大学英语专业英语写作课件（英文版）.ppt

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1、Note-WritingBasicInformation便条（右称短筏）作为专业英语四级考试对英语应用文的考查点便条（右称短筏）作为专业英语四级考试对英语应用文的考查点之一，是每年的固定题目。之一，是每年的固定题目。20052005年专业四级考试大纲将便条的分年专业四级考试大纲将便条的分值由值由5 5分增至分增至1010分。分。考试大纲对英语专业写作便条部分的测试要求是考试大纲对英语专业写作便条部分的测试要求是“根据提示写大根据提示写大约约50-6050-60个词的便条。要求做到格式正确，语言得体。考试时间为个词的便条。要求做到格式正确，语言得体。考试时间为1010分钟。分钟。”便条根据其用途

2、可分成很多种类，经常考到的种类包括：邀请类便条根据其用途可分成很多种类，经常考到的种类包括：邀请类便条、致歉类便条、慰问类便条、致谢类便条和祝贺类便条等。便条、致歉类便条、慰问类便条、致谢类便条和祝贺类便条等。便条写作是专业四级考试中得分很有灵活性的题目，既可得满分，便条写作是专业四级考试中得分很有灵活性的题目，既可得满分，也可得低分。其得分高低的关键之一在于格式是否正确。考试大也可得低分。其得分高低的关键之一在于格式是否正确。考试大纲对英语专业写作测试要求中提到：纲对英语专业写作测试要求中提到：“便条写作最主要的是注意便条写作最主要的是注意格式正确。格式正确。”因此，我们首先要熟练掌握便条写

3、作的格式。因此，我们首先要熟练掌握便条写作的格式。CriteriaofNote-WritingFormatofNote(3points)-Date(1point)-Salutation(1point)-Theclose/theaddresser(1point)Content(3points)AllthenecessaryinformationshouldbementionedLanguage(4points)ThefirstsentenceshouldnotbecopiedfromthedirectionIflanguageandexpressionarenotgood(includinggr

4、ammarandspellingmistakes),minus0.51.5points;iftherearemorethanthreespellingmistakes,minus1point.CriteriaofNote-WritingGradingcriteriaasawhole5pointswouldbegivenifthenotecontainsnoseriouslanguagemistakes,iswrittenincorrectformat,withcompletecontentandappropriatelanguage,plusthenumberofwordsisbetween4

5、0and80.Thetotalnumberofwordsshouldbeabout5060;1pointwouldbedeductedifthenumberofwordsislessthan40ormorethan80.FormatofNoteIndentedStyle March 22,2011Dear Tom,I am very concerned about your health Yours sincerely,AliceFormatofNoteBlockStyle March 22,2011Dear Tom,I am very concerned about your health

6、Yours sincerely,Alice1.Heading:month+date January 1(or:January 1st),or:Jan.1 February 2(or:February 2nd),or:Feb.2 March 3(or:March 3rd),no short form April 4(or:April 4th),no short form May 5(or:May 5th),no short form June 6(or:June 6th),no short formJuly 7(or:July 7th),no short formAugust 8(or:Augu

7、st 8th),or Aug.8 September 9(or:September 9th),or:Sept.9 or:Sep.9October 10(or:October 10th),or:Oct.10November 11(or:November 11th),or:Nov.11December 12(or:December 12th),or Dec.122.Salutation:Dear Mr.-,Dear Miss-,Dear Mrs.-,Dear Ms.-,Dear Prof.-,Dear Doc.-,Dear Sir or Madam,Dear David,3.Body(50-60w

8、ords):Asrequired.4.Signature:Assuggested.(1)Yourssincerely(truly,faithfully,respectively,affectionately),Sally(2)Sincerely(Truly,Faithfully,Respectfully,affectionately)yours,Sally2007Yourclassmate,Jimmy,isheadoftheuniversitysswimmingclub.Hehasinvitedyoutojointheclub,butyoulikesomeothersport.Writehim

9、anote,declininghisinvitationandexplainingwhy.March20DearJimmy,Thankyouverymuchforyourkindinvitationtoyourswimmingclubtheotherdaywemetatthecampus.ButaftercarefulconsiderationIregrettotellyouherethatcomparedwithswimming,tabletennisismorepreferabletome,asIcantswimatall.Besides,swimmingisenergy-consumin

10、gwhiletabletenniscanbeplayedleisurelywithmyfriends.Anywaythankyouagainforyourgood-will.Bestwishes!Trulyyours,Mary1）诚挚邀请对方参加某一活动；）诚挚邀请对方参加某一活动；2）概括介绍活动的内容和安排；）概括介绍活动的内容和安排；3）盼望对方回复或者再次表示诚意。）盼望对方回复或者再次表示诚意。(1)INVITATION Oct.10Dear Ms.Gates,We are having a party in our classroom#201 to celebrate the Mi

