初中被动语态讲解.教学内容.ppt

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1、Cindy第一页，共27页。英语动词英语动词(dngc)有两种语态：有两种语态：主动语态主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态被动语态(thePassiveVoice)A.主动主动(zhdng)语态表示主语是动作的执行者。语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示被动语态表示(biosh)主语是动作的承受者。主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态第二页，共27页。WespeakEnglish.主语主语(zhy)谓语谓语(wiy)宾语宾语(bny)Engli

2、shisspokenbyus.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天他们打扫了教室。昨天他们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday.昨天教室被他们打扫了。昨天教室被他们打扫了。第三页，共27页。1.一般现在时：一般现在时：is/am/are+及物动词的过去及物动词的过去(guq)分词分词2.一般过去一般过去(guq)时：时：was/were+及物动词的过去及物动词的过去(guq)分词分词3.现在现在/过去过去(guq)完成时：完成时：has/have/had+

3、been+及物及物动词的过去动词的过去(guq)分词分词4.一般将来时：一般将来时：will+be+及物动词的过去及物动词的过去(guq)分词分词5.含有情态动词：情态动词含有情态动词：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去及物动词的过去(guq)分词分词6.现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去及物动词的过去(guq)分词分词歌诀歌诀(gju)：被动语态：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面字变，过去分词跟后面第四页，共27页。(一一)被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法:当句子的主语是动作当句子的主语是动作(dngzu)(dngzu)的执行者时，谓的执行者时，谓语的形式是主

4、动语态。当语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作句子的主语是动作(dngzu)(dngzu)的承受者时，谓的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词态由助动词be+be+过去分词过去分词构成，时态通过构成，时态通过bebe表现出表现出来。来。第五页，共27页。be+过去分词过去分词(二二)被动语态的基本被动语态的基本(jbn)(jbn)结构结构:有各种时态有各种时态(shti)的变化的变化第六页，共27页。1.1.规则规则(guz)(guz)动词的过去动词的过去分词：分词：1)1)一般情况在动词一般情况在动词(dngc)(dngc)原形后加原形后加-ed-edwatc

5、h-watched2)2)以不发音以不发音(f yn)e(f yn)e结尾的加结尾的加-d dpractice-practiced3)3)以辅音加以辅音加y y结尾的，去结尾的，去y y变变i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加辅音字母，再加-ed-edstop-stopped2.2.不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone动词过去分词的变化动词过去分词的变化:第

6、七页，共27页。1.Now English _ by more and more people all over the word.A.speaks B.is spoken C.was spoken一般现在一般现在(xinzi)时的被动语态：时的被动语态：主语主语+am/is/are+PP第八页，共27页。2.The lost boy _ at the street corner last night.A.was found B.is found C.was looked for一般一般(ybn)过去时的被动语态：过去时的被动语态：主语主语+was/were+PP第九页，共27页。3.More

7、 man-made satellites _ in the future.A.will send up B.will be sent up C.are sent up一般一般(ybn)将来时的被动语态：将来时的被动语态：主语主语+will+be+PP主语主语+be going to+be+PP第十页，共27页。4.Three bridges _ since last year.A.have built B.were built C.have been built现在现在(xinzi)完成时的被动语完成时的被动语态：态：主语主语+have/has+been+PP第十一页，共27页。5.Flowe

8、rs _ every day.A.has been watered B.should be watered C.should water含有含有(hn yu)情态动词的被动语情态动词的被动语态：态：情态动词情态动词+be+PP第十二页，共27页。(四四)主动语态变被动语态主动语态变被动语态:(1)(1)把原来的宾语提到前面把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语作被动语态的主语;(2)(2)把谓语动词变成被动结把谓语动词变成被动结构构(be(be过去分词过去分词)()(根据根据被动语态句子里的主语的被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来语态句子中动

9、词的时态来决定决定bebe的形式的形式(xngsh)(xngsh)。(3)(3)把主动语态中的主语放把主动语态中的主语放在介词在介词byby之后作宾语，将之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。如：主格改为宾格。如：They make the bikes in They make the bikes in the factory.the factory.The bikesThe bikesinthefactory.are madethemby第十三页，共27页。主变被步骤主变被步骤(bzhu):(bzhu):1.找宾语找宾语:即动作即动作(dngzu)的承受者的承受者(改为改为主语主语)Hewashedh

