医学英语速记大全教学文案.ppt

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1、医学英语速记大全认识世界的基本方法：3“w”原则lwhatlwhylhowwhy三个数字l10万：医学辞典l1.0万：常用医学词汇l0.1万：每年医学新词医学英语术语究竟有多少?很难说清楚。最常用的恐怕也不下1万万条左右，若包括较常用的在内总有数万条；一部比较完全的医学词典，通常都收载有10万万条左右的医学词汇。随着医学及其边缘科学的迅猛发展，新的术语仍在与日俱增。特别是最近几十年来，每年差不多要出现1000条左右新术语。因而总的说来，医学英语术语的条数是一个非常可观的数量。除了上述三个原因以外，还有一个“词条冗长词条冗长”的问题。固然有些医学英语术语和普通的英语单词差不多，仅由几个字母或十几

2、个字母组成，通过反复地读和写能够记住它们，但也有不少的医学英语术语，却是长长的一大串.例如：cystoureteropyelonephritis膀胱输尿管肾盂肾炎hepatocholangioenterostomy肝管小肠吻合术请看这样的医学英语术语，一般由30个字母组成，如果凭藉我们的记忆能力，硬是把它们一个字母一个字母地连续背下来，显然也不是一件轻松的事。问题已经摆出来了，一个是数量大，一个是词条长，怎么解决呢?我们能不能仔细地研究分析一下这千千万万条医学英语术语的构成规律，找出一条“捷径”来，使其由多至少、化繁为简、从难变易，以利于我们更快、更多、更好地把它们掌握起来?howtomast

3、ermedicaltermrapidly规律性lmedical term：按构词规则构成的：按构词规则构成的词占词占80；另一部分是人名，药名；另一部分是人名，药名等构成的词等构成的词,占占20；先介绍几个有关词结构方面的概念。l词根是一个单词的核心词根是一个单词的核心l词缀包括前缀和后缀（词缀包括前缀和后缀（prefixandsuffix）l词素（词素（morpheme）泛指词根和词缀）泛指词根和词缀l一条医学英语术语的构成，一条医学英语术语的构成，“原则上原则上”应该是采应该是采用来源一致的词素。用来源一致的词素。l当以两个或两个以上词素构成一条医学英语术当以两个或两个以上词素构成一条医学

4、英语术语时，为了读音上的便利，常常需要在两个词语时，为了读音上的便利，常常需要在两个词素之间额外加上一个素之间额外加上一个“连合元音连合元音”(也叫也叫“复合形复合形”或或“结合形结合形”，combining form)。l一般说来，在两个希腊词素之间常加用元音一般说来，在两个希腊词素之间常加用元音“o”，而在两个拉丁词素之间常加用元音，而在两个拉丁词素之间常加用元音“i”(但但有时也有例外有时也有例外)。第一章第一章医学英语术语医学英语术语构词规则构词规则下面先举出几个例子，以便取得一个初步印象。l希腊词素连合元音希腊词素希腊词素pyel十o十nephr十itis词根(肾盂)词根(肾)词尾(

5、炎)pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎希腊词素希腊词素 连合元音连合元音 希腊词素希腊词素 连合元音连合元音 希腊词素希腊词素leuk+o+cyt+o+peria词根词根(白白)词根词根(细胞细胞)词尾词尾(减少，不足减少，不足)1eukocytopenia白细胞减少拉丁词素连合元音拉丁词素mult十i十para词根(多)词尾(产，产妇)multipara多产妇拉丁词素连合元音希腊词素希腊词素fibr十o十chondr+itis词根(纤维)词根(软骨)词尾(炎)fibrochondritis纤维软骨炎医学术语分类l从属关系：词根+词缀关系l并列关系：词根+词根从属关系：词根+词缀关系gast

6、r+o+itisgastritis胃炎规则一：后缀以元音开头，“o”省略leuk+o+cyt+o+penia词根(白)词根(细胞)词尾(减少）规则二：后缀以辅音开头，“o”不能省略leukocytopenia白细胞减少并列关系：词根+词根规则：元音（o）不能省略gastr+o+enter+o+ic胃肠的并列关系从属关系hepat+o+cholangi+o+enter+o+ostomy并列关系并列关系从属关系肝管小肠吻合第二节第二节常用后缀常用后缀l简单后简单后缀l复合后缀简单后简单后缀:-ia(2),condition-病，-症复合后缀：-emia,-algia,-(o)rrhagia,-ec

7、tasia,-malacia,-odynia,-plegia,-uria,-penia-peniadeficiency,lack不足，缺少,减少lleucopenia白细胞减少lerythropenia红细胞减少llymphopenia淋巴细胞减少lthrombopenia血小板减少单词重音在倒数第二音节的词尾l-escence(2)adolescencel-escent(2)adolescentl-ian(2)pediatricianl元音+tion(2)accomodationl-ious(2)infectiousl-ate(2)reticulatel-ity(2)disability-u

8、riaurinecondition尿（症）hematuria(hemat/uria)血尿-plegiastroke,paralysis中风，麻痹thermoplegia(therm/o/plegia)热射病，中暑-odyniapain痛cardiodynia心痛-malaciasoftening软化osteomalacia(oste/o/malacia)骨软化-ectasiaorectasisstretching,dilatation扩张，膨胀nephrectasia(nephr/ectasia)肾扩张-ectasis扩张langiectasis血管扩张lbronchiectasis支气管扩张

9、-algiapain痛arthralgia(atther/algia)关节痛neuralgia神经痛arthralgia关节痛-emiabloodcondition血病,血症leukemia(leuk/emia)白血病bacteremia菌血症septicemia败血症hypercholesterolemia高胆固醇血症-orrhagia出血gastrorrhagia胃出血简单后缀简单后缀-y:condition,act,process-术，术，-法，法，-症症复合后缀-metry,-otomy,-ectomy,-graphy,-iatry,-ology,-pexy,-plasty,-(o)r

10、rhaphy,-stomy,-scopy,-megaly-scopy(3)examination,processofexaminingvisually镜检查，视诊laryngoscopy喉镜检查bronchoscopy支气管镜检查gastroscopy胃镜检查colonoscopy结肠镜检查cystoscopy膀胱镜检查-ostomyprocessofmakinganopeningintooraconnectionbetween开口或吻合造口(术)或吻合(术)lanastomosis吻合术lcolostomy结肠造口术lgastrostomy胃造口术-(o)rrhaphysuturing,pr

11、ocessofsuturing缝合术Hermiorrhaphy疝缝术,疝修补术-rrhaphy缝合术lcolporrhaphy阴道缝合术lherniorrhaphy疝缝合术-plasty(4)surgicalreshapingorrepair成形术arthroplasty关节成形术urethroplasty尿道成形术osteoplasty(oste/o/plasty)骨成形术成形术-pexylafixingorsettingfirmlyinplacebysuturing固定术lhepatopexy肝固定手术-ology(3)actorprocessofstudying学Pharmacology

12、药理学-logist(3)onewhostudiesandtreats学者和治疗者urologist(ur/o/logist)泌尿专家-iatryoriatricshealing愈合,医.之术podiatry医足术-graphy(3)processofrecording描记术-graph(3)thatwhichrecords描记器-gram(3)therecorditself描记图-ectomyexcision,processofcuttingout切除(术)llaryngectomy喉切除术lthyroidectomy甲状腺切除术lmastectomy乳房切除术lcholecystectom

13、y胆囊切除术lappendectomy阑尾切除术-otomyincision,processofcuttinginto切开(术)llaparotomy剖腹术ltracheotomy气管切开术lcramiotomy颅骨切开术-metrymeasurement测量,测定(术）ldynamometry肌力测量法lpelvimetry骨盆测量法-megalylarge大latriomegaly心房肥大lventriculomegaly心室扩大lsplenomegaly脾大ltyphlomegaly盲肠巨大-eaninstrument器械或名词后缀复合后缀：-scope,-tome,-cele,-cyt

14、e-tomeinstrumentforcutting刀arthrotome关节刀-cytenounmarker,referringtoacell细胞leukocyte(leuk/o/cyte)白细胞-celehernia,herniation突出，疝，肿thyrocele(thyr/o/cele)甲状腺肿-scopeinstrumentforviewing镜llaryngoscope喉镜lbronchoscope支气管镜llaparoscope腹腔镜lophthalmoscope检眼镜-itis(2)inflammation炎症hepatitis(hepat/itis)肝炎-istonewho

15、specializesin的专家，学者ldermatologist皮肤病专家-or(er)referstoadoer,eitherapersonorthing工作者(人或工具)lincisor(in/cis/or)切牙-osis(2)acondition,usuallyabnormalorpathological异常或病理情况sclerosis(scler/osis)硬化症-oma(2)swelling,tumor肿胀，肿瘤sarcoma(sar/oma)肉瘤-ismacondition,usuallytheresultofapriorcondition情况，前一情况的结果embolism(e

16、m/bol/ism)栓塞-(i)um(2)referstoapartinrelationtoawhole,relatedto部分与整体关系，与有关pericardium(peri/cardi/um)心包epigastrium(epi/gastr/ium)上腹部-ac的cardiac(cardi/ac)心脏的-al的lbronchial(bronch/i/al)l支气管的l-ar的tonsillar(tonsill/ar)扁桃体的-ic(2)的lhepatic(hepat/ic)肝的-eal的esophageal(esophag/eal)食道-ary的lciliary(cili/ary)睫状的-

17、ous的含的分泌的mucous(muc/ous)粘液的fibrous(fibr/ous)纤维性的sebaceous(seb/ace/ous)皮脂的-oid(3)类似，象cystoid(cyst/oid)囊样的-meterinstrumentformeasuring测量用器具thermoneter(therm/o/meter)温度计-meter(3)计、表lspiromet呼吸量计,肺量计lophthalmometer检眼计-(o)rrhea(1)flow,discharge流出，分泌diarrhea(dia/rrhea)腹泻-lysis dissolution溶解decomposition解体

18、hemolysis(hem/o/lysist)溶血-pathydisease,diseasedcondition病，病理情况lophthalmopathy 眼病-blastacellthatisundifferentiated,primitive,embryonic未分化的原始胚细胞hemocytoblast成血细胞、原血细胞-centesissurgicalpuncturetowithdrawfluid外科穿刺吸液amniocentesis羊膜穿刺术-centesis穿刺术lparacentesis穿刺术lthoracocentesis胸腔穿刺术lamniocentesis羊膜穿刺术abdo

19、minocentesis腹腔穿刺术-clysiswashing,introductionoffluidforthepurposeofirrigation洗bronchoclysis(bronch/o/clysis)支气管灌洗-ptosisafalling,thedroppingorsaggingofanorgan落下nephroptosis(nephr/o/ptosis)肾下垂-ptysis咳、咯lhemoptysis咯血lpyoptysis咯脓-(o)rrhexisrupture破裂hepatorrhexis(hepat/o/orhexis)肝破裂-sclerosisahardening硬化

20、arteriosclerosis(hepat/o/sclerosis)动脉硬化-stasisarresting,halting停止，制止bacteriostasis(bacteri/o/stasis)制菌作用-stenosisanarrowing,astricture变狭，狭窄arteriostenosis(arteri/o/stenosis)动脉狭窄-gram图像lelectrocardiogram心电图electroencephalogram脑电图-graph描记器lpneumograph呼吸描记器-emesis呕吐lemetic催吐的lantiemetic止吐的50个常用词根ladenl

21、angilarterilarthrlblepharlbronchlcardilcelilcephallcerebrlglandlvessellarteryljointleyelidlbronchuslheartlabdomen(abdominalcavity)lheadlcerebrum,brain50个常用词根lcheillcholangildermatlencephallenterlerythrlesophaglgastrlhepatlhypnlliplbileductlskinlbrainlintestineslredlesophaguslstomachlliverlsleep50个常用

