初中被动语态课件(定稿)培训讲学.ppt

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1、初中被动语态课件初中被动语态课件(定稿定稿)HowtodescribethepicturesThe river was seriously polluted.Some trees were cut down.语语态态是是动动词词的的一一种种形形式式，表表示示主主语语和和动动词词之之间间的的关关系系。英英语语动动词词有有两两种种语语态态：主主动动语语态态和和被被动动语语态态。主主动动语语态态动动词词的的主主语语是是动动作作的的执执行行者者，而而被被动动语语态态动动词词的的主主语语是是动动作作的的承承受受者者。被被动动语语态态是是动动词词的的一一种种特特殊殊形形式式，一一般般说说来来，只只有有需需

2、要要动动作作对对象象的的及物动词及物动词才有被动语态。才有被动语态。英语语态英语语态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成由助动词由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。构成。助动词助动词be有有人称、数和时态的变化人称、数和时态的变化。waterwateredwatereduseusedusedstudystudiedstudiedstopstoppedstoppeddodiddonerideroderiddenForexamplefindfoundfoundmakemademadebuildbuiltbuiltsweepsweptswepttaketooktakenbu

3、yboughtboughthavehadhadsingsangsungtelltoldtoldgivegavegiven英语的谓语动词有两种语态英语的谓语动词有两种语态We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,前加前加by动变被动变被,看清看清be,结构分别结构分别be+pp主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语找宾语-即动作的承受者即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数

4、-即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态-即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 made5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语-即即by+主语主语/宾语宾语.by them.1.一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+doneWecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.Shewaterstheflowerseveryday.TheflowersWhatdoesshedoeveryday?everyday.ar

5、ewatered byherTheydotheirhomeworkafterschool.Theirhomeworkisdonebythemafterschool.Heplaysbasketballeveryweek.Basketballisplayedbyhimeveryweek.Mymothersweepstheflooreveryday.Thefloorissweptbymymothereveryday.I bought a computer last term A computer was bought (by me)last term.2.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+don

6、eHeputonacoat.Acoatwasputonbyhim.Jim rode the motorbike to his factory yesterday.The motorbike was ridden to his factory yesterday.They had an evening party last week.An evening party was had last week.The Great Wall was built by Chinese people many years ago.ChinesepeoplebuilttheGreatWallmanyyearsa

7、go.Thestudentsplantedmanytreesyesterday.Manytreeswereplantedbythestudentsyesterday.3.现在进行时现在进行时:am/is/are+being+V(p.p)Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done(by me)at 8:00 last night.

8、4.过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were+being+v(p.p)5.一般将来时一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedoneHeisgoingtowritealettertohismother.Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.send to,hospital,right now a talk,give,soonThey will be sent to the hospital right now.A talk will be given soon.I_(notinvite)totomorrowswedding.wont

9、 be invitedwill not be done 否定结构否定结构Dogs will not be allowed to enter your classroom.allowsmokingstadiumallowSmoking will not be allowed in the stadium.6.现在完成时现在完成时has/have+beendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.7.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/should等情态动词等情态动词+be+doneIcanfind

10、him.Hecanbefoundbyme.They can sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.He can carry the basket.The basket can be carried by him.Ann can take good care of the cats The cats can be taken good care of by Ann.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomshouldbecleanedbyusever

11、yday.Ourstudentsmustntsmokecigarettes.Cigarettesmustntbesmokedbyourstudents.小结小结：各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去进行时：过去进行时：S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+can/may/must/should等等+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+am/is/are+being

12、+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+being+doneFillintheblankswiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1.Thebridge(build)lastyear.2.TheOlympicGames(hold)everyfouryears.3.Theproblem(discuss)atthemeetingnow.4.Hisnewbook(publish)nextmonth.5.Theclassroom(notclean)yet.wasbuiltareheldisbeingdiscussedw

13、illbepublishedhasnotbeencleanedHomework:Readtext-16.Themachine(repair)atthistimeyesterday.7.Shesaidthereport(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks.8.MissLisaidthebook(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning.9.BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords(learn).10.Hesaidtheproject.(finish)by2010.wasbeingrepairedhadbeentyped

14、wouldbegivenwillhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。(动词后的介词不可省动词后的介词不可省）e.g.The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.被动句：被动句：The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.e.g.They look after the new students in the school.被动句：被

15、动句：The new students are looked after by them in the school.2.当动当动词带有复合宾语词带有复合宾语(有宾补有宾补),并且宾补是省去并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”。（即：主动省即：主动省to，被动加上，被动加上to。）。）e.g.They make us do all the work.被动句：被动句：We are made to do all the work by them.e.g.We often hear her sing songs.被动句：被动句：She i

16、s often heard to sing songs by us.e.g.I saw him walk to school.被动句：被动句：He was seen to walk to school by me.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中离开，被动句中to回回 来。（常考词有：来。（常考词有：make,see,hear,feel,watch,notice 等。等。)3.当动词带双宾语时当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个一个宾语是指人，一个是指物是指物)，将其中，将其中指人的宾语指人的宾语提前作被动句提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；

17、的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将如是将指物的宾语指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或或“for”。常见加常见加to的动词有的动词有:give，send,teach，write,show,pass,ask,tell 常见加常见加for的动词有的动词有:make,buy draw e.g.He gives me a flower everyday.被动被动1：I am given a flower by him everyday.被动被动2：A flower is given to me by him every

18、day.e.g.My mother bought me a computer.被动被动1：I was bought a computer by my mother.被动被动2：A computer was bought for me by my mother.4.系动词没有被动形式，主动形系动词没有被动形式，主动形式表被动意义。式表被动意义。常见的有常见的有taste（尝起来），（尝起来），sound（听起来），（听起来），feel（摸起（摸起来），来），look（看起来），（看起来），smell（闻起来）等（闻起来）等.例如：例如：1)The apple tastes good.2)The

19、song sounds gentle.5.有些动词如有些动词如:sell（卖），（卖），wash（洗），（洗），write(写）等与副写）等与副词词well（好），（好），easily（容易地）（容易地）等连用等连用，描绘事物的特性，用主，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动。例如：动表被动。例如：1)The coat washes easily.2)The books sell wellHomework:1.He cleans the classroom everyday.2.They finished their homework.3.I can mend his bike.4.She will

20、buy ten books tomorrow.5.We shouldnt allow them to go out with their friends.6.The old man often makes us laugh.Exercises:1.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing，people_shouttobeheardevenatdinnerAarenotkept；willhavetoBarenotkept；haveCdonotkeep；willhavetoDdonotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,_andperfe

21、ctednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.-_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff-Yes，italldependsontheweatherAIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItoldACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspee

22、dthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDCBC8.Greatchang

23、es_inthecity,andalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit_over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-Whatstheprettysmallhousethat_for?A.isbeingbuilt

24、B.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.-Doyoulikethecloth?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltBDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_ChineseAwriteBtowriteCtobewrittenDwritten13.Ihavenomoreletters_，thankyouAtotypeBtypingCtobetypedDtyped14.Takecare!Dontdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_easily.A.wontw

25、ashoutB.wontbewashedoutC.isntwashedoutD.isntwashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto_.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.gooutBCAD16.Thecomputersonthetable_ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.Itsworth_a

26、secondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded_again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20._manytimes,theboystilldidntknowhowtodoit.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.TeachingDCCD

27、BTombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1.Thebridge(build)lastyear.2.TheOlympicGames(hold)everyfouryears.3.Theproblem(discuss)atthemeetingnow.4.His

28、newbook(publish)nextmonth.5.Theclassroom(notclean)yet.wasbuiltareheldisbeingdiscussedwillbepublishedhasnotbeencleanedReadtext-16.Themachine(repair)atthistimeyesterday.7.Shesaidthereport(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks.8.MissLisaidthebook(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning.9.BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglis

29、hwords(learn).10.Hesaidtheproject.(finish)by2010.wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegivenwillhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinishedThe Passive Voice被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动语态由助动词被动语态由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构构成，时态通过成，时态通

30、过be表现出来。表现出来。Hisbrotherwashesfaceeveryday.主主谓谓宾宾Face iswashed(by hisbrother)everyday.1.一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoes are made (by them)in that factory.结构：结构：am/is/are +过去分词过去分词Exercises:1)TheyplayfootballonSunday.2)Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Football is played by

31、 them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.Thelittlebabywaslookedafterby himyesterday.3.一般过去时一般过去时：was/were+V.(p.p)Exercises:Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.The tall building was built by them last year.H

32、is little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：will+be+过去分词过去分词4.一般将来时：一般将来时：Exercises:Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.A sports meeting will b

