四级考试语法复习重点(4) 定语从句.ppt

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1、四级考试语法复习重点(4)定语从句 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望Introductionn定语从句在四级英语测试中占有一定的比重，大约在词汇语法题的7.4%，平均每次都有一题，实际测试中有时多达三道题。在我们讲四级英语测试对定语从句的考查之前，先让我们看以下几题：n1)Living in the central Australian desert has its problems,_ obtaining water is not the leas

2、t.A.for which B.to which C.of which D.in which nC 其实该句表示的是obtaining water is not the least of its problems，所以用of which.n 关系词的使用一看先行词，二看关系词在从句中的作用，在此基础上熟记几个常用的固定句式，如：the same as;such as 当看到先行词前有the same 或such修饰时，可直接从选项中找as，选择就变得比较简单。在这种情况下，考生用不着考虑先行词是人还是物。如 Our company wont employ such graduates as y

3、ou recommend.Im determined to buy such a flat as you are now living in.n2)A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region,_were surprising.nA.as results B.which results C.the results of it D.the results of which nAnswer:Dn 上面有两道题涉及到关系词在句中做定语。同学们上面有两道题涉及到关系词在句中做定语。同学们应该熟悉

4、关系词做定语时的各种变体。应该熟悉关系词做定语时的各种变体。做定语的关系词可有以下变体，试比较：做定语的关系词可有以下变体，试比较：the office whose windows are broken the office the windows of which are broken the office of which the windows are broken 上面的上面的2）题就属于）题就属于the windows of which这种这种形式。形式。先行词是人时，同样也可有这三种形式，如：先行词是人时，同样也可有这三种形式，如：the professor whose car w

5、as stolen the professor the car of whom was stolen the professor of whom the car was stolen n3)We need a chairman _.nA.for whom everyone has confidence B.in whom everyone has confidence C.who everyone has confidence of D.whom everyone has confidence onnAnswer:Bn 注意注意介词介词+which/whom的结构做关系词的结构做关系词 从四级

6、考试对定语从句的测试来看，主要考查的是介词的选择。从四级考试对定语从句的测试来看，主要考查的是介词的选择。介词介词+which/whom主要有以下几种情况主要有以下几种情况:A 介词是句中短语搭配的一部分，如介词是句中短语搭配的一部分，如3）。表示）。表示信任某人信任某人要用要用have confidence in somebody，所以做定语，应该用，所以做定语，应该用a chairman in whom has confidence。B 部分部分+of+整体名词整体名词的结构，该结构，做关系词也就是的结构，该结构，做关系词也就是 部分名词部分名词+of which/whom的结构。的结构。

7、该结构的使用应注意两点，一是注意定语从句与并列句的分别，该结构的使用应注意两点，一是注意定语从句与并列句的分别，如：如：He invited quite a few scientists to his birthday party,many of _ were his old classmates.A.whom B.them C.which D.that 这里很自然地会有这里很自然地会有many of whom 与与many of them的选择。的选择。二是注意该结构可以有变体，即二是注意该结构可以有变体，即of whom/which+部分名词部分名词，e.g.e.g.up to half

8、of whom。nC 另一种介词是表示最高级范围的介词，四级考题中已经有两个这种考题，如上面的1）题，其实该句表示的是obtaining water is not the least of its problems，所以用of which.nLiving in the western part of the country has its problems,_ obtaining fresh water is not the least.A.with which B.for which C.of which D.whichnAnswer:CnD 更多的是看关系词与先行词之间的关系，如：He h

9、as composed many pieces of music popular with young people,of which this is an example.这里用of which因为，正常的结构是an example of the music。nE 有时介词与先行词构成短语，如7）题，to which源于to extent的短语搭配。1997年1月也有一道题考查该短语搭配。It is useful to be able to predict the extent _which a price change will affect supply and demand.A.fro

10、m B.with C.to D.for(1997.1)n4)The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things,_ is often the case in other countries.A.as B.what C.so D.that n A 注意注意as引导的非限制性定语从句的用法引导的非限制性定语从句的用法 as引导非限制性定语从句时，可置于句首，也可置引导非限制性定语从句时，可置于句首，也可置于句尾，表示于句尾，表示“正如正如”。如上面的。如上面的4）和）和10）两

11、题。）两题。一般一般as引导定语从句时，其先行词为整个主句。引导定语从句时，其先行词为整个主句。which引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词也可以是主句或主句中引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词也可以是主句或主句中的一部分。但，的一部分。但，as从句表示的行为经常是在主句行为之从句表示的行为经常是在主句行为之前或表示比较普遍、经常发生的情况，而前或表示比较普遍、经常发生的情况，而which引导的引导的定语从句表示的行为却在主句之后，定语从句表示的行为却在主句之后，表示连续发生的事情表示连续发生的事情或结果等或结果等。如：。如：He promised to help me,which he did.He

12、 was often late for work,which cost him his job.n5)The course normally attracts 20 students per year,_ up to half will be from overseas.A.in which B.for which C.with which D.of whomn注意先行词为时间、地点或原因时，关系词的选用。如注意先行词为时间、地点或原因时，关系词的选用。如果用果用when,where 或或why，关，关系词在从句中应该是系词在从句中应该是做状语做状语，否则的话则应该用，否则的话则应该用whic

13、h/that等。如等。如9）中，）中，先行词在从句中先行词在从句中visit的宾语，关系词不能用的宾语，关系词不能用where，而只能是而只能是that/which。再如：。再如：I will never forget the days that I spent with my friends in the country.n6)Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers,_overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.A.whose B.which C.t

14、hat D.what n7)We were struck by the extent _ which teachers decisions served the interests of the school rather than those of the children.A.to B.for C.in D.withn6)A 7)A n 关系词做代替的成分在从句中不能再次出现。关系词做代替的成分在从句中不能再次出现。n 注意定语从句与同位语从句的区别。如：注意定语从句与同位语从句的区别。如：There are signs _ restaurants are becoming more po

15、pular with families.A.that B.which C.in which D.whose(2000.6)由于由于signs与后面的与后面的restaurants没有修饰和被修饰没有修饰和被修饰关系，所以关系，所以whose不对，如果是定语从句，关系词代不对，如果是定语从句，关系词代替替signs，而从句中不需要该词。所以这里不是定语从，而从句中不需要该词。所以这里不是定语从句而是同位语从句，从句表示句而是同位语从句，从句表示sign的内容的内容。n8)Melted iron is poured into the mixer much _ tea is poured into

16、a cup from a teapot.A.in the same way like B.in the same way which C.in the same way D.in the same way as n9)Ive never been to Beijing,but it is the place _.A.where Id like to visit B.in which Id like to visit C.I most want to visit D.that I want to visit it most n10)_ might be expected,the response

17、 to the question was very mixed.A.As B.That C.It D.What n参考答案参考答案:8)D 9)C 10)A n 适当注意that和which的不同，什么情况下只能用that，什么情况下只能用which。（请同学们看文件“语法补充”）n 注意从句与其它成分的区别，如下题：As _announced in todays papers,the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.A.being B.is C.to be D.been 这里涉及到从句与非谓语动词的区别，如果是非谓语动词的话，则是保留了连词的非谓语动词做状语，根据announce与句子主语之间的关系，应该什么都不填，这里还是定语从句。答案为B。n评析 从以上各题可以看出，定语从句的考查还是集中在关系词的选择，四级考试中的定语从句虽然也有关系词最一般的用法，但更多的是对特殊关系词的考查。