中考英语复习---不定代词和-It-用法-讲课稿.ppt

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1、中考英语复习中考英语复习-不定代词不定代词和和-It-It-用法用法-PeriodI someanysomethingsomebodysomeoneanythinganybodyanyoneeverythingeverybodyeveryonenothingnobodynooneafewfewalittlelittleallbothneithernone不定代词是不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词的代词不指明代替任何特定名词的代词以下都是不定代词以下都是不定代词：someanysomethingsomebodysomeoneanythinganybodyanyoneeverythingevery

2、bodyeveryonenothingnobodynooneafewfewalittlelittleallbothneithernoneoneonesonetheother(s)someothersanother不定代词不定代词不定代词的用法不定代词的用法some和和any.两者都可以和可数名词或不可两者都可以和可数名词或不可数名词连用，但是数名词连用，但是常用于常用于常常用于用于Thereissomewaterinthebottle.Thereisntanywaterinthebottle.Isthereanywaterinthebottle?注意：注意：1.Wouldyoulikesome

3、tickets?CouldIborrowsomedictionaries?如果在提问时期待对方的肯定问答，或鼓励如果在提问时期待对方的肯定问答，或鼓励别人说别人说yes时，用时，用some而不用而不用any.some肯定句，肯定句，any否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句。否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句。2.any用用于于肯肯定定句句中中有有“任任何何一一个个”解解。常常用用于于比比较较级级句句子中。子中。Tomrunsfasterthananyotherboyinhisclass.Tomrunsfasterthananyoftheotherboysinhisclass.Tomrunsfasterth

4、ananygirlinhisclass.3.some,any,every,no可可以以与与body,thing,one构构成成合合成成代代词，这些代词都作单数看待，表示人或物：词，这些代词都作单数看待，表示人或物：Somethingiswrongwithmybike.Someoneisaskingtoseeyou.Nobodyisabsent.Ifyouwantanything,callme.一、构成：由分别加上 构成的不定代词叫复合不定代词。二、用法：1、复合不定代词在句中可以作主语作主语、宾语、宾语或表语表语等。例如：_ will listen to him.没人会听他的。He wants

5、 _ to eat.他想吃点东西。Did you feel _ different?你没觉得什么不同？Nobodysomethinganythingsome,any,no,every-body,-thing,-one复合不定代词复合不定代词nothing3 3、用人称代词替代复合不定代词时，指物用it,指人用he,him。例如：Somethingiswrongwithyourcar,isnt_?你的车有点问题，是吗？Everyonetries_besttofinishtheworkintime.每个人都尽自己最大的努力按时完成这项工作。his2、复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数。例如：Ha

6、s_seenmypen?有人看见我的钢笔吗？Thereis_wrongwiththeTVset.这台电视机没问题。anybodyit4、some-some-复合不定代词通常用于肯定句中肯定句中；-any-any复合不定代词多 用于否定句否定句、疑问句、疑问句和条件状语从句条件状语从句中。例如：_ called on her last week.上周有人拜访她。There isnt _ else there.那里没有别人。Is _ over there?有人在那边吗？If there is _ difficult,please tell me.如果有什么困难，请告诉我。Someoneanyone

7、anybodyanything、形容词形容词修饰不定代词不定代词时，通常放在不定代词之后不定代词之后。例 如：Theres _ with your eyes.你的眼睛有问题。somethingwrong6、every-every-复合代词与notnot 连用，表示部分否定部分否定；而any-any-复 合不定代词与notnot 连用，表示完全否定完全否定。例如：Not _ likes watching TV.并非人人都喜欢看电视。I didnt meet _ on the way.(=I met _ on the way.)路上我没有遇到任何人。everyoneanybodynobodyany

8、one/anyone；noone/none；1anyone和anyoneanyone仅指人,anyone既可指人,也可指物。2noone和nonea)none既可指人又可指物,而noone只单独使用,只指人。b)none作主语,谓语动词用单复数均可,而noone作主语,谓语动词只能是单数。_ofthemknow/knowsabouttheplan.None_hasbeentoJapaninourclass.NooneIsthereanythinginthebox?None指人指人指物注意注意：all与none用法一样。跟不可数名词，谓语用第三人称单数形式;跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。Allof

9、thestudentsarethere.所有的学生都在那。All(of)themilkisthere.所有的牛奶都在那。little,a little,few,a few1.little与与alittle两两者者都都用用来来修修饰饰不不可可数数名名词词，little作作“很很少少”，“几几乎乎没没有有”解解，有有否否定定的的意意思思，alittle作作“少少许许”、“有有一一点点”解解，有有肯肯定定的意思，例如：的意思，例如：Inthisway,theycanmakethetripwithjustalittlemoney.用这种方法他们只花很少的钱就能旅行。Thereislittleleft,

10、isthere?没剩多少了，是吗？2.few,afew用来修饰用来修饰可数名词可数名词，前者前者表示表示否定否定，后者后者表示表示肯定肯定。AfewofusspeakEnglishwell.我们中有几个人英语讲得很好。Therewerefeweggsisthefridge,sohewenttothesupermarketandboughtsome.冰箱里几乎没鸡蛋了，所以他去超市买了一些。3.few 作主语时，作主语时，谓语谓语动词仍用动词仍用复数复数 例如：例如：Fewofthemknowthis,dothey?4.常用词组有常用词组有 quite a few(好几个好几个)，only a

11、few(只有一个只有一个)，very few(极少数极少数)very little(极少数极少数)例如：例如：HehasstudiedChineseforquiteafewyears.他学汉语已有好几年了。小练习小练习1.Itssocoldtoday,_peopleareinthestreets.2.Hurryup!Thereis_timeforus.3.Only_studentscanunderstandwhathesaid.4.Thereare_applesleft,wellbuysome.fewlittleafewfewboth和和allboth表示两者的肯定，表示两者的肯定，all表示

12、三个或三个以上表示三个或三个以上的肯定的肯定，谓语都用复数。，谓语都用复数。All arewrong.Wearebothteachers.Theyallarefarmers.两个都不在家。我们两个都是教师。他们都是农民。全都错了。Botharenotathome.both,either,neitherboth为为“两两者者都都”，neither为为“两两者者都都不不”，either为为“两两者者之之一一”。这这三三个单词都用于指两个人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。个单词都用于指两个人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。作主语：作主语：作主语：作主语：1)Both(ofthem)enjoyed

13、rice.他们两人喜欢吃米饭。他们两人喜欢吃米饭。2)Neither(ofus)isadoctor.我们俩都不是医生。我们俩都不是医生。3)Either(ofyou)willgo.随你们哪个去都可以。随你们哪个去都可以。注注注注意意意意：作作作作主主主主语语语语时时时时，bothboth后后后后面面面面的的的的谓谓谓谓语语语语动动动动词词词词用用用用复复复复数数数数。neither,neither,eithereither后后后后面面面面 的谓语动词一般用的谓语动词一般用的谓语动词一般用的谓语动词一般用单数单数单数单数形式。形式。形式。形式。作定语：作定语：作定语：作定语：1)BothZhan

14、gHuasfatherandmotherworkinahospital,butneitherofthemisadoctor.张华的父母亲在一所医院工作，但都不是医生。张华的父母亲在一所医院工作，但都不是医生。2)Youmaytakeeitherapple.两个苹果任你拿一个。两个苹果任你拿一个。作宾语：作宾语：作宾语：作宾语：1)Ilikebothofthetoysverymuch.我非常喜欢这两件玩具。我非常喜欢这两件玩具。2)Theboycouldfindneitherofthemandwentaway.这男孩找不到这男孩找不到他们俩就走开了。他们俩就走开了。3)Therearetwoap

15、pleshere,youmaytakeeitherofthem.这里有两个苹果，你可以拿任一个。这里有两个苹果，你可以拿任一个。bothboth还还还还可可可可作作作作同同同同位位位位语语语语，它它们们句句中中的的位位置置是是在在动动词词be，助助动动词或情态动词的后面，但在实义动词前面。词或情态动词的后面，但在实义动词前面。1)Theyarebothingoodhealth.他们两人身体都很好。他们两人身体都很好。2)Theywillbothgothere.他们两人都收到那儿去。他们两人都收到那儿去。3)Theybothagreedtotakepartinthebirthdayparty.他

16、们两人都答应参加生日晚会。他们两人都答应参加生日晚会。此此外外，either可可作作副副词词用用于于否否定定句句，表表示示“也也”，相当于肯定句中的相当于肯定句中的“too”。Thisisnotmine.Thatisnot,either.这不是我的，那也不是。这不是我的，那也不是。neither表表示示“也也不不”的的时时候候，常常用用在在倒倒装装的的结结构构形形式中：式中：Idontliketoplayfootball.Neitherdoeshe.我不喜欢踢足球，他也不喜欢。我不喜欢踢足球，他也不喜欢。Shehasntgotabike.NeitherhaveI.他没自行车，我也没有。他没自行

17、车，我也没有。注意注意:bothand,表示表示“两个都两个都”，连接主语时谓，连接主语时谓语动词是复数。语动词是复数。eitheror,“不是不是就是就是”；“或或或或”,neithernor，“既不既不也不也不”；“都不都不”连接两个并列主语时谓语动连接两个并列主语时谓语动词的数一般应与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致，词的数一般应与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致，如：如：1)BothZhangandWangaregoodstudents.张、王都是好学生。2)Eitheryouorheisright.不是你就是他对的。3)NeitherhenorIamascientist.他和我都不是科学家。Ne

18、itherofusisaworker.Noneofthemare/isgoodatcooking neither和和 none1.neither/noneof+人称代词（宾格）人称代词（宾格）2.neitherof两者都不两者都不,谓语用单数谓语用单数3.none用于三者或三者以上的否定；谓语单复用于三者或三者以上的否定；谓语单复数均可数均可 PeriodIIoneonesonetheother(s)someothersanotheritone,another,the other1.one常用来作代词,替代前文所出现的可数名词单数,表示人或物,以避免重复。例如：Ihaventgotaballp

19、en.Illhavetobuyone.(=aballpen)我没圆珠笔，我得去买一支。Whichonedoyoulike?Thebigone.你喜欢哪一个?大的一个。2.theother,another都可解释为“另一个”。other加上定冠词用于两者中的另一个，another指三者以上中的另一个。例如：Hehastwobrothers.Oneisadoctor,theotherisateacher.Wevereceivedtwoparcels,onefrommyuncleandtheotherfrommyaunt.Idontlikethisone,showmeanother,please.I

20、vejustboughtthreethings.Oneisawalkman,anotherisapocketcalculator,thethirdisavideogame.3.theotherotherstheotherstheother：1)特指两个中的另一个与one搭配构成“one，theother”句型。HehastwosonsOneisaworkertheotherisadoctor2)修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些Tomlikesswimmingandtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming，tooOthers相当于other+可数名词复数，泛指其他的人或物

21、，常与some搭配构成“some,others”句型。others可单独作主语或宾语。如：HeoftenhelpsothersSomelikeplayingbasketball，otherslikeplayingfootballtheothers特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物TherearefiftystudentsinourclassTwentyofthemaregirls，theothersareboys。one表示表示“一个一个”，可代替前面提到过的人或物的，可代替前面提到过的人或物的单数单数 形式。形式。ones可代替前面的复数名词。可代替前面的复数名词。Whichdressdoyou

22、like?Theonewiththewhitebelt.Theseshoesaretoosmall,letmetrytheoneswithoutlaceon.one ones1.it作人称代词作人称代词it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:Ningboisabeautifulcity,isntit?也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Isthisyourdog？No,itisnt.也可指抽象事物:Itwasagreatsurprisetomewhenhedidathinglikethat2.非人称代词非人称代词itit有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指自然现象、时间、

23、距离等，称为非人称代词it：指天气：Itisalovelyday,isntit?Itisabitwindy.It的用法的用法指时间:Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.指距离：Itishalfanhourswalktothecitycentre.3.It is+adj.该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的部分。Itisveryclearthathesroundandtalllikeatree.=Thathesroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.Itispossibleforhimtowinthefirstprize.=Tow

24、inthefirstprizeispossibleforhim.4.It作形式宾语作形式宾语Ifounditdifficultforhertoanswerthisquestion5.It和和oneIt用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：it和它替换的是同一个事物，it前无修饰语；而one用于替换与前提事物有共同之处但并不完全一样的事物，因此，one之前或之后可能有修饰语来加以区别。IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagoandIamstillusing_now.IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagobutIamgoingtobuyanew_soon.

25、itone1._oftheteachersarekindinourschool.A.EveryB.EachC.EitherDAll2.Ifyouneed_money,Illlendyou_.A.one,oneB.any，someC.some，anyD.any，any3.Hehas_totellus.A.somethingimportantB.importantsomethingC.anythingusefulD.usefulnothing4.CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowmorning?_isOK.Imfreetodayandtomorrow.A.EitherB.N

26、eitherC.BothD.None5.Oh,thereissomeoneintheroom._mustbemyteacher.A.ThereB.SheC.ThisD.It Exercise:6.NeitherInorhe_fromUSA.A.beB.areC.amD.is7.Everyonecanhaveapieceofbread,_?A.can,everyoneB.canttheyC.cantitD.cantshe8.Whydontyouget_toreadwhileyouareonholiday?A.anythingB.everythingC.somethingD.nothing9.Li

27、Leiistallerthan_inhisclass.A.anybodyB.anybodyelseC.elseanyoneD.somebodyelse10.Thereremorethantwentystudentsinourschool,but_ofthemarefromFrance.A.noneB.allC.neitherD.both.11._ofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasecret.A.EachB.AnyC.Noone D.None12.Wecouldnteatinarestaurantbecause_ofushad_moneyonus.A

28、.all;noB.any;noC.none;anyD.noone;any13.Therearetreeson_sideofthestreet.A.everyB.allC.eitherD.both14.Thereisadeskon_sideoftheroom.A.bothB.eitherC.allD.every15.WhichsidecanIsitontheboat?Ifyousitstill,youcansiton_.A.everysideB.allsidesC.bothsidesD.eitherside16.Itissaidthat_ofhisparentshavegonetoBeijing

29、.A.allB.everyC.bothD.either17.Somestudentsareabsent-minded,_ofthemheardwhattheteachersaid.A.allB.noneC.everyD.notall18.Is_here?No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.A.anybodyB.somebodyC.everybodyD.nobody19.Theywereallverytired,but_ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.A.anyB.someC.noneD.neither20.CanyoucomeonMondayorT

30、uesday?Imafraid_dayispossible.A.eitherB.neitherC.some D.any21.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroom,youllhavetopay_5.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.each22.Whichofthetwobooksdoyouwant?Iwant_.Pleaseshowme_.A.none;anotherB.all;theotherC.neither;theotherD.neither;another23._sideofthestreetislinedwithdifferentshops,_

31、ofwhichsellelectronicproducts.A.Both;bothB.Either;allC.Neither;eitherD.Either;both24.Doyouneedanythingelse?Yes,westillneed_aircrafts.A.moretwoB.anothertwoC.othertwopiecesofD.twootherpiecesof25.Ihadnoideawhichwasbetter,soItook_ofthem.A.anyB.every C.noneD.both26.Theexaminationwaseasy,wasntit?Yes,butId

32、ontthink_couldpassit.A.somebodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.everybody27.Isthereanyonewhocandothejob?.A.NoneB.Noone C.NotoneD.Notmanyones28.Iwantedsomewater,buttherewasinthebottle.A.noneB.noC.anyD.nothing29.TomandMaryhavearrived,butstudentsinyourclassarenthereyet.A.otherB.othersC.theotherD.theothers30.DoSeptem

33、berandAprilhavethirtydays?A.everyB.neitherC.eachD.all31.ofusisactiveinEnglishclass.A.EveryB.EveryoneC.EveryoneD.Anybody32.WehaveEnglishclassesday,Mondays,WednesdaysandFridays.A.eachotherB.everyotherC.thisandotherD.allother33.Theroomwasempty,butTomfeltthatwaswatchinghim.A.anybodyB.nobody C.somebodyD.

34、everybody34.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdontagreewith.A.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothing34.Onsideoftheroadtherearealotoftrees.A.allB.bothC.eitherD.neither35.Wereverybusybecausewehavesobookstoreadandso_worktodoeveryday.A.alot,muchB.many,muchC.many,alot D.much,many36.Iusuallyhaveeggsandmil

35、kforbreakfast.A.afew,afew B.alittle,alittleC.alittle,afewD.afew,alittle38.AreyourparentsinterestedinChinesefood?A.every B.bothC.allD.each39.Dontworry.Thereisstilltimeleft.A.little B.fewC.alittleD.afew40.Weshoulddotostopsandstormsfromhappeningagainandagain.A.nothing B.anythingC.somethingD.something41

36、.LiLeioftentalksbutdoes.Soeverybodysaysheisagoodboy.A.less,moreB.few,muchC.more,littleD.little,many42.Ihavethreecaps.Oneisred,areblack.A.anotherB.otherC.theother D.theothers43.Heisalonelyoldman.Hehasfriends.A.littleB.alittle C.fewD.afew44.“Wouldyoulikesometeawithsugarormilk,sir?”“No.Idmostliketeawit

37、hinit.”A.anythingB.nothingC.somethingD.everything45.Shealwaysthinksofmorethanherself.A.otherB.othersC.theotherD.theothers46.Therearequiteafewoldbooksontheshelf,butofthemisusefultohim.A.bothB.allC.neitherD.none47.Ifshedoesntwanttodoit,doeswantto?A.anybodyelse B.everybodyelseC.elseeverybodyD.elseanybo

38、dy58.“Whynotgotoseethefilm?”“Becausethereisnt,Ihear.”A.nothinginterestingB.somethinginterestingC.anythinginterestingD.interestingsomething49.MyfriendandIdontoftenwritetoomuchbecauseofushasmuchtime.A.allB.bothC.noneD.neither50.Wewereallverytired,butofuswouldliketohavearest.A.noneB.anyC.allD.neither51

39、.“AreyouinterestedinmathsorEnglish,Jack?”“.IpreferP.E.”A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.None52.“Ishere?”“No.WeiPingandLilyhaveaskedforleave.”A.anybody B.everybodyC.somebodyD.nobody53.Thereiswithmybike.SoIhavetowalkhome.A.wrongsomethingB.anythingwrongC.nothingwrongD.somethingwrong54.Theysawintheskywhiletheywerefishingbytheriver.A.somethingstrangeB.anythingstrangeC.strangesomethingD.strangeanything结束结束