最新庄子ZhuangziPPT课件.ppt

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1、庄子庄子ZhuangziZhuangzi-2-Minder Chen,2012The Happiness of FishZhuangziandHuiziwerestrollingalongthedamoftheHaoWaterfallwhenZhuangzisaid,Seehowtheminnowscomeoutanddartaroundwheretheyplease!Thatswhatfishreallyenjoy!Huizisaid,Yourenotafishhowdoyouknowwhatfishenjoy?Zhuangzisaid,Yourenotme,sohowdoyouknowId

2、ontknowwhatfishenjoy?Huizisaid,Imnotyou,soIcertainlydontknowwhatyouknow.Ontheotherhand,yourecertainlynotafishsothatstillprovesyoudontknowwhatfishenjoy!Zhuangzisaid,Letsgobacktoyouroriginalquestion,please.YouaskedmehowIknowwhatfishenjoysoyoualreadyknewIknewitwhenyouaskedthequestion.Iknowitbystandingh

3、erebesidetheHaoriver.(17,tr.Watson1968:188-9)-3-Minder Chen,2012-4-Minder Chen,2012-5-Minder Chen,2012-6-Minder Chen,2012-7-Minder Chen,2012-8-Minder Chen,2012-9-Minder Chen,2012Usefulness of Giant Gourds-10-Minder Chen,2012The Butterfly DreamOnceZhuangzidreamthewasabutterfly,abutterflyflittingandfl

4、utteringaround,happywithhimselfanddoingashepleased.HedidntknowhewasZhuangzi.Suddenlyhewokeupandtherehewas,solidandunmistakableZhuangzi.ButhedidntknowifhewasZhuangziwhohaddreamthewasabutterfly,orabutterflydreaminghewasZhuangzi.BetweenZhuangziandabutterflytheremustbesomedistinction!ThisiscalledtheTran

5、sformationofThings.(2,tr.BurtonWatson1968:49)昔者莊周夢為蝴蝶，栩栩然昔者莊周夢為蝴蝶，栩栩然蝴蝶也，自喻適志與，不知蝴蝶也，自喻適志與，不知周也。俄然覺，則蘧蘧然周周也。俄然覺，則蘧蘧然周也。不知周之夢為蝴蝶與，也。不知周之夢為蝴蝶與，蝴蝶之夢為周與？周與蝴蝶蝴蝶之夢為周與？周與蝴蝶則必有分矣。此之謂物化。則必有分矣。此之謂物化。-11-Minder Chen,2012The Butterfly Dream-12-Minder Chen,2012The Mind as a MirrorThePerfectManuseshismindlikeamir

6、ror-goingafternothing,welcomingnothing,respondingbutnotstoring.Thereforehecanwinoutoverthingsandnothurthimself.-Chapter7FitforEmperorsandKings至人之用心若鏡，不將不迎，應而不藏，故能勝物而不傷。應帝王-13-Minder Chen,2012Seven OpeningsTheEmperoroftheSouthSeaisknownasChange.TheEmperoroftheNorthSeaiscalledDramatic.TheEmperoroftheC

7、enteriscalledChaos.ChangeandDramaticmeteverysooftenintheregionofChaos.Chaosalwaystreatedthemkindlyandvirtuously.ChangeandDramaticsaid,“Everyonehassevenorifices(openings)sotheycansee,hear,eatandbreathe.Chaosdoesnothavethese.Letusboresomeholesintohimforhim.”EachdaytheyboredaholeintoChaos.butontheseven

8、thdayChaosdied.南海之帝為儵，北海之帝為忽，中央之帝為渾沌。儵與忽時相下遇於渾沌之地，渾沌待之甚善。儵與忽謀報渾沌之德，曰：人皆有七竅以視聽食息，此獨無有，嘗試鑿之。日鑿一竅，七日而渾沌死。莊子應帝王-14-Minder Chen,2012大宗師大宗師-TheGreatandMostHonouredMaster古之真人，其寢不夢，其覺無憂，其食不甘，其息古之真人，其寢不夢，其覺無憂，其食不甘，其息深深。真人之息以踵，眾人之息以喉。屈服者，其深深。真人之息以踵，眾人之息以喉。屈服者，其嗌言若哇。其耆欲深者，其天機淺。嗌言若哇。其耆欲深者，其天機淺。TheTruemenofolddi

9、dnotdreamwhentheyslept,hadnoanxietywhentheyawoke,anddidnotcarethattheirfoodshouldbepleasant.Theirbreathingcamedeepandsilently.Thebreathingofthetruemancomes(even)fromhisheels,whilemengenerallybreathe(only)fromtheirthroats.Whenmenaredefeatedinargument,theirwordscomefromtheirgulletsasiftheywerevomiting

10、.Wherelustsanddesiresaredeep,thespringsoftheHeavenlyareshallow.-15-Minder Chen,2012朝三朝三暮暮四四 PoliciesofRationingNutsforMonkey-16-Minder Chen,2012齊物論齊物論-TheAdjustmentofControversies其分也，成也；其成也，毀也。凡物無成與毀，復通為其分也，成也；其成也，毀也。凡物無成與毀，復通為一。唯達者知通為一，為是不用而寓諸庸。庸也者，用一。唯達者知通為一，為是不用而寓諸庸。庸也者，用也；用也者，通也；通也者，得也。適得而幾矣。因是也

11、；用也者，通也；通也者，得也。適得而幾矣。因是已。已而不知其然，謂之道。勞神明為一，而不知其同已。已而不知其然，謂之道。勞神明為一，而不知其同也，謂之朝三。何謂朝三？也，謂之朝三。何謂朝三？Itwasseparationthatledtocompletion;fromcompletionensueddissolution.Butallthings,withoutregardtotheircompletionanddissolution,mayagainbecomprehendedintheirunity-itisonlythefarreachinginthoughtwhoknowhowtoco

12、mprehendtheminthisunity.Thisbeingso,letusgiveupourdevotiontoourownviews,andoccupyourselveswiththeordinaryviews.Theseordinaryviewsaregroundedontheuseofthings.(Thestudyofthat)useleadstothecomprehensivejudgment,andthatjudgmentsecuresthesuccess(oftheinquiry).Thatsuccessgained,wearenear(totheobjectofours

13、earch),andtherewestop.Whenwestop,andyetwedonotknowhowitisso,wehavewhatiscalledtheDao.Whenwetoilourspiritsandintelligence,obstinatelydetermined(toestablishourownview),anddonotknowtheagreement(whichunderliesitandtheviewsofothers).-17-Minder Chen,2012朝三朝三暮暮四四狙公賦芧，曰：朝三而狙公賦芧，曰：朝三而暮暮四。眾狙皆怒。曰：四。眾狙皆怒。曰：然則朝四

14、而然則朝四而暮暮三。眾狙皆悅。名實未虧，而喜三。眾狙皆悅。名實未虧，而喜怒為用，亦因是也。是以聖人和之以是非，而休乎怒為用，亦因是也。是以聖人和之以是非，而休乎天鈞，是之謂兩行。天鈞，是之謂兩行。Akeeperofmonkeys,ingivingthemouttheiracorns,(once)said,InthemorningIwillgiveyouthree(measures)andintheeveningfour.Thismadethemallangry,andhesaid,Verywell.InthemorningIwillgiveyoufourandintheeveningthree

15、.Histwoproposalsweresubstantiallythesame,buttheresultoftheonewastomakethecreaturesangry,andoftheothertomakethempleased-anillustrationofthepointIaminsistingon.Thereforethesagelymanbringstogetheradisputeinitsaffirmationsanddenials,andrestsintheequalfashioningofHeaven.Bothsidesofthequestionareadmissibl

16、e.-18-Minder Chen,2012Robbers TaoAnapprenticetoRobberChehaskedhimsaying,“IstherethenTao(moralprinciples)amongthieves?TellmeifthereisanythinginwhichthereisnotTao,Chehreplied.“Theleaderofthievesneedstohavetheintelligencetoknowwheretreasuresarelocated,thecouragetogoinfirst,andthechivalryofcomingoutlast

17、.Thereisthewisdomofcalculatingsuccess,andkindnessintheequaldivisionofthespoil.Therehasneveryetbeenagreatrobberwhowasnotpossessedofthesefiveleadershipqualities.“TaoTheWay.Chapter10:RiflingTrucks胠篋胠篋-19-Minder Chen,2012盜亦有道盜亦有道故盜跖之徒問於跖曰：盜亦有道乎？故盜跖之徒問於跖曰：盜亦有道乎？跖曰：何適而無有道邪？跖曰：何適而無有道邪？夫妄意室中之藏，聖也；夫妄意室中之藏，聖也

18、；入先，勇也；入先，勇也；出後，義也；出後，義也；知可否，知也；知可否，知也；分均，仁也。分均，仁也。五者不備而能成大盜者，天下未之有也。五者不備而能成大盜者，天下未之有也。-20-Minder Chen,2012Cook Ting(庖丁解牛庖丁解牛)CookTingwascuttingupanoxforLordWen-hui.Ateverytouchofhishand,everyheaveofhisshoulder,everymoveofhisfeet,everythrustofhisknee-zip!zoop!Heslitheredtheknifealongwithazing,andall

19、wasinperfectrhythm,asthoughhewereperformingthedanceoftheMulberryGroveorkeepingtimetotheChing-shoumusic.Ah,thisismarvelous!saidLordWen-hui.Imagineskillreachingsuchheights!“FromTheSecretofCaringforLife養生主養生主http:/www.terebess.hu/english/chuangtzu.html-21-Minder Chen,2012Cook TingCookTinglaiddownhiskni

20、feandreplied,What I care about is the Way,which goes What I care about is the Way,which goes beyond skillbeyond skill.WhenIfirstbegancuttingupoxen,allIcouldseewastheoxitself.AfterthreeyearsI no longer saw the whole oxI no longer saw the whole ox.Andnow-nowIgoatitbyspiritanddontlookwithmyeyes.Percept

21、ionandunderstandinghavecometoastopandspiritmoveswhereitwants.Igoalongwiththenaturalmakeup,strikeinthebighollows,guidetheknifethroughthebigopenings,andfollowthingsastheyare.SoInevertouchthesmallestligamentortendon,muchlessamainjoint.-22-Minder Chen,2012Cook TingAgoodcookchangeshisknifeonceayear-becau

22、sehecuts.Amediocrecookchangeshisknifeonceamonth-becausehehacks.IvehadthisknifeofminefornineteenyearsandIvecutupthousandsofoxenwithit,andyetthebladeisasgoodasthoughithadjustcomefromthegrindstone.There are spaces between the jointsThere are spaces between the joints,andthebladeoftheknifehasreallynothi

23、ckness.Ifyouinsertwhathasnothicknessintosuchspaces,thentheresplentyofroom-morethanenoughforthebladetoplayaboutit.Thatswhyafternineteenyearsthebladeofmyknifeisstillasgoodaswhenitfirstcamefromthegrindstone.-23-Minder Chen,2012Cook TingHowever,whenever I come to a complicated However,whenever I come to

24、 a complicated place,I size up the difficulties,tell myself to place,I size up the difficulties,tell myself to watch out and be careful,keep my eyes on what watch out and be careful,keep my eyes on what Im doing,work very slowly,and move the knife Im doing,work very slowly,and move the knife with th

25、e greatest subtlety,until-flopwith the greatest subtlety,until-flop!Thewholethingcomesapartlikeaclodofearthcrumblingtotheground.Istandthereholdingtheknifeandlookallaroundme,completelysatisfiedandreluctanttomoveon,andthenIwipe off the knife and put it awaywipe off the knife and put it away.Excellent!

26、saidLordWen-hui.IhaveheardthewordsofCookTingandlearned how to care learned how to care for lifefor life!-24-Minder Chen,2012庖丁解牛庖丁解牛庖丁為文惠君解牛，手之所觸，肩之所倚，足之所履，膝庖丁為文惠君解牛，手之所觸，肩之所倚，足之所履，膝之所踦，砉然嚮然，奏刀騞然，莫不中音。合於之所踦，砉然嚮然，奏刀騞然，莫不中音。合於桑林桑林之舞，乃中之舞，乃中經首經首之會。文惠君曰：譆！善哉！之會。文惠君曰：譆！善哉！技技蓋蓋至此乎？庖丁釋刀對曰：臣之所好者至此乎？庖丁釋刀對曰：臣

27、之所好者道道也，進乎技矣。也，進乎技矣。始臣之解牛之時，所見无非牛者。三年之後，未嘗見全牛始臣之解牛之時，所見无非牛者。三年之後，未嘗見全牛也。方今之時，臣也。方今之時，臣以神遇，而不以目視以神遇，而不以目視，官知止而神欲行。，官知止而神欲行。依乎天理，批大郤，導大窾，因其固然。技經肯綮之未嘗，依乎天理，批大郤，導大窾，因其固然。技經肯綮之未嘗，而況大軱乎！良庖歲更刀，割也；族庖月更刀，折也。今而況大軱乎！良庖歲更刀，割也；族庖月更刀，折也。今臣之刀十九年矣，所解數千牛矣，而刀刃若新發於硎。彼臣之刀十九年矣，所解數千牛矣，而刀刃若新發於硎。彼節者有間，而刀刃者无厚，節者有間，而刀刃者无厚，以无

28、厚入有間以无厚入有間，恢恢乎其於遊，恢恢乎其於遊刃必有餘地矣，是以十九年而刀刃若新發於硎。雖然，每刃必有餘地矣，是以十九年而刀刃若新發於硎。雖然，每至於族，吾見其難為，怵然為戒，視為止，行為遲。動刀至於族，吾見其難為，怵然為戒，視為止，行為遲。動刀甚微，謋然已解，如土委地。提刀而立，為之四顧，為之甚微，謋然已解，如土委地。提刀而立，為之四顧，為之躊躇滿志，善刀而藏之。文惠君曰：善哉！吾聞庖丁躊躇滿志，善刀而藏之。文惠君曰：善哉！吾聞庖丁之言，得養生焉。之言，得養生焉。-25-Minder Chen,2012Design Criteria:Cohesion and CouplingDecompo

29、sition:DivideandConquerModularization:Simple,stable,andclearlydefinedinterfaceforeachmodule,noneedtounderstandtheinternalstructureordesignofthemoduletouseit.DesignCriteria:Lowcouplingbetweenmodulesandhighcohesivenesswithinmodules25-26-Minder Chen,2012Huangdi Neijing 黃帝內經黃帝內經 素問上古天真論素問上古天真論昔在黃帝，生而神靈，

30、弱而能言，幼而徇齊，長而敦敏，成而登天。迺問於天師曰：余聞上古之人，春秋皆度百歲，而動作不衰；今時之人，年半百而動作皆衰者，時世異耶，人將失之耶。歧伯對曰：上古之人，其知道者，法於陰陽，和於術數，食飲有節，起居有常，不妄作勞，故能形與神俱，而盡終其天年，度百歲乃去。今時之人不然也，以酒為漿，以妄為常，醉以入房，以欲竭其精，以耗散其真，不知持滿，不時御神，務快其心，逆於生樂，起居無節，故半百而衰也。-27-Minder Chen,2012黃帝內經黃帝內經 素問上古天真論素問上古天真論夫上古聖人之教下也，皆謂之虛邪賊風，避之有時，恬惔虛旡，真氣從之，精神內守，病安從來。是以志閑而少欲，心安而不懼，

31、形勞而不倦，氣從以順，各從其欲，皆得所願。故美其食，任其服，樂其俗，高下不相慕，其民故曰朴。是以嗜欲不能勞其目，淫邪不能惑其心，愚智賢不肖不懼於物，故合於道。所以能年皆度百歲，而動作不衰者，以其德全不危也。-28-Minder Chen,2012A Happy Excursion of a Free SpiritReadhttp:/ctext.org/zhuangzi/enjoyment-in-untroubled-easeWhenthePeng(ahugebird)ismigratingtotheSouthernOceanitflaps(itswings)onthewaterfor3000m

32、iles.Thenitascendsonawhirlwind(jetstream)inJune90,000mileshighThelittlequaillaughsathim(Peng),saying,Wheredoeshethinkhesgoing?Igiveagreatleapandflyup,butInevergetmorethantenortwelveyardsbeforeIcomedownflutteringamongtheweedsandbrambles.Andthatsthebestkindofflyinganyway!Wheredoeshethinkhesgoing?Suchi

33、sthedifferencebetweenbigandlittle.-29-Minder Chen,2012Big vs.Small 北冥有魚，其名為鯤。鯤之大，不知其幾千里也。化而為鳥，其名為鵬。鵬之背，不知其幾千里也；怒而飛，其翼若垂天之雲。是鳥也，海運則將徙於南冥。南冥者，天池也。齊諧者，志怪者也。諧之言曰：鵬之徙於南冥也，水擊三千里，摶扶搖而上者九萬里，去以六月息者也。蜩與學鳩笑之曰：我決起而飛，槍榆、枋，時則不至而控於地而已矣，奚以之九萬里而南為？消遙遊-30-Minder Chen,2012Fighting at the Snails horns on His Headhttp:/

34、 Chen,2012則陽則陽-Ze-yang惠子聞之而見戴晉人。戴晉人曰：有所謂蝸惠子聞之而見戴晉人。戴晉人曰：有所謂蝸者，君知之乎？曰：然。有國於蝸之者，君知之乎？曰：然。有國於蝸之左角者曰觸氏，有國於蝸之右角者曰蠻氏，時左角者曰觸氏，有國於蝸之右角者曰蠻氏，時相與爭地而戰，伏尸數萬，逐北旬有五日而後相與爭地而戰，伏尸數萬，逐北旬有五日而後反。君曰：噫！其虛言與？曰：臣請反。君曰：噫！其虛言與？曰：臣請為君實之。君以意在四方上下有窮乎？君曰：為君實之。君以意在四方上下有窮乎？君曰：無窮。曰：知遊心於無窮，而反在通達無窮。曰：知遊心於無窮，而反在通達之國，若存若亡乎？君曰：然。曰：之國，若存若

35、亡乎？君曰：然。曰：通達之中有魏，於魏中有梁，於梁中有王。王通達之中有魏，於魏中有梁，於梁中有王。王與蠻氏，有辯乎？君曰：無辯。客出而與蠻氏，有辯乎？君曰：無辯。客出而君惝然若有亡也。君惝然若有亡也。-32-Minder Chen,2012Huizi,having heard of this counsel,introduced to the king Dai Jin-ren,who said,There is the creature called a snail;does your majesty know it?I do.On the left horn of the snail the

36、re is a kingdom which is called Provocation,and on the right horn another which is called Stupidity.These two kingdoms are continually striving about their territories and fighting.The corpses that lie on the ground amount to several myriads.The army of one may be defeated and put to flight,but in f

37、ifteen days it will return.The king said,Pooh!that is empty talk!The other rejoined,Your servant begs to show your majesty its real significance.When your majesty thinks of space-east,west,north,and south,above and beneath-can you set any limit to it?It is illimitable,said the king;and his visitor w

38、ent on,Your majesty knows how to let your mind thus travel through the illimitable,and yet(as compared with this)does it not seem insignificant whether the kingdoms that communicate one with another exist or not?The king replies,It does so;and Dai Jin-ren said,finally,Among those kingdoms,stretching

39、 one after another,there is this Wei;in Wei there is this(city of)Liang;and in Liang there is your majesty.Can you make any distinction between yourself,and(the king of that kingdom of)Stupidity?To this the king answered,There is no distinction,and his visitor went out,while the king remained discon

40、certed and seemed to have lost himself.-33-Minder Chen,2012對酒對酒(白居易白居易)蝸牛角上爭何事，石火光中寄此身。蝸牛角上爭何事，石火光中寄此身。隨富隨貧且歡樂，不開口笑是痴人。隨富隨貧且歡樂，不開口笑是痴人。http:/ Chen,2012徐無鬼黃帝將見大隗乎具茨之山，方明為御，昌宇驂乘，黃帝將見大隗乎具茨之山，方明為御，昌宇驂乘，張若、謵朋前馬，昆閽、滑稽後車。至於襄城之野，張若、謵朋前馬，昆閽、滑稽後車。至於襄城之野，七聖皆迷，無所問塗。適遇牧馬童子，問塗焉，曰：七聖皆迷，無所問塗。適遇牧馬童子，問塗焉，曰：若知具茨之山乎？曰：

41、然。若知大隗之若知具茨之山乎？曰：然。若知大隗之所存乎？曰：然。黃帝曰：異哉小童！非所存乎？曰：然。黃帝曰：異哉小童！非徒知具茨之山，又知大隗之所存。請問為天下。徒知具茨之山，又知大隗之所存。請問為天下。小童曰：夫為天下者，亦若此而已矣，又奚事焉小童曰：夫為天下者，亦若此而已矣，又奚事焉？予少而自遊於六合之內，予適有瞀病，有長者教？予少而自遊於六合之內，予適有瞀病，有長者教予曰：予曰：若乘日之車，而遊於襄城之野。若乘日之車，而遊於襄城之野。今予病今予病少痊，予又且復遊於六合之外。夫為天下，亦若此少痊，予又且復遊於六合之外。夫為天下，亦若此而已。予又奚事焉？黃帝曰：夫為天下者，則而已。予又奚事焉

42、？黃帝曰：夫為天下者，則誠非吾子之事。雖然，請問為天下。小童辭。黃誠非吾子之事。雖然，請問為天下。小童辭。黃帝又問。小童曰：夫為天下者，亦奚以異乎牧馬帝又問。小童曰：夫為天下者，亦奚以異乎牧馬者哉？亦去其害馬者而已矣。黃帝再拜稽首，稱者哉？亦去其害馬者而已矣。黃帝再拜稽首，稱天師而退。天師而退。-35-Minder Chen,2012Xu Wu-guiHuang-Di was going to see Da-gui at the hill of Ju-Zi.Fang Ming was acting as charioteer,and Chang Yu was occupying the thi

43、rd place in the carriage.Zhang Ruo and Xi Peng went before the horses;and Kun Hun and Gu Ji followed the carriage.When they arrived at the wild of Xiang-cheng,the seven sages were all perplexed,and could find no place at which to ask the way.just then they met with a boy tending some horses,and aske

44、d the way of him.Do you know,they said,the hill of Ju-zi?and he replied that he did.He also said that he knew where Da-gui was living.A strange boy is this!said Huang-Di.He not only knows the hill of Ju-zi,but he also knows where Fa-gui is living.Let me ask him about the government of mankind.The bo

45、y said,The administration of the kingdom is like this(which I am doing)-what difficulty should there be in it?When I was young,I enjoyed myself roaming over all within the six confines of the world of space,and then I began to suffer from indistinct sight.A wise elder taught me,saying,Ride in the ch

46、ariot of the sun,and roam in the wild of Xiang-cheng.Now the trouble in my eyes is a little better,and I am again enjoying myself roaming outside the six confines of the world of space.-36-Minder Chen,2012ContinuedAstothegovernmentofthekingdom,itislikethis(whichIamdoing)-whatdifficultyshouldtherebei

47、nit?Huang-Disaid,Theadministrationoftheworldisindeednotyourbusiness,myson;nevertheless,Ibegtoaskyouaboutit.Thelittleladdeclinedtoanswer,butonHuang-Diputtingthequestionagain,hesaid,Inwhatdoesthegovernorofthekingdomdifferfromhimwhohasthetendingofhorses,andwhohasonlytoputawaywhateverinhimwouldinjurethe

48、horses?Huang-Dibowedtohimtwicewithhisheadtotheground,calledhimhisHeavenlyMaster,andwithdrew.-37-Minder Chen,2012No Self,No Achievement,and No Fame故曰：至人無己，神人無功，聖人無名。故曰：至人無己，神人無功，聖人無名。Soitsbeensaid:Aperfectedpersoniswithoutasenseofself.Aspiritualpersoniswithoutasenseofachievement.Awisepersoniswithouta

49、senseofentitlement.-http:/ Chen,2012ReferencesZhuangziBilingualChinese-Englishversion(JamesLeggestranslation)athttp:/ctext.org/zhuangzi/inner-chaptersTheZhuangziBeingBoundless,CompletetranslationofZhuangzibyNinaCorreaTheChuang-tzu,aselectionandtranslationbyLinYutangSelectionfromThe Zhuangzi,translat

50、edbyPatriciaEbreyTheCompleteWorksOfChuangTzu,translatedbyBurtonWatsonZhuangzi,translatedbyA.CharlesMullerSource:http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi_(book)-39-Minder Chen,2012Referenceshttp:/history.cultural- Chen,2012Tao Zhugong(The Father of Chinese Business)TaoZhugong/FanLiwasunusualamongtycoonsf