医学专业英语--词汇教程文件.ppt

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1、医学专业英语-词汇origin of medical English words1.from common English2.from Latin 3.from Greek 4.coinageWords coming from Latinhuman bodyanatomyfunction or statuscerebrum(脑）ala（翼）rigor（寒战）pelvis（骨盆）plexus（丛）stuporcornea（角膜）plica（皱襞）nausea humerus（肱骨）fossa（窝）tonus（肌肉的强直性,强直性痉挛）lcapita（头）lcervix (颈）lbronchus（

2、支气管）lAbdomen腹部，腹腔lbrachium(臂）laorta（主动脉）los（骨）lremember them:lcutis（真皮）lfascia（筋膜）corpuslgenu（膝）vertebra（椎骨）llabium（唇）lsinus（窦）Words coming from Greeklthorax（胸）liris（虹膜）lmetra（子宫）lcolon（结肠）lstenosis（狭窄）lstasis（停滞）lptosis（下垂）lectopia（异位）other common medical words from Greeklstoma（口，小空）soma（身体，躯干）glot

3、tis（声门）lderma（真皮）llarynx（喉）lnephron（肾单位）lrachis（脊柱）lpharynx（咽）lphalanx（指骨）coinagelTularemia(Tulare；a place in California)（土拉菌病,兔热病；野兔病）lCushing Disease(first discovered by Harvey Cushing)lVen De berghs test(to test icterus and liver disease)some common coinageslAlzheimers disease/presenile dementia

4、l(早老性痴呆）lGravess disease/exophthalmic goiterl（突眼性甲状腺肿）lParkinsons disease/paralysis agitansl（震颤麻痹）lAddisons disease/chronic hypoadrenocorticisml（慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退）lPotts disease/spinal caries（脊柱骨疽）basic elements of medical words1.root(base)2.affixes:prefixes suffixes3.Vowels元音 thats join the parts above m

5、entionedSome examples of roots(bases)Word Root MeaningEpigraphic碑文的graphwritingAtrophy萎缩trophnourishing Some examples of roots(bases)Word Root MeaningLobotomy额叶切除术Lob(e)A subdivision of a bodily organ or part bounded by fissures,connective tissue,or other structural boundaries.Word RootMeaningUrolog

6、y泌尿学ur(ine)waste,fluid,acid product secreted by the kidneysIrotomy虹膜切开术ir(is)pigmented,round,contractile membrane of the eye,pericardiotomy 心包切开术cardioheart nephrotomy肾切开术 nephrkidneyl The combing vowellFind the combing vowels in the following words:lgeograph y地理lMetropolis大都市lOrthodox正统的lMonotonous

7、单调的lAnthology诗集loptometrist(验光师)lUrology泌尿学lHydrotherapy水疗法lAuriscope耳镜lCentigrade摄氏lMilimeter毫米lPelvimeter骨盆测量器 prefix and suffixSome common prefixes from Greeka an(without)anemia（贫血）anaerobe（厌氧细菌）pro(before）proenzyme（前酶；酶原）prognosis（预后）meta(after)metapneumonic（肺炎后的）metastasis（转移）endo(inside)endocr

8、ine（内分泌）endoderm（内皮）ecto(outside)ectopia（异位）ectocardia（异位心）en,em(in,into)endemic（地方性的）exo(out of)exocrine（外分泌）hypo(under,below)hypothermia（低温）hypothyroidism（甲状腺机能减退）hyper(over,above)hyperdontia（牙过多）peri (around)pericardium（心包）para (beside,near)paramedical（准医学的）anti(against)antibiotic（抗生素）antipyretic

9、（退热剂）syn,sym,syl (together,with)syndrome（综合症）symbiosis（共生）epi(on)epidemic（流行病）Some common prefixes from Latinin(without)insomnia(失眠）in somnia睡梦 indigestion（消化不良）ante(before)antenatal（出生前的）pre(before)prealveolar（牙槽前的）prediastole（舒张前期）post(after)postmortem（死后）postpartum（产后）intra intracellular（细胞内的）int

10、ravenous（静脉内的）lextra(outside)extradental(牙外的）l extraoral（口外的）lin(into)inoculation（接种）l invasion（入侵）lex(out of)excretion（排泄）l expiration（呼气；终止）lsub(below,under)subnormal（低于正常的l sublingual（舌下的）linfra(below,beneath)infrasonic（听阈下的）l infrapsychic（精神阈下的）Some common suffixes from Greeklia （状态）anorexia（厌食）

11、lism（状态，理论)l autism（孤僻症）l giantism（巨型）losis（状态，增多）l leukocytosis（白细胞增多）lin （素）l insulin（胰岛素）fibrin（纤维素）lgen,genic,genesisl(原；产生：的；产生）lfibrinogen（纤维蛋白原）llactogenic（乳生成的）ltropic,tropism l（亲：的；促：的）l hydrotropic（向水的）llphobia,phobic（恐怖）lhydrophobia（恐水病）lphilia,philiclchromophilia(嗜染性）lphotophilic（嗜光的）Com

12、peting formslalso called duplication.luse both Greek and Latin as sources for medical word bases.three types of competing forms :l1)those that have the same base but different combing vowels;l2)two forms of the same base;l3)two bases with the same meaning.(one from Greek,one from Latin)1)those that

13、have the same base but different combing vowelsexample:Bronchial支气管的 bronchopneumonia支气管肺炎 Oviduct输卵管 ovoplasm卵浆 l2)two forms of the same base;l example:lHemorrhage出血 hematology血液学 lIrotomy虹膜切开术 iridomalacia虹膜软化l l3)two bases with the same meaning.l(one from Greek,one from Latin)lsynonym:denote the

14、same object,process,condition,or functionl example Latin Greek Meaning dentist 牙医 odont olog ist teethlacrimal 泪腺dacry o cysttearoral 口的stomat o pathymouth exerciseslGive the meanings of the words given below:l dentist odontologist llacrimal dacryocystloral stomatopathylhemolhematolhematopoiesis（造血）

15、lhematocyte（血细胞）lhematodynamics（血液动力学）lsanguilsanguification（造血）lsanguineous（血液充足的）lsanguivorous(食血的）lsanguine（面色红润的；充满希望的）lsanguinary（血腥的；嗜血成性的lsomatolmedical words:lSomatology人体学 common wordlsomaticlcorp(corpus)lcorpor(corpora)lcorpselcorporeal lcorporeal punishmentlcorpulent（肥胖的）lcorps（军团）lcorporationreeklCl）Greek roots:can combine freely and causally same kinds:oto-rhino-laryngo-logy(耳鼻喉科）psycho-neurotic（精神神经病的）different kinds pan-col-ectomy（全结肠切除术）poly-dys-plas-ia（多种发育障碍）l）Latin rootslusually combined between the same kinds:lauri-nasallLabio-dental