11、d-Autumn Festival.Would it be possible for you to join us at 8 p.m.on Friday,October 12?We would be very happy if you could be with us.Students of Class 5表示邀请的常用表达方式：表示邀请的常用表达方式：1)Lets go to 2)Would you care to join our little party?3)We are going to have a dance to celebrate and would love to have

12、you join us.4)I would be delighted if you could spare some time from your busy schedule to attend5)I am writing on behalf of all the members of our Literature Society to ask6)Is it possible for us to meet at to discuss?7)Shall we meet at to talk about?8)If you have no other appointments/plans tomorr

13、ow afternoon,shall we have a talk over?9)Wed like to invite you to a spring picnic with us.应邀应邀（表示接受应包括以下内容）：（表示接受应包括以下内容）：1）表达收到邀请后的欣喜之情；）表达收到邀请后的欣喜之情；2）表示感谢；）表示感谢；3）确切表示会赴邀。）确切表示会赴邀。婉拒（表示拒绝应包括以下内容）：婉拒（表示拒绝应包括以下内容）：1）收到邀请；）收到邀请；2）表示感谢；）表示感谢；3）阐述不能赴邀的原因；）阐述不能赴邀的原因；4）表示遗憾和良好的祝愿）表示遗憾和良好的祝愿(2)REPLY表示应邀

14、的常用表达方式表示应邀的常用表达方式1)We are delighted to accept2)We look forward with pleasure to joining you.3)It is with great pleasure4)We are sincerely happy to join you5)Nothing could give me greater pleasure than accepting your kind invitation.表示婉拒的常用表达方式表示婉拒的常用表达方式1)I have much pleasure in accepting your invi

15、tation,but deeply having refused owning to a previous engagement.2)I would have been so much delighted to be with you but3)Nothing would please me more than to join you for diner but unfortunately4)I shall have to say no to your kind invitation5)Because of we find we cannot6)How I wish I could reach

16、 there.7)Its a pity I cant join you for the occasion.8)Its too bad that the date coincides with my grandfathers birthday.9)Unfortunately,I am not well.10)Unfortunately,it will be impossible11)I do hope you would accept my sincere apologies for my absence.AssignmentYou,Wang Ling,have just received a

17、note from Zhou Wei,a close friend of yours,inviting you to her birthday party on the coming Saturday.Now write to inform her of your acceptance of the invitation.Marks will be awarded for content,organization,grammar and appropriateness.Composition 一篇短文的引言非常重要，其作用犹如段落的主题句。一篇短文的引言非常重要，其作用犹如段落的主题句。引言段

18、的写作取决于写作目的，读者和文章体裁。一个好引言段的写作取决于写作目的，读者和文章体裁。一个好的引言既可开宗明义地点明主题，又可吸引并暗示读者正的引言既可开宗明义地点明主题，又可吸引并暗示读者正文的内容及表达方法以引导读者进行有效阅读。请看下面文的内容及表达方法以引导读者进行有效阅读。请看下面介绍的引言段的写作方法。介绍的引言段的写作方法。引言段的写作引言段的写作 The Introductory Part1、演绎法、演绎法(Deduction)将主题句放在段首。开门见山推出文章主题，使读者对文章将要讨论的内容一目了然，然后列举文章所要讨论的细节。这些细节排列决定了文章的正文内容的安排，这符合

19、人类从概念到具体的思维方式。Topsentence-developingsentences(Top-downPyramid)引言段：Example1:Englishisamongthemostdifficultsubjectstolearnforitsdifferentpronunciation,largevocabularyandtroublesomeidioms.Theyareusuallynotgrammatical,andeveniftheyaregrammatical,wemayfailtoarriveattheirmeanings.2、归纳法、归纳法(Induction)(Inve

20、rted Pyramid)由一般性的背景介绍逐步过渡到文章主题句。这种安排符合人们从具体到概念的思维习惯，也就是从感性到理性的认识规律。Generalization conclusion or made at the end.引言段：Example1:Withallthewealth,power,healthstandard,luxuriesoflife,andtheabundanceoffoodintheUnitedStates,itmightbesurprisingtomostpeoplethatAmericanrankonlysixthintheworldinlongevityoflif

21、e.Therearemanyreasonsforthislowrecord,butthemainonehassomethingtodowithAmericanseatinghabit.3、设问法、设问法(Question)即提出问题来引出文章主题，以吸引读者注意力。引言段：Areyouafraidofhighplacesorwater?Ifso,yousufferfromoneofthemostcommonphobias,whicharestrong,persistent,butunreasonablefears.Thefearofhighplaces(Acrophobia)andwater(

22、Hydrophobia)areonlytwoofthemorethansevenhundredphobiasclassifiedbypsychologists.4、引用名言、引用名言(Quotation)即摘录或引用格言、名句或谚语作为文章开头。Thegoodoldproverb,“Romewasnotbuiltinaday”remindsusthatgreatthingsareneverdonewithoutmuchtimeandlabor.Rome,capitalofthegreatestempireinhistoryandoneofthemostadvancedcitiesnowaday

23、s,indeedwasbuiltthroughthelaborofmanygreatmenwhohadstrivedagainstdifficulties.5、定义法、定义法(Definition)当所论述的主题的基本概念比较抽象或读者不太熟悉时，通常用定义法做必要的解释说明。“GreenOlympics”?TheconceptofGreenOlympics,abrand-newidealadvocatedbytheChineseOlympicCommitteeinitspreparationforthecontestproperin2008,entailstheadoptionofwhate

24、vermeanspossibletomakeourlandgreener,watercleaner,andairfresher.Thisgreenphilosophy,inmyopinion,isofgreatnecessitythatmainlystemsfromthefollowingtworeasons专业四级考试写作的题型大致分为五类：自由专业四级考试写作的题型大致分为五类：自由发挥型、问题解决型、立场选择型、给定观点发挥型、问题解决型、立场选择型、给定观点型、比较对比型。型、比较对比型。专四历年真题年份 作文题目类型2010 Shouldcollegestudentshireclea

25、ners?立场选择型2009 Willtourismbringharmtotheenvironment?立场选择型2008 Thebenefitsforvolunteering.给定观点型2007 Isitwisetomakefriendsonline?立场选择型2006 Savingmoneyorusingtomorrowsmoney立场选择型2005 Myideaofauniversityartsfestival自由发挥型2004 Willphonekillletterwriting?对比选择型年份 作文题目类型2003 Theimportanceofkeepingagoodmood.给定

26、观点型2002 Thebestwaytostayhealthy.问题解决型2001 Travelbroadensthemind.给定观点型2000 Theimportanceofextracurricularactivities.给定观点型1999 Amajoradvantage/disadvantageofadvertisingantelevision.立场选择型1998 Onewaytosolvetheproblem.问题解决型1997 Morepressurefromacademicstudiesdoesordoesnotgoodtous立场选择型年份 作文题目类型1996 Themai

27、ndifferencebetweenmycollegelifeandmymiddleschoollife比较对比型1995 Theadvantageanddisadvantageofpart-timejobs.比较对比型1994 TV:agoodthingorabadthing?立场选择型1993 Myideaofbecomingateacherinthefuture.自由发挥型1992 Myviewonreadingextensively自由选择型Individual assignmentYouareaskedtowriteanoutline(thesentenceoutline).Dire

28、ctions:EveryJuneisthetimeforgraduatestodecidewhethertofurtherstudyortofindajob.Somestudentstakepartingraduateentranceexamination,butotherswanttoworkassoonastheygraduate.Supposeyouweretograduate,whichonedoyouprefer?Which to Choose:to Further Study or to Find a Job Soon After Graduation?立场选择型立场选择型在提出话

29、题后，通常从相对的角度提出两种观在提出话题后，通常从相对的角度提出两种观点和立场，要求考生从中选出一个作为自己的点和立场，要求考生从中选出一个作为自己的立场，让后论证其正确性，如历年相关的考题：立场，让后论证其正确性，如历年相关的考题：2004:WillPhonesKillLetterWriting?1999:AMajorAdvantage/DisadvantageofAdvertisingonTelevision1997:MorePressurefromAcademicStudiesDoes(orDoesno)GoodtoUs?1994:TV:aGoodThingoraBadThing立场选

30、择模式框架立场选择模式框架Introduction1.The issue of (引出话题引出话题)may raise much controversy among people ofdiverse backgrounds.Although many people believe that ,I believe that.(提出立场提出立场论点论点).2.（将原题复述）（将原题复述）.When faced with the decision of A or B,quite a few would deem that ,but others,in contrast,believe A/B as

31、the premier choice and that is also my point.Among countless factors which influence A/B,there are three basic conspicuous aspects as follows.3.Some people argue as if it is a general truth that .But to be frank,I cannot agree with them.Thereare numerous reasons why I hold confidence in them,and I w

32、ould explore only a few primary ones here.(A or B)4.When faced with the decision of A or B,quite a few would claim that ,but others,in contrast,deem A/B as the premier choices and that is also my point.There are numerous reasons why I hold confidence in them,and I would explore only a few primary on

33、es here.(A or B)5 In my point of view,A is as important as B,if not more important than B.So it is sagacious to choose A.Among countless factors which influence A/B,there are three basic conspicuous aspects as follows.(A or B).立场选择模式框架立场选择模式框架Body1.For one thing,(支持论点的小分论点1).Besides,(支持论点的小分论点2).For

34、 another,(支持论点的小分论点3).2.To begin with,(支持论点的小分论点1).(理由证明1)Whats more,(支持论点的小分论点2).(理由证明2).Moreover,(支持论点的小分论点3).(理由证明3)3.It is obvious fact that (支持论点的理由1).For example,(举例说明理由1).Perhaps another reason lies in the fact that (支持论点的理由2).(举例说明理由2).Lets bring our discussion here to a more present and pra

35、ctical contest (支持论点的理由3).In todays world,(举一个事例证明论点).4.The reasons are quite clear.First of all,(支持论点的理由1).Perhaps the most important example of (论点)is that (举例说明理由2).There is a good evidence to show that (举例说明理由23).Third and very important reason is that (支持论点的理由1).Finally,（支持论点的理由4）.立场选择模式框架立场选择模

36、式框架Conclusion1.Tosumup,（总结.）2.Allinall,(重述观点)A/BhasmoreadvantagesthanA/B.Weshouldtakeintoaccount(需要注意的地方).3.Wecanconcludefromtheforegoingreasonsandexamplesthat(总结观点)4.Now,aftercloseexamination,itisnotdifficulttodrawtheconclusionthat(总结观点)5.Inshort,(总结观点，展望未来).Which to Choose:to Further Study or to F

37、ind a Job Soon After Graduation?AnincreasingnumberofgraduatesfromuniversitiesalloverChinaattendtheentranceexamforpostgraduateseveryyear.Shouldwecontinuewithstudyaspostgraduates?Personally,Ithinkitshouldntbetheonlywayoutifyoujustwanttotakeitasagoodmeanstofindagoodjob.Firstofall,whatagoodjobrequiresof

38、us?Goodeducation?Yes,butnotnecessarily.Well-educatedemployeesmayhavegotpreparedforthejobtheoretically,buttheyarelackinginpracticalexperience,whichismorevaluedbyemployers.Secondly,postgraduatesdonotequalbetteremployers.Mostschoolsdonotapplystrictrulestopostgraduatesanditisrelativelyeasyforustoacquire

39、adegree.Itisawasteoftimeandmoneythatwefurtherourstudywiththeonlypurposeoffindingagoodjobbutwithnointentiontoimproveourselves.Wejustsquanderthe2or3years,endingupwithnothing.Howcouldwepersuadeemployerstoacceptus?Allinall,continuingwithourstudyshouldbeconsideredasawaytoimproveourselvesbutnotawaytofinda

40、goodjob.Wearestillunabletofindagoodjob,ifallwehavegotisnothingbutaMastersdegree.WhichtoChoose:toFurtherStudyortoFindaJobSoonAfterGraduation?Asurveysaysthatinrecentyearsmoreandmorestudentsenterforpostgraduateentranceexaminations.Butmanypeopleargueagainstthistendency.Theyholdthattofindagoodjobsoonafte

41、rgraduationismorepractical.Actually,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsastothequestionwhetherweshouldfurtherstudyingraduateschoolorweshouldbeginwork,becausebothhavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Manypeopleappreciatethebrightfutureamastersdegreemaybringtothem.Threeyearsaccumulationofknowledgeismore

42、likelytoenablethemtosolvemorechallengingproblems.Anditisafactthatinmanycasesagraduatehasmorechancestogetapromotionandtohavehighsalarythananundergraduate.Butapromisingjobaftercollegegraduationisalsoattractive,especiallywhenthejobhuntingcompetitionbecomesmoreandmorefierce.Ajobinhandisworthtwointhefutu

43、re.Anotherthreeyearsstudymeansadelaybutmoreheatedcompetition.However,bothofthemhavetheirownproblems.Academicstudyingraduateschoolmaybedifficultforafreshmanfromcollegewhohasnopracticalexperience,whichmaybealsoaproblemwhentheysearchforajobthreeyearslater.Thosewithoutamastersexperiencemaycomeacrossmany

44、problemstoo,likespecialknowledgeinefficiency,andresearchabilityinadequacy.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iwanttobemoreknowledgeableandcapablethroughpostgraduatestudy.So,givenmethechance,Iwouldchoosetofurtherstudyingraduateschool.ExcisