不可预测的和D选项破坏性的

14、;B而C选项可控的，与语意无关;因此正确答案为B选项 contributory促进的。18.A endeavor Bdecision Carrangement D tendency【答案】D tendency【解析】此处进一步陈述这一研究的结论。A选项endeavor努力，B选项“决定，C选项“安排,D选项“倾向。本文的主旨重在解释人们在交朋友的不自觉的一种倾向，而非通过人为的有意识的举 动来选择朋友。因此正确答案为D。19.A political B religious C ethnic D economic【答案】C ethnic【解析】结合文意，人们普遍希望和有相似基因背景的人。C选项e

15、thnic意为种族的，民族的,是对上文中多次重复出现的genes,以及下文的the same population的同义复现。因此正确答案为C。A 选项political政治的，B选项“宗教的，D选项经济的均不符合原文文意。20.A see B show C prove D tell【答案】A see欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎下载 【解析】此处考察动词，动词势必要看前后搭配。see that构成固定词组，意为务必使，符 合文意，B|J：即使所有的受访者都拥有欧洲血统，(研究者们)仍然悉心确保所有的受访者、朋友和陌 生人都来

16、自于同一群种。选项B展示，选项C“证明，选项D“辨别均无此含义，且不符合文意。Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings dont abdicate,they dar

17、e in their sleep.But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down So,does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days?Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals

18、,with their magnificent un讦orms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.When public opinion is particularly polarised,as it was following the end of the Fra neo regime,monarchs can rise above mere politics and embody a spirit of national unity.It is t

19、his apparent transcendenee of politics that explains monarchs7 continuing popularity polarized And also,the Middle East excepted,Europe is the most mon arch-infested region in the world,with 10 kingdoms(not counting Vatican City and Andorra).But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and A

20、sia,most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure Even so,kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside.Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be,their very historyand sometimes the way they behave to

21、day 一 embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and in equalities At a time whe n Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democr

22、atic states.The most successful mon archies strive to aba ndon or hide their old aristocratic ways Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles,not horses(or helicopters).Even so,these are wealthy families who party with the in ternational 1%,and media intrusive ness makes it in creasi ngl

23、y difficult to maintai n the right image While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart eno ugh to survive for some time to come,it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary(if well-h

24、eeled)gra nny style.The dan ger will come with Charles,who has both an expe nsive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service 一 as non-controversial and no apolitical heads of state.Ch

25、arles ought to know that as English history shows,it is kings,not 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎下载 republicans,who are the monarchys worst enemies 21.According to the first two Paragraphs,King Juan Carlos of Spain A used turn enjoy high public support B was unpopular among Europea

26、n royals C cased his relati on ship with his rivals D ended his reign in embarrassment【答案】D ended his reign in embarrassment【解析】事实细节题。根据题干要求，定位到文章前两段。而文章第一段的第二句话提到“But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and st

27、and down.w（在最近的欧洲选举中，令人尴尬的丑闻和受欢迎的共和党，均迫 使Carlos收回前言并退位）。D选项中，stand down是end reign的同义置换，且embarrassment与 导致Carlos卸任的原因embarrassing scandals是相呼应的。故D是正确答案。A、B、C均属于无中生 有。22.h/lonarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly A owing to their undoubted and respectable status B to achieve a balanee betw

28、een tradition and reality C to give voter more public figures to look up to D due to their everlasting political embodiment【答案A owing to their undoubted and respectable status【解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词monarchs和heads of state,定位到第三段的最后一句 话.most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid t

29、he difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.w（大多数的王室幸存下来是ill于他们让选民可以避免去寻 找一个不受争议且受尊敬的公众人物的困难）其中non-controversial but respected public figure正是A 选项中undoubted and respectable status的同义置换。故A是正确答案。23.Which of the following is shown to be odd,according to Paragraph 4?A Aristoc

30、rats excessive relianee on inherited wealth B The role of the nobility in modern democracies C The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families D The nobilitys adherence to their privileges【答案B The role of the nobility in modern democracies 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎下载 【解析】事实

31、细节题。定位在第四段的最后句话.it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.（离奇的是，富有的贵族竟然仍是现代民 主国家的象征核心）其中，the symbolic heart of modern democratic states 是题干 the role of the nobility in modern democracies 的同义置换。24.The British royals have most to fe

32、ar because Charles A takes a rough line on political issues B fails to change his lifestyle as advised C takes republicans as his potential allies D fails to adapt himself to his future role【答案】D fails to adapt himself to his future role【解析】事实细节题。该题考查：英国皇家贵族们非常害怕是因为查尔斯.。根据题干专有名 词 Charles 可定位到文章第七段th

33、e danger will come with Charles.worst enemies。本段指岀危险源 自于查尔斯，他生活奢靡，等级观念显著;并且他没有意识到君王的幸存很大程度上取决于君王提供 了公共服务，同时，查尔斯并不知道，国王才是君主制度最大的敌人，而非共和党人。选项A意为:对待政治问题态度强硬，文章并无提及;选项B意为，对待建议的生活方式改变失败，文章中提到生 活方式，但并未提到改变生活方式;选项C意为：视共和党人为潜在盟友，文章中提到，共和党人并 非最大的敌人，并未指明把共和党人视为盟友，属于偷换概念，选项D意为：适应未来身份失败，文章指岀查尔斯的生活方式，世界观以及他对于君王制

34、度的错误理解均为身份特殊的他的不正确言 行，与选项D表述吻合，故为正确答案。25.Which of the following is the best title of the text?A Carlos,Glory and Disgrace Combined B Charles,Anxious to Succeed to the Throne C Carlos,a Lesson for All European Monarchs DjCharles,Slow to React to the Coming Threats【答案】C Carlos,a Lesson for All Europea

35、n Monarchs【解析】主旨大意题。该题考察四个选项中哪个可作为文章最佳标题。文章从西班牙国王Carlos 退位事件切入，主要讨论当下欧洲君王制度所存在的问题，并非讨论查尔斯的事件，即可排除选项的查 尔斯一继位焦虑和D查尔斯一应对威胁缓慢，而选项A卡洛斯一荣辱并存和C卡洛斯一欧洲君欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎下载 王们的前车之鉴中，选项A属于细节信息，不能概括文章大意，选项C可概括，故为正确答案。另 外，文章主题词Monarch只有在选项C中出现，也可作为迅速解题的依据。Text 2 Just how much does

36、 the Constitution protect your digital data?The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that

37、upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.It is hard,the state argues,forjudges to assess the implications of new and rapidly cha nging tech no logies The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias advice En

38、ough of the implications are discernoble,even obvious,so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police,lawyers and defendants They should start by discardi ng Cal 讦 ornias lame argume nt that exploring the con tents of a smart phone a vast storehouse of digital information is

39、 similar to,say,rifling through a suspects purse The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.But exploring ones smart phone is more like entering his or her home A smart phone may con tain an arres

40、tees readi ng history,financial history,medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.The development of cloud computing/7 meanwhile,has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy.But keeping sensitive information on the

41、se devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitutions prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case,stating that principle doesnt ease the challenge of line-drawing In many c

42、ases,it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtai n a warra nt to search through phone con tents They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe,urgent circumstances,and they could take reas on able measures to en sure that phone data are not erased or altered

43、while a warra nt is pending.The court,though,may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom But the justices should not swallow Cal讦ornias argument whole New,disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections.Orin

44、 Kerr,a law professor,compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th:The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then;they must sort o

45、ut how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26.The Supreme Court will work out whether,during an arrest,it is legitimate to A prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎下载 B search for suspects mobile phones without a warra

46、nt C check suspects phone con tents without being authorized D prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones【答案】C check suspects phone con tents without being authorized【解析】这是一道事实细节题，根据题干关键词The Supreme Court回文定位到第一段的第二句 话,The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search for the conte

47、nts of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest-比对选项，原文中的police can search for the con tents of a mobile phone without a warra nt与选项 C check suspects phone contents without being authorized是同义替换，其他选项均是无关选项。27.The authors attitude toward Californias argu

48、ment is one of A disapproval.B indifference.C tolerance Djcautious ness.【答案】A disapproval【解析】本题是观点态度题，考察作者的态度。根据题干关键词Californias argument,可以定 位到文章第四段笫一句They should start by discarding Californias lame argument.。山第四段第一句 话中的discard（抛弃）和lame（没有说服力的）可以看出作者对于Californias argument是不支持的态 度，因此选A。28.The autho

49、r believes that exploring ones phone con tents is comparable to A getting into ones residence B handling ones historical records.C seanning ones correspondences D going through ones wallet.答案】A getting into onel residence 解析】根据题干关键词 the author believes 和exploring ones phone contents is comparable to

50、可 回文定位到文章第四段第三句But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home,选 项 A 语义与之一致，其中，getting into 与 entering 对应,ones residence 与 his or her home 对应，故 A选项为正确答案。29.The author believes that exploring ones phone con tents is comparable to 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎下载