22、词根lhysterllaparllarynglmammlmeninglmylmyellmyelonlnephrlneurluteruslabdomenllarynxlbreastlmeningeslmusclelbonemarrow;spinalcordlbonemarrowlkidneylnerve50个常用词根lpsychlrachilrhinlsplenlstomatlthoracltrachelurethrluterlvesiclmindlvertebra;spinalorvertebralcolumnlnoselspleenlmouthlthorax(chest)ltrachealu

23、rethraluteruslbladder;sac50个常用词根lophthalmlorchidlostelotlpancreatlpharynglphrenlpleurlpneumonlproctleyeltestis;testiclelbonelearlpancreaslpharynxlmindlpleurallung;airlrectum第三节第三节前缀前缀a-l用于非h或非元音字母开头的形容词前（否则，变为an-）,la+adjadj表否定:withoutorabsenceof不,无,没有,缺离lamorphous无定形的lapnea呼吸暂停lanhydrosis无汗症a-l用在名词前

24、,含有in,on,at,by,with,to等意：a+nadvlasleep在熟睡中(in)lahead在前头(in)laside在一边（by）labreast肩并肩地（with）a-la+nadjlalight燃烧的a-la+adjadvlaloud高声地laright正确地ab-from,awayfrom从，离开l在m,p,v之前用a-;在c,q,t之前用ab-labarticular关节脱位ad-to,toward,near向，靠近，到上adrenal肾上腺ad-l在g前变为ag lf前变为af,afferentl在l前变为all在n前变为an l在r前变为arl在s前变为as l在t前

25、变为atl在sc,sp,st前变为a-l在c,k,q同化成acana-up,backagain向上，重回到anabolism合成代谢ante-before在前anteflexion前屈bi(n,s)two,double两，加倍,二biceps二头肌auto-self自己lautotrophic自营的apo-upon在之上lapogee远地点anti-against反抗lantidote解毒剂antero-front前lanteroposterior前后的circum-around环行，围绕lcircumduction环行运动brady-slow缓慢的lbradycardia心率缓慢cata-d

26、ownlcatabiosis老化现象co(n)-with,together与，在一起lcocarcimogenesis辅致癌物质co(n)-lh或元音字母前变成co-,ll前变成col-lb,m,p前变成com-lr前变成cor-l在c,d,f,g,j,n,q,s,t,v前用con-contra-against反抗lcontraceptive节育dia-though;complete通过，透过，横过ldiarthermy透热法di-twice,double二倍，加倍ldiarthric两关节的de-from;downfrom;lackof从.,缺乏，脱ldeoxidation脱氧dis-lap

27、art,freefrom,separate,toundo;freefro离开，分开ldislocation脱位，脱臼l二，加倍disulfideldys-bad,painful,difficult,labored,abnormal困难的，缓慢的，疼痛的.ldysentery痢疾ec(to)-outside,outer外面，在外lectoderm外胚层en-（在b,m,p之前变成em-）in,within内，在内lencephalic脑endo-inside,inner,within内,内部lendocrine内分泌eu-(mal-)good,well,normal好、正常，佳，优leuphor

28、ia欣快，精神愉快epi-over,upon,on外面，上面,表，表位，在.上面lepigastrium上腹部eso-inwardlesocataphoria内下隐斜视e-外出，除去，缺lecaudate无尾的ex（o）-outof,from,outside,outward外面，向外的,在之外，离开excision切除l在b,d,g,h,m,n,r之前有时变成e-在f前变成ef-efferent传出的extra-outsideof,beyond在外面，超过extracorporeal体外的hemi-half(一)半lhemiparalysis偏瘫hyper-above,excessive高，过

29、度，过多的lhypertention高血压hypo-under,lessthannormal,below,incomplete,deficient低少于正常,低，不足的，有缺陷的lhypoglycemia低血糖in-in,into在内,进入lingestion摄入in-not否定,不lincoagulability不凝性l在b,m,p之前变成im-l在l前变成il-l在r前变成ir-infra-below,lower在下,低于linfracostal肋下的intra-within（在）内lintravenous静脉的inter-between在-之间linterventricular室间的lm

30、eta-after,beyond,change偏,旁,变lmacro-large大lmal-bad,malnutrition营养不良lmeso-middlemesoderm中胚层lmicro-small小lmulti-many多lneo-（paleo-）new新lnulli-none无lob-（在c,f,g,p前分别变成oc-,of-,og-,op-）对抗，颠倒，在前，朝向，接近lobovate倒卵形的pan-all,total(在b,m,p之前变成pam-)完全，全部，总，泛，多lpanangitis血管全层炎para-beside,alongside,abnormal,beyond,aro

31、und旁，附着，异常paranephric肾旁的，肾上腺的l(-para)产per-through通过lperoral经口的post-after,behind在后，在-后方lpostnasal鼻后的peri-surrounding(outer),around周围perihepatitis肝周炎pre-before,infrontoflpremolar前磨牙semi-half半lsemisynthetic半合成的pros-to,near,inadditionto到，靠近，加上lprosthetice修复学pro-before,infrontof在之前prognosis预后poly-many,mu

32、chlpolypeptide多肽lre-backlretro-back;behindsub-under,below在下lsubcutaneous皮下的supra-above,over高于，超过lsupracranial颅上的super-above,over高于，超过lsuperlactation泌乳过多syn-（在b,m,p之前变成sym-）with,together,joined与在一起，合成lsynapse突触，神经键trans-across,through,over,beyondltransabdominal通过腹部的tachy-fast;rapidtachycardia心动过速tetr

33、a-fourltetralogy四联症ltri-threetrimester三月期luni-oneunilateral单侧的ultra-beyond;excessultrasonic超声的part各系统常用各系统常用词根词根与与例例词词表表第一章第一章 心血管系统心血管系统cardi(o)-心cardiovascular心血管的cardiogenic心源性的cardiopulmonary心肺的cardiopathy心脏病atri(o)-心房atrial心房的atriopeptin心房肽激素atrioventricular房室的atriomegaly心房肥大ventricul(o)-心室vent

34、ricular(心)室的ventriculoarterial心室动脉的ventriculography心室造影术ventriculomegaly心室扩大valv(o)-valvul(o)-瓣膜valvular瓣膜的valvotomy瓣膜切开术valvoplasty瓣膜成形术valvuloplasty瓣膜成形术vas(o)-angi(o)血管vascular血管的vasoconstriction血管收缩vasodilator血管舒张(的)vasculitis脉管angiography血管造影术angiotensin血管紧张素arteri(o)-动脉arterial动脉的arteriography

35、动脉造影术arteriosclerosis动脉硬化arteritis动脉炎arteriol(o)-小动脉arteriolar小动脉的arterioloscleroisis小动脉硬化arteriolopathy小动脉病arteriolonecrosis小动脉坏死arteriolitis小动脉炎arteriolovenous小动脉静脉的ven(o)-phleb(o)-静脉venous静脉的venoconstriction静脉收缩venography静脉造影术venodilation静脉扩张phlebitis静脉炎phlebotomy静脉切开术venul(o)-小静脉venular小静脉的venul

36、itis小静脉炎aort(o)主动脉aortic主动脉的aortography主动脉造影术aortitis主动脉炎aortotomy主动脉切开术capillar(o)-毛细血管capillarity毛细作用capillaritis毛细管炎capillaropathy毛细血管病puls(o)-脉搏pulsed脉搏的，脉冲的pulseless无脉搏的pulsation搏动pulsate搏动第二章第二章呼吸系统呼吸系统-spir(o)呼吸respiratory呼吸的expiratory呼气的inspiratory吸气的expire呼气pneum(o)-呼吸pneumothorax气胸pneumome

37、diastinum纵隔积气pneumat(o)-呼吸pneumatic气的，呼吸的pneumotosis积气症-pnea呼吸apnea呼吸暂停dyspnea呼吸困难pneo-呼吸eupnea呼吸正常pneogram呼吸运动描记图naso-鼻nasal鼻的nasolacrimal鼻泪的nas(o)-鼻nasopharyngeal鼻咽的nasotracheal鼻气管的rhin(o)-鼻rhinitis鼻炎rhinotracheitis鼻气管rhinovirus鼻病毒rhinopneumonitis鼻肺炎laryng(o)-喉laryngeal喉的laryngitis喉炎laryngoscope喉镜

38、laryngoscopy喉镜检查glott(o)-声门,舌glottic声门的，舌的glottal声门的glottitis舌炎glottology舌学trache(o)-气管tracheal气管的trachectomy气管切开术trachitis气管炎tracheobronchial气管支气管的bronch(o)-支气管bronchial支气管的bronchoconstriction支气管收缩bronchitis支气管炎bronchiectasis支气管扩张bronchopulmonary支气管肺的bronchiol(o)-细支气管bronchiolitis细支气管炎bronchioli(br

39、onchiolus复数)bronchiolar细支气管的bronchiolectasis细支气管扩张pulmo(n)-肺pulmonary肺的pulmonology肺科学pulmonectomy全肺切除术pneumon(o)-肺pneumonia肺炎pneumonectomy肺切除术pneumoconiosis尘肺病pneumococcal肺炎球菌的pneumocyte肺细胞alveol(o)-肺泡alveolar小泡的alveolitis肺泡炎alveoli(alveoli复数)alveolocapillary肺泡毛细管的pleur(o)-胸膜pleural胸膜的pleuritis肺胸膜炎p

40、leurisy胸膜炎pleuropneumonia胸膜肺炎第三章第三章消化系统消化系统-gest(o)-消化digestive消化的maldigestion消化不良ingestion食入，摄入indigestion消化不良peps(o)-消化pepsin胃蛋白酶pepstatin胃酶抑素dyspepsia消化不良pepsinogenic胃蛋白原的pharyng(o)-咽pharyngeal咽的pharyngo1aryngeal咽喉的pharyngitis咽炎pharyngotonsillitis咽扁桃体炎pharyngoplasty咽成形术pharyngectomy咽部分切除术esophag(

41、o)-食管esophageal食管的esophagectomy食管切除术esophagitis食管炎esophagoscopy食管镜检查gastr(o)-胃gastrointestinal胃肠的gastrin促胃液素gastric胃的gastritis胃炎gastrectomy胃切除术gastroenterology胃肠病学stomach-胃stomachial胃的stomachodynia胃痛stomachalgia胃痛stomachoscopy胃检查enter(o)-肠enterotoxin肠毒素enterobacteriaceae肠杆菌科enteric,enteral肠的enteroco

42、ccus肠球菌科duoden(o)-十二指肠duodenal十二指肠的duodenogastric十二指肠胃的duodenitis十二指肠炎duodenoscopy十二指肠镜检查jejun(o)-空肠jejunal空肠的jejunoileal空肠回肠的jejunitis空肠炎jejunostomy空肠造口术ile(o)-回肠ileal回肠的ileocolic回肠结肠的ileitis回肠炎ileocolostomy回肠结肠吻合术ileocecal回肠盲肠的ileorectal回肠直肠的colon(o)-结肠colonic结肠的colonoplasty结肠成形术colonoscopy结肠镜检查co

43、lonofibroscope纤维结肠镜cec(o)-盲肠cecal盲肠的cecoapendicular盲肠阑尾的cecocolonic盲肠结肠的cecorectal盲肠直肠的typhl(o)-盲肠typhlitis盲肠炎typhlostomy盲肠造口术typhlocolitis盲肠结肠炎typhlomegaly盲肠巨大appendic(o)-阑尾appendicitis阑尾炎appendiceal阑尾的append(ic)ectomy阑尾切除术sigmoid(o)-乙状结肠sigmoidal乙状结肠的sigmoidoscopy乙状结肠镜检查sigmoiditits乙状结肠炎sigmoidost

44、omy乙状结肠造口术rect(o)-直肠rectal直肠的rectocolitis直肠结肠炎rectoromanoscopy直肠乙状结肠镜检查an(o)-肛门anal肛门的anorectal肛门直肠的perianal肛周的anoscopy肛门镜检查procto(co)-肛门proctalgia肛门痛proctatresia肛门闭锁arch(o)肛门architis肛门炎archoptosis脱肛cholecyst(o)-orcyst-胆囊cholecystitis胆囊炎cholecystography胆囊造影术cho1ecystokinin缩胆素cholecystectomy胆囊切除术chol

45、ecystotomy胆囊切开术cholecyststomy胆囊造口术jec-肝jecoral肝的jecoicacid肝酸hepat(o)-肝hepatic肝的heparin肝素hepatitis肝炎hepatocellular肝细胞的pancreat(o)-胰pancreatic胰的pancreatin胰酶pancreatitis胰腺炎pancreatopeptidase胰肽酶choledoch(o)-胆总管choledochal胆总管的choledochocele胆总管囊肿cholangi(o)-胆管cholangitis胆管炎cholangiopancreatography胆管胰造影术ch

46、olangiography胆管造影术第四章第四章泌尿系统泌尿系统urin(o)-尿urinary尿的，泌尿的urinalysis尿分析（法）urination排尿ur(o)-uron(o)-尿urology泌尿学urodynamics尿动力学uremia尿毒症urogenital泌尿生殖器的ren(o)-肾renal肾的renography肾x线照相术renin肾素renovascular肾血管的nephr(o)-肾nephrology肾病学nephrectomy肾切nephropathy肾病变nephritis肾炎nephron肾单位nephrotoxicity肾毒性pelvi-肾盂pelv

47、iscopy肾盂检查术ueteropelvic输尿管肾盂的pelviplasty肾盂成形术pelviureteral肾盂输尿管的pyel(o)-肾盂pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎pyelography肾盂造影术ureter(o)-输尿管ureteral输尿管的ureteroscopy输尿管镜检查ureteric输尿管的ureterocele输尿管囊肿vesic(o)-膀胱vesical膀胱的vesicostomy膀胱造口术vesicovaginal膀胱阴道的veslcorectal膀胱直肠的cyst(o)-膀胱cystic囊(膀胱，胆囊)的cystoscopy膀胱镜检查cystitis膀

48、胱炎cystostomy膀胱造口术meat(o)-尿道meatal道的，口的meatoscope尿道窥镜meatotomy尿道口切开术meatoplasty尿道成形术urethr(o)-尿道urethral尿道的urethritis尿道炎urethrotomy尿道切开术urethroplasty尿道成形术第五章第五章内分泌系统内分泌系统secret(o)-分泌secretory分泌的secretagogue促分泌的secrete分泌secretin促胰液素crin(o)-分泌endocrinology内分泌学endocrinopathy内分泌病endocrine内分泌的autocrine自分泌

49、gland腺prostaglandin前列腺素glandula腺，小腺glandular腺的aden(o)-腺adenosine腺(嘌呤核)苷adenovirus腺病毒adenocarcinoma腺癌adenoma腺瘤hypothalam(o)-下丘脑hypothalamic下丘脑的hypothalamitis下丘脑炎hypothalamoneurohypophyseal下丘脑-神经垂体系统hypophys(o)-垂体hypophyseal垂体的pituitarism垂体机能障碍hypophysiotropic促垂体的hypophysectomy垂体切除术hypophyseoprivic垂体分

50、泌缺乏的pineal(o)松果体pinealopathy松果体病pinealectomy松果体切除术pinealoma松果体瘤pinealism松果体机能障碍thyr(o)-甲状腺thyroiditis甲状腺炎thyroxine甲状腺素hyrotrophin促甲状腺激素thyroglobulin甲状腺球蛋白triiodothyronine三碘甲腺原氨酸adren(o)-肾上腺odrenaline肾上腺素adrenergic肾上腺素能的adrenoceptor肾上腺素能受体adrenocorticotrophic促肾上腺素皮质的gonad(o)-性腺lgonadotropin促性腺激素lgona