33、e had(by us)next week.Some photos will be taken(by children)in the schoolyard tomorrow.5含有含有情态动词的：情态动词的：情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.1)He can take care of the baby.2)Lucy may draw the pictures.The baby can be taken care of by him.The pictur

34、e may be drawn by Lucy.Exercises:We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时现在完成时:have/has+been+V.(p.p)8.现在完成时：现在完成时：1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of thei

35、r classroom_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）练习：1.Many people speak English.2.They made computers in the U.S.A.3.People used knives for cutting things.4.People used metal for making machines.5.They produce silk in Suzhou and Hangzhou.6.They speak English in Canada.7.They write busines

36、s letters in English.8.They grow rice in South China.9.They plant many trees in North China.10.Lu Xun wrote this book.11.The workers built some bridges.12.We can use the box as a table.13.We should clean the classroom everyday 练习：将下列句子变为被动句。1.Li Lei listens to his father carefully.2.The mother looke

37、d after the baby in the room.3.We took care of the things.4.They gave us some work.5.The boy made them laugh all the time.6.My mother buys me a bike.下列时态的被动语态构成下列时态的被动语态构成 1.Lucy is watering the trees.2.The boy was mending his bike.3.We have finished our compositions.The Passive VoicemadebyLiQinShew

38、aterstheflowerseveryday.TheflowersWhatdoesshedoeveryday?everyday.arewatered byherTheydotheirhomeworkafterschool.Theirhomeworkisdonebythemafterschool.Heplaysbasketballeveryweek.Basketballisplayedbyhimeveryweek.Mymothersweepstheflooreveryday.Thefloorissweptbymymothereveryday.jacketThejacketisusedforke

39、epingwarm.ThejacketismadeinGuangzhou.GuangzhoukeepingwarmZhengzhouknivescuttingthingssummary英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者受者,在被动语态中动作的执行者有时在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用用by短语表示出来短语表示出来.一般现在时一般现在时(simplepresent)：S(主语主语)+am/is/are+过去分词过去分词(done)一般过

40、去时一般过去时(simplepast)：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词(done)2.I bought a computer last term A computer was bought (by me)last term.The light was invented by Thomas Edison.inventThomasEdisoninventedthelight.Jim rode the motorbike to his factory yesterday.The motorbike was ridden to his factory yesterday.They had an

41、 evening party last week.An evening party was had last week.The Great Wall was built by Chinese people many years ago.ChinesepeoplebuilttheGreatWallmanyyearsago.Thestudentsplantedmanytreesyesterday.Manytreeswereplantedbythestudentsyesterday.AskandanswerwatereverydayathomemygrandmaA:Whenaretheflowers

42、watered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday?B:yes,theyare.sweeponweekendsinthekitchenmymotherWhenwherewhodoafterschoolintheclassroomthechi

43、ldrenbuildlonglongagoinBeijingChinesepeoplebuylastweekinNingboMary1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.I found the ti

44、cket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3.We found the ticket on the floor.5.Last year we built a library in ourschool.A library _ _ in our school last year.6.Now people can use computers to help t

45、hem.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.was built can be used7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonde

46、rful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.T

47、he bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.can be mended must be takenHaveatry1.Theemperorinventedteabyaccident.2.ManyChinesecanspeakEnglish.3.Theydontwashtheirclotheseveryday.4.Theboybrokethedooroftheclass.Teawasinventedbytheempe

48、rorbyaccident.EnglishcanbespokenbymanyChinese.Theirclothesarentwashedbythemeveryday.Thedooroftheclasswasbrokenbytheboy.5.Wedidntsolvetheproblem.6.DidMaryfinishthework?7.Hismothershouldntallowhimtowearearrings.8.Shouldwewaterthetreeseveryday?9.Wemuststoppeoplewalkingonthegrass.Theproblemwasntsolvedby

49、us.WastheworkfinishedbyMary?Heshouldntbeallowedtowearearringsbyhismother.Shouldthetreesbewateredbyuseveryday?Peoplemustbestoppedwalkingonthegrass.Fill in the blanks:Paper(invent)_ in A.D.105 by Cai Lun in China.It is an important part of our everyday lives,but few people ever think about how it(make

50、)_.Today most paper comes from trees.However,with the concern for the environment(考虑到环境考虑到环境),more and more paper(produce)_from recycled paper products.Since paper products are of different qualities,they first(sort分类分类)_before they(recycle)_.The sorted material(put)_into a huge machine.was invented