电子信息工程专业英语1.ppt.ppt

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1、电子信息工程专业英语电子信息工程专业英语主讲：马艳梅内内 容容n 为何要学习专业英语（必要性）为何要学习专业英语（必要性）n 专业英语有哪些特点专业英语有哪些特点n 如何学好专业英语如何学好专业英语n 本教材的特点本教材的特点为何要学习专业英语为何要学习专业英语 经济全球化、国际化对专业人才的要求经济全球化、国际化对专业人才的要求 对外技术合作、交流和竞争的需要对外技术合作、交流和竞争的需要 学习和消化发达国家先进技术的需要学习和消化发达国家先进技术的需要 专业技术图书文献、资料、手册等专业技术图书文献、资料、手册等 了解和把握专业领域的发展动态和技术了解和把握专业领域的发展动态和技术 前沿前

2、沿专业英语的特点专业英语的特点 与基础英语的关系与基础英语的关系 与科技英语的关系与科技英语的关系 与专业知识和专业技术联系密切与专业知识和专业技术联系密切 专业英语有其独特的文法和文体结构专业英语有其独特的文法和文体结构 长句多，有时甚至一个段落只有一个句子长句多，有时甚至一个段落只有一个句子 大量使用被动语态和非谓语动词大量使用被动语态和非谓语动词 介词短语和名词性词组多介词短语和名词性词组多 使用虚拟语气的句子多使用虚拟语气的句子多 专业术语、合成新词及半技术词汇多，等专业术语、合成新词及半技术词汇多，等如何学好专业英语如何学好专业英语 基础英语是学好专业英语的基础基础英语是学好专业英语

3、的基础 熟悉专业英语的词法、句法和文体特点熟悉专业英语的词法、句法和文体特点 熟悉专业内容和专业术语，掌握专业英熟悉专业内容和专业术语，掌握专业英语词汇语词汇 注重阅读理解、翻译和写作能力的培养注重阅读理解、翻译和写作能力的培养 精读教材内容，泛读英文版专业图书、精读教材内容，泛读英文版专业图书、文献、产品说明书和手册等文献、产品说明书和手册等 本教材的特点本教材的特点 内容选材面广内容选材面广 分为基础篇与提高篇分为基础篇与提高篇涉及：电工基础、电子技术、信息编码与处理涉及：电工基础、电子技术、信息编码与处理技术、通信技术、计算机网络、嵌入式系统技术、通信技术、计算机网络、嵌入式系统 内容编

4、排模块化内容编排模块化 课文、生词、难点注释、专业英语要点讲解课文、生词、难点注释、专业英语要点讲解 全书共有全书共有1212章、章、3232课时内容课时内容Chapter 1 Fundamentals of ElectronicsText 1 Electronic Devices and Types of CircuitsText 2 Operational AmplifierText 3 Boolean Algebra and Logic CircuitsText 4 Flip-Flops1.1 Electronic Devices and Types of CircuitsTextANe

5、w Words and TranslationBClassroom ReadingCContentsHow many types can you recognize?Can you tell me their English name?TextElectronic Devices An electronic component is any physical entity in an electronic system used to affect the electrons or their associated fields in a desired manner consistent w

6、ith the intended function of the electronic system.电子元件是影响电子与电子系统的功能相一致的方式及其相关领域的电子系统中的任何物理实体。TNelectronic device 电子器件component n.组件，元件，成分，分量electronic system电子系统TextElectronic Devices Components are generally intended to be connected together,usually by being soldered to a printed circuit board(PCB

7、),to create an electronic circuit with a particular function(for example an amplifier,radio receiver,or oscillator)组件一般是被连接在一起的，它们通常被焊接到印刷电路板（PCB）上，构建一个具有特定功能的电路（例如 放大器，无线电接收器，或振荡器）。TNintended to 打算，准备 amplifier n.放大器printed circuit board 印刷电路板radio receiver 无线电接收器 oscillator n.振荡器TextElectronic Dev

8、ices Components may be packaged singly or in more complex groups as integrated circuits.Some common electronic components are capacitors,inductors,resistors,diodes,transistors,etc.组件可以单独，或以更复杂的群体封装成为集成电路。一些常见的电子元器件有电容器、电感、电阻、二极管、晶体管等。TNintegrated circuit 集成电路 IC capacitors n.电容器 inductor n.电感resisto

9、r n.电阻 diode n.二极管transistor n.三极管TextCapacitor Most of the capacitors in electronic circuits consist of two conducting plates with a small air gap or thin insulator between them.To increase the capacitance of such a parallel-plate capacitor,we can make the area of the plates large and make the sepa

10、ration between them small.电路中的大部分电容器都由两个导电板组成，且在他们之间有一个小的气隙或薄绝缘体将它们隔离开。我们可以平板的面积与减小它们之间的间隔来增加平板电容器的电容。TNinsulator n.绝缘体 parallel-plate capacitor 平板电容器 TextCapacitor The common variable capacitor is made of two sets of interleaved plates.One set is immobile and the other set is attached to a shaft.If

11、 we rotate the shaft,we can effectively change the area of the plates so as to change the capacitance.普通的可变电容器是由两组交叉的平板构成的。一组是静止的，另一组被连接到一个轴上，如果我们旋转这个轴，就可以有效地改变电容板的面积，从而改变电容大小。TNinterleaved adj.交错的，交叉的capacitance n.电容，电流容量TextCapacitor Mica trimmer capacitors use a mica dielectric.The separation bet

12、ween plates is adjusted with a screwdriver.云母微调电容器使用了云母介质。可以用螺丝刀来调整板块之间的间隔。TNMica n.矿物 云母 trimmer n.微调电容器dielectric adj.非传导性的；诱电性的 n.电介质；绝缘体screwdriver n.起子，螺丝刀TextInductor However,in some situations it is difficult to prevent adjacent inductors from influencing each other,as the magnetic field of o

13、ne device couples with the windings of its neighbors.由于电感器产生的磁场会与其邻近电感器的缠绕线圈发生耦合，在某些情况下，很难避免紧邻的电感器彼此互相影响。TNmagnetic field 磁场TextInductor When there are more than two inductors,the mutual inductance between each of them and the way the coils influence each other complicates the calculation.For a larg

14、er number of coils the total combined inductance is given by the sum of all mutual inductances between the various coils including the mutual inductance of each given coil with itself,which we term self-inductance or simply inductance.对于具有三个或三个以上电感器的串联电路，必需考虑到每个电感器自己本身的自感和电感器与电感器之间的互感，这会使得计算更加复杂。等效电

15、感是所有自感与互感的代数和。TNmutual inductance 互感self-inductance 自感TextResistor A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that opposes an electric current by producing a voltage drop between its terminals in proportion to the current,that is,in accordance with Ohms law:对于具有三个或三个以上电感器的串联电路，必需考虑到每个电感器自己本身的

16、自感和电感器与电感器之间的互感，这会使得计算更加复杂。等效电感是所有自感与互感的代数和。TNvoltage drop 电压降in proportion to 与成比例，与相称in accordance with 依照，与一致TextTransistor In electronics,a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic signals.A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material

17、,with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.在电子技术中，晶体管是一种，常用来放大或进行开关控制电子信号的半导体器件。晶体管是由一块固体半导体材料制成，且至少有三个终端与外部电路连接。TNsemiconductor n.半导体external circuit 外部电路TextTransistor-DiodeThe most common function of a diode is to allow an electric current to pass in one direction(called

18、 the forward biased condition)and to block it in the opposite direction(the reverse biased condition).二极管最普遍的功能就是只允许电流由单一方向通过（称为正向偏压），反向时阻断（称为逆向偏压）。TNforward biased 正偏，正向偏压reverse biased 反偏，逆向偏压TextTransistor-TriodeThe term most commonly applies to a vacuum tube(or valve in British English)with thre

19、e elements:the filament or cathode,the grid,and the plate or anode.一组在真空管（或在英式英语中的阀）中最常用的术语，主要有三个：丝极或称阴极，栅极，板或阳极。TNvacuum tube 真空管，电子管filament n.细丝，丝极 cathode n.阴极 Grid n.栅极 anode n.阳极，正极 TextTransformerA transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through in

20、ductively coupled.A changing current in the first circuit(the primary)creates a changing magnetic field;in turn,magnetic field induces a changing voltage in the second circuit(the secondary).变压器是这样一种装置，它通过电感耦合进行从一个电路到另一个电路的电能传输。在主电路中不断变化的电流会产生一个变化的磁场；接着，这个磁场诱导二次回路中的电压变化。TNthe first circuit 主电路，主回路th

21、e second circuit 二次回路TextRelay Because a relay is able to control an output circuit of higher power than the input circuit,it can be considered to be,in a broad sense,a form of an electrical amplifier.由于继电器能够控制使输出电路的功率比输入电路的更高，所以，从广义上讲，它可以被认为是一种电子放大器。TNin a broad sense 广义上讲Text:Types of Circuits Ohm

22、s law:the voltage necessary to force a given amount of current through a circuit is equal to product of the current and resistance of the circuit.Ohms law is expressed by mathematical formulas:Some Laws and Formulas about Circuits Fig.1-1 Ohms law Fig.1-2 Current at a node illustrating KCL By rearra

23、nging the Eq.we get:Text:Types of Circuits Kirchhoffs 1st law(KCL-Kirchhoffs Current Law):the algebraic sum of the currents at any junction of conductors is zero.In other words,the sum of the currents flowing towards a junction is equal to the sum of the currents flowing away from the junction.Some

24、Laws and Formulas about Circuits Fig.1-3 A single-loop circuit illustrating KVL Rearranging terms gives Text:Types of Circuits Kirchhoffs 2nd law(KVL-Kirchhoffs Voltage Law):In any closed circuit the algebraic sum of the potential drops in the various parts of the circuits is equal to the electromot

25、ive force acting round the circuit.Some Laws and Formulas about Circuits Text:Types of Circuits The equivalent resistance of any number of resistors connected in series equals the sum of their individual resistances.The division of the potential V among the various taps depends upon the magnitudes o

26、f the resistances in the potential divider.Series Circuits 任何串联电阻的等效电阻等于其各自电阻值的总和。电位V在各个抽头间的分配值取决于分压器中各个电阻的大小。TNequivalent resistance 等效电阻VR1R2R3Fig.1-4 A Series Circuits Text:Types of Circuits The total current I is the sum of the currents through the individual components,in accordance with Kirchh

27、offs circuit laws.Parallel Circuits Text:Types of Circuits The simplest approach to analyze a series-parallel circuit is to resolve each purely series group into its single equivalent resistance and to resolve each parallel group of resistors into its equivalent resistance.Series-parallel Resistor C

28、ircuits 分析串并联电路最简单的方法就是将每个纯串联部分简化成其单个等效电阻，同时将每个并联部分也简化成其等效电阻。TText:Types of Circuits The circuit currents vary from branch to branch,and the component voltage drops depend on the branch currents and on the component resistance.Series-parallel Resistor Circuits 各支路的电流是不同的，一个元件上的电压降取决于电源电压支路电流和电路阻值。TT

29、ext:Types of Circuits Analog circuits are sometimes called linear circuit although many non-linear effects are used in analog circuit such as mixers,modulators,etc.Good examples of analog circuits include vacuum tube and transistor amplifiers,operational amplifiers and oscillators.Analog Circuits 模拟

30、电路有时也被称为线性电路，尽管在模拟电路中也存在许多非线性效应，如混频器，调制器等。模拟电路的典型例子包括真空管和晶体管放大器，运算放大器和振荡器。TNmixer n.混合器，混频器modulator n.调幅器，调制器Text:Types of Circuits Sometimes it may be difficult to differentiate between analog and digital circuit as they have elements of both linear and non-linear operation.An examples is the comp

31、arator which takes in a continuous range of voltage but puts out only one of two levels as in a digital.Analog Circuits 有时也可能是难以将模拟和数字电路完全区分开，因为他们都有线性和非线性操作的元素。拿比较器为例来说，它是一个连续的电压范围的比较，但只输出作为数字电路中的两个电平之一。TText:Types of Circuits In most cases the number of different states of a node is two,represented

32、 by two voltage levels labeled“Low”(0)and“High”(1).Often“Low”will be near zero volts and“High”will be at a higher level depending on the supply voltage in use.Digital Circuits 大多数数字电路使用标示为“0”和“1”的两个电压等级的，通常的逻辑“0”是一个低电压，简称为“低”，而逻辑“1”是指取决于所提供的高电压。TBuilding-blocks:Logic gatesAdders Binary MultipliersFl

33、ip-FlopsCountersRegisters MultiplexersSchmitt triggersHighly integrated devices:MicroprocessorsMicrocontrollersApplication-Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC)Digital Signal Processor(DSP)Field-Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)Text:Types of Circuits Digital Circuits Text:Types of Circuits The ability of a

34、radio receiver to accomplish each of its three functions is known as its sensitivity,selectivity and fidelity.Although the terms and definitions presented here refer to radio receivers,they apply to tuning circuits in general as well as to all other forms of communication systems.Tuning Circuits 无线接

35、收机完成其三个功能的能力分别称为灵敏度，选择性和保真度。虽然这里提出的术语和定义，是针对的无线电接收机，但它们同样适用于一般调谐电路以及所有其他形式的通信系统。TNsensitivity n.敏感度，灵敏度selectivity n.选择度，选择性fidelity n.保真度communication systems 通信系统Text:Types of Circuits In electronics,an integrated circuit(also known as IC,microcircuit,microchip,silicon chip or chip)is a miniaturiz

36、ed electronic circuit(consisting mainly of transistor,diodes,capacitors,resistors,semiconductor devices,as well as passive components)that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.Integrated Circuits 集成电路（又称集成电路，微型电路，芯片，硅芯片或芯片）是一个微型的电子电路（主要包括半导体器件，以及被动元件）已在薄

37、基板的半导体材料表面制造。TNminiaturize vt.使小型化，使微型化passive components 被动元件，无源器件Text:Types of Circuits ICs can be classified by function into two:circuits to be applied in digital systems and those to be applied in linear systems.The digital ICs are employed mostly in computers,electronic counters,frequency synt

38、hesizers and digital instruments.Integrated Circuits 集成电路按功能可分为两类：应用于数字系统中的电路和应用于线性系统中的电路。数字电路中集成电路主要运用于电脑、电子计数器、频率合成器和数字仪器。TNbe classified by 按分类frequency synthesizers 频率合成器Differential AmplifierOperational Amplifier Instrumentation AmplifierIsolation AmplifierNegative Feedback AmplifierText:Operat

39、ional Amplifier 差分放大器运算放大器测量放大器隔离放大器负反馈放大器Text:Operational Amplifier Typically the output of the op-amp is controlled either by negative feedback,which largely determines the magnitude of its output voltage gain,or by positive feedback,which facilitates regenerative gain and oscillation.通常情况下，运算放大器的

40、输出是通过负反馈，这在很大程度上决定了其输出电压增益，或通过有利于再生增益和振荡幅度控制的正反馈。TNnegative feedback 负反馈positive feedback 正反馈regenerative adj.更生的，更新的，再生的An op-amp with negative feedback(a non-inverting amplifier)Text:Operational Amplifier If the inverting input is made slightly more positive,the output will become more negative,th

41、is is why the name“inverting”is given to this input.If,however,the non-inverting input is made more positive,the output will also become more positive.如果反相输入端加入稍微更积极的因素，输出端将会产生更加消极的影响，这就是我们称此输入为“反相”的原因。但是，如果同相输入端加入更积极的因素，其输出也将变得更加积极。TNinverting input 反相输入端non-inverting input 同相输入端Text:Boolean Algebr

42、a and Logic Circuits Boolean TheoremsMultivariable TheoremsDeMorgans Theorems Commutative LawAssociate Law 布尔定律多变量定律德摩根定理交换律结合律Text:Flip-Flops In digital circuits,a flip-flops is a kind of bistable multivibrator,an electronic circuit which has two stable states and thereby is capable of serving as o

43、ne bit of memory.在数字电路中，触发器是一种双稳态多谐振动器，即其中有两个稳定状态，从而能够作为一位存储器的电子电路。TNflip-flops 触发器bistable adj.双稳态的；双隐定的multivibrator n.多谐振荡器Set-Reset Flip-FlopsToggle Flip-FlopsJK Flip-FlopsDelay Flip-FlopsMaster-slave Delay Flip-FlopsSR触发器反转触发器D触发器JK触发器Text:Flip-Flops 主从D触发器RS flip-flopKnowledge about Translatio

44、n 翻译是一种语言表达法，是译者根据原作者的思想，用本国语言表达出来这就要求译者必须确切理解和掌握原著的内容和意思，丝毫不可以离开它而主观地发挥译者个人的想法和推测在确切理解的基础上，译者必须很好地运用本国语言把原文通顺而流畅地表达出来 1.翻译的标准翻译的标准 专业英语的翻译标准可概括为“忠实通顺”四个字 忠实：首先指忠实于原文的内容，译者必须把原作的内容完整而准确地表达出来，不得任意增删歪曲；忠实还指保持原作风格，尽可能还其本来面目 通顺：指译文语言必须通顺易懂，符合汉语规范专业英语的翻译标准及方法专业英语的翻译标准及方法 忠实与通顺是相辅相成的忠实而不通顺，读者看不懂，也就做不到忠实；通

45、顺而不忠实，脱离原作的内容与风格，通顺也就失去了作用例如：1)He knows something about electricity.错误译法:他知道有关电的某些东西 正确译法:他懂点电 2)The electric resistance is measured in ohms.错误译法:电的反抗是用欧姆测量的 正确译法:电阻的测量单位是欧姆 3)All metals do not conduct electricity equally well.错误译法:全部金属不导电得相等好 正确译法:并非所有的金属都同样好地导电Knowledge about Translation科技英语的翻译标准及

46、方法科技英语的翻译标准及方法 2.翻译的方法翻译的方法 翻译的方法大体说来有两种：直译(literal translation)和意译(free translation)直译，即指“既忠实于原文内容，又忠实于原文形式”的翻译，但决不是“死译”，不可望文生义 意译，就是指忠实于原文的内容，不拘泥于原文的形式 在翻译时，我们应灵活使用上述两种方法，能直译的就直译，能意译的就意译，因为对同一个句子有时并非只能用一种方法，有时两种方法可交替使用或同时并用总之，要遵循“忠实通顺”的宗旨Knowledge about Translation科技英语的翻译标准及方法科技英语的翻译标准及方法 试看下面的例子:

47、the Milky Way银河(意译)(不可直译为：牛奶路)bulls eye靶心(意译)(不可直译为：牛眼睛)catch a cold 感冒(意译)(不可直译为：抓住一个冷)New uses have been found for old metals,and new alloys have been made to satisfy new demands.老的金属有了新用途，新的合金被冶炼出来，以满足新的需要(本句前半部分用的是意译法，后半部分用的是直译法)Knowledge about Translation科技英语的翻译标准及方法科技英语的翻译标准及方法I.Translate the

48、following phrases into English.1.放大电流2.电子元器件3.复杂电路4.真空管5.前置放大器6.集成电路芯片7.半导体材料8.微处理器 Translation1.amplify current2.electronic plex circuit4.vacuum tube5.preamplifier6.integrated circuit chip7.semiconductor material8.microprocessorTextExercisesI.Translate the following phrases into English.1.dielectri

49、c2.potential difference3.carrier4.impedance5.resonance6.hybrid7.wafer8.dissipation Translation1.电介质，绝缘体2.电位差3.载波4.阻抗5.共振，共鸣6.混合的7.晶片8.消耗，分散TextExercisesExercisesII.Choose one word from the word list below to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences.Change the form of the word where neces

50、sary.inductance capacitance resistance inductor capacitor resistor 1.The ability of a capacitor to store electrical energy is termed .2.A is a device designed to have capacitance.3.In SI is measured in ohms.4.Ohms Law is the algebraic relationship between the voltage and current for a .5.is the prop