10、iscaryesterday.Hiscar3.判断新主语判断新主语(zhy)的单复数的单复数:确定确定be动词的单复动词的单复数数.be4.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态:即即be动词的时态动词的时态.2.修改谓语的语态修改谓语的语态:即即be+原原V.过去分词过去分词washed5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语:即即by+主语主语(变宾格变宾格).(byhim)yesterday.iswaswas第十四页，共27页。1.Tombrokethewindow.Thewindow2.Shebrokethewindows.Thewindows3.Hecleanstheclassroomeveryday

11、.Theclassroomwasbroken byTom.werebrokenbyher.iscleaned byhimbe动词动词(dngc)的单的单复数变化复数变化:everyday.第十五页，共27页。1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkintendays.willbefinished(bythem)2.Theyaregoingtohaveashowtomorrow.Ashowisgoingtobehad(bythem)tomorrow.第十六页，共27页。1.AmycantakegoodcareofthecatThecatcanbetaken

12、goodcareofbyAmy.2.Theyshouldsingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongsbythem.shouldbesung 第十七页，共27页。(四四)被动语态的特殊被动语态的特殊(tsh)(tsh)情况情况:1.在主动语态中在主动语态中,make,let,hear,see,watch,notice等词等词,其后跟省略其后跟省略to的动词的动词(dngc)不定不定式式(动词动词(dngc)原形原形),在变为被动语态时在变为被动语态时,必必须还原动词须还原动词(dngc)不定式符号不定式符号to.如如:1)Weheardhimsingthis

13、songintheroom.Hewasheardtosingthissongintheroom.2)Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Hewasmadetowork14hoursaday.3)Iseehimwalktoschool.Heisseentowalktoschool.第十八页，共27页。Atrafficaccident_(happen)justnow.happened2.连系动词连系动词(dngc)（Link.v.)如：如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,becomePekingOpera_(soun

14、d)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示当此动词表示(biosh)事物的自然属性事物的自然属性的时候的时候:Thepen_(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_(sell)well.sells1.不及物动词不及物动词(jwdnc)（vi.)如如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,不用被动语态的动词：不用被动语态的动词：第十九页，共27页。(表示主语的自然属性特征表示主语的自然属性特征(tzhng)+副词副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：常见动词：read,write,s

15、ell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,Thebooks_wellA.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth_easilyA.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed第二十页，共27页。1.Manyaccidents_bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause2.Anofficial_bysomereportersonfoo

16、dproblemsinShanghaiyesterday.A.isinterviewingB.isinterviewedC.wasinterviewingD.wasinterviewed3.Todayalotofinformationcan_online.A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving4.Imgladtofindthatmanytrees_inourcitylastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted第二十一页，共27页。5.DrivingafterdrinkingwineinCh

17、ina.A.allowsB.doesntallowC.isallowedD.isntallowed6.Dontworry.Yourpackagehereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.A.willkeepB.haskeptC.willbekeptD.hasbeenkept7.ItstruethatShakespearesplay_bysomanypeopleeveryyear.A.seeB.willseeC.areseeingD.areseen第二十二页，共27页。Correcting mistakeCorrectthemistake(s)ineach

18、sentenceifany:1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?第二十三页，共27页。4)Classisbegunat7:30everyday5)Hisplanissoundedgood第二十四页，共27页。1.树要在春天树要在春天(chntin)种种;2.树坑要挖得够大树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里把树放进坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用脚踩

19、实用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍并且保证棍子插直了子插直了;6.用绳子（用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来）把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水浇好水.根据提示写一篇以根据提示写一篇以How to Plant a Tree?为题目为题目(tm)的短文，要求内容齐全，的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态，上下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态，80词左右。词左右。第二十五页，共27页。1.树要在春天种树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里把树放进坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用用脚踩实脚踩实;5

20、.在旁边插一根坚实在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子的长棍子,并且保证并且保证(bozhng)棍子插直棍子插直了了;6.用绳子（用绳子（rope）把）把棍子和树绑起来棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水浇好水.be plantedbe dugbig enoughtoo deepput intobe kept straightpush back topush hard with knock into be kept straightbe tied to withbe watered well第二十六页，共27页。Trees must be planted in Spring.The hole must be dug

21、large enough but not too deep.Put the tree into the hole and it must be kept straight.Push the earth back to the hole and it must be pushed hard with your feet.Knock a long and strong stick into the earth beside the tree and it must be kept straight.Trees can be tied to the stick with a rope.And they must be watered well.第二十七页，共27页。