2011年英语一考研真题及答案.pdf

《2011年英语一考研真题及答案.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2011年英语一考研真题及答案.pdf（9页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Section Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher viewed laughter as“a bolidy eercise preicious to heath.”But 1 some claims

2、 to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness.Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,3 heart rate and oxygen consummption,But because hard laughter is difficult to 4,a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the,say,walki

3、ng ot jogging does6,instead of straining muscles to bulid them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes the 7,studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter 8 muscles,decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9

4、 the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act og laughing probably does 11 one classical theory of emtion,our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions.It was argued at the end of 19th centry that humens do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad when the tears begins to flow Alt

5、hiugh sadness also 14 tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses.In an experimemt published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wiirzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen eigher with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile-or with t

6、heir lips,which would produce a(n)17 expression.Those forced to exercise thrie enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown,19 that expression may influence emotions rather than just the other way around 20,the physical act of laughter could improve mood 1

7、.A among B except Cdespite D like 2.A reflect Bdemend Cindicate Dproduce 3.A stabilizing B boosting C impairing D determining 4.A transmit Bsustain C evaluate D observe 5.A measurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable 6.A In turn B In fact C In addition D In brief 7.A opposite Bimpossible Caverage

8、D expected 8.A hardens B weakens C tightens Drelaxes 9.A aggravate B generate C morderate D enhance 10.A physical B mental C subcinscious Dintermal 11.A Except for B According to C Due to D As for 12.A with B on C in Dat 13.A unless B until C if D because 14.A exhausts B follows C precedes D supress

9、es 15.A into Bform C towards D beyond 16.A fecth B form C pick D hold 17.A disappointed B excited C joyful D indifferent 18.A adapted B catered C turned D reacted 19.A suggesting B requiring C mentioning D supposing 20.A Eventually B Consequently C Similatly D Conversely Section Reading Comprehensio

10、n Part A Directions:Reading the following fours texts.Answer the question below each text by Choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text 1 The decision of the New York philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world

11、 ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.For the most part,the response has been favorable,to say the least“Hooray!A t last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini,a sober-sided classical-music critic 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！One of the reason why the appiontment came as

12、 such a surprise,however,is that Gilber is commparatively little known Even Tommasini,who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times,calls him“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hither

13、to been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that semms likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint prwise For my part,I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure,be performs an impressive variety of interesting composition,but it

14、 is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall,or anywhere else,to hear interesting orchestral music.All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf,or boot up my computer amd download still more recorded music form iTumes Devoted concertgoers who reply that recording are no substitute for live perfor

15、mance are missing the point.For the time,attention,and money of the art-loving public,classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses,dance troupes,theeater companies,and museums,but also with the recorsed performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.There rec

16、ording are cheap,available everwhere,and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays choosing.The widespread availabilyty of such recording has thus brought about a ctisis in the institution of the traditional classical councert One possible reponse is for classical performers to program

17、attravtive new music that is not yet available on recors.Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted:Alex Ross,a classical-music critic,has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Phiharmonic into“a markedly different,more vibrant organization”But what will be the nature of

18、 that difference?Merely,expanding the orchestras repertorre will not be enough.If Gilbert and thr Philharmonic are to succeed,they must first change the relationship between Americaa olderest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para 1 that Gilberts appointment has Ainc

19、ured criticism Braised suspicion Craceived acclaim Daround curiousity 22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is Ainfluential Bmodest Crespectable Dtalented 23.The auther believes that the devoted concertgoers Aingore the expense of live performance Breject most kinds of recorded performance C

20、exaggerate the variety of live performanc Doverestimate the variety of live performance 24.According to the text,which of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often interror to live concerts in quality BThey are easily accessible to the genral public CThey help improve the quality of music

21、DThey have only convered masterpieces 25.Regarding Gilberts role in revitalixing the Philharmonic,the authir feels Adoubtful Benthusisastic Cconfident Dpuzzled Text 2 When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his expanation was surprisingly straight up.Rather than cloaking h

22、is exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out and said he was leaving 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！to presue my goal of running a company,broadcasting his ambition was very much my decision,McGee says.Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartf

23、ord Financial Services Group,which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.MaGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to refect on what kind of company he wanted to run.It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations.And McGee isnt alone.In recent weeks t

24、he NO.2 executives Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery

25、 begin to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net.In the third quarter,CEo turnover was down 23%from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had,according to Liberum Research.As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.Th

26、e decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Krn Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey,I cant think of a single search Ive done w

27、here a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly.Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age,saying she wanted to be a CEO.It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commoditied e

28、xchange.Robert Willumstad left CItigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO.He finally took that post at a major financial institurion three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a

29、 bad on.The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are,bu thats been fundamentally inverted,says one headhunter.The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long 26.When McGee announced his departure,his manner can best be described as being()A.Arrogant B.frank C.self-ce

30、ntered D.impulsive 27.According to Paragraph 2,senior executives quitting may be spurred by()A.their expectation of better financial status B.their need to reflect on their private life C.their strained relations with the boards D.their pursuit of new career goals 28.The word poached(Line3,Paragraph

31、 4)most probably means()A.approved of B.attended to C.hunted for D.guarded against 29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that()A.top performers used to cling to their posts B.loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated C.top performers care more about reputations D.its safer to stick to t

32、he traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.CEOs:where to GO?B.CEOs:All the Way Up?C.Top managers Jump without a Net D.The Only way out for Top Performers Text 3 The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.No longer.While traditi

33、onal paid media-such as television commercials and print advertisements-still play a major role,companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.Consumers passionate about a product may 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！create owned media by sending e-mail alerts about produc

34、ts and sales to customers registered with its Webe site.The way consumenrs now approatch the board range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paind and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.For earned media,such marketers act as the initiators for users responses.

35、But in some cases,one marketers owned media become another marketers paid media-for instance,when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.We difine such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong tha other organization palce their content or e-commerce engines within that env

36、ironment.Thies trend,which we believe is still in its infance,effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further John&JOhnson,for example,has created BabyCenter,a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive p

37、roducts.Besides generating income,the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective,gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies marketing,and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological chang

38、es that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse)communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker,more visible,and much more damaging ways.Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media:an asset or campaign become host

39、age to consumers,other stakeholders,or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product.Members of social networks,for instance,are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesse that originally created them.If that happends,passinate consumers would try to pe

40、rsuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation of the target company at risk.In such a case,the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful,and the learning curve has been steep.Toyota Motor,for example,alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this yea

41、r with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign,which included efforts to engage with consumers directly sites such as Twitter and the social-news sit Digg.31.Consumers may creat earned media when they are()A.obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites B.inspire

42、d by product-promoting e-mails sent to them C.eager to help their friends promote quality products D.enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products 32.According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature()A.a safe business environment B.random competition C.Strong user traffic D.flexibility in organ

43、ization 33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media()A.invite constant conflicts with passinate consumers B.can be used to produce negative effects in marketing C.may be responsible for fiercer competition D.deserve all the getative comments about them 34.Toyota Motors experience is cit

44、ed as an example of()A.responding effectively to hijacked media B.persuading customers into boycotting products C.cooperating with supportive consumers D.taking advantage of hijacked media 35.Which of the following is the text mainly about?A.Alternatives to conventional paid media B.Conflict between

45、 hijacked and earned media C.Dominance of hijacked media D.Popularity of owned media Text 4 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful,provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I Hate My Life,”is arousing much chatter-nothing gets peopl

46、e talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness,instead of thinking of it as something that can be measur

47、ed by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writes that“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The

48、magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.There are also stories about newly adoptive-and newly single-mom Sandra Bullock,as well as the usual“Jennifer Aniston is pregnant”news.Practically every week features at

49、 least one celebrity mom,or mom-to-be,smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation,o sot any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing?It doesnt seem quite fair,then,to compare the regrets of parent to

50、 the regrets of the children.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldnt have had kids,but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world:obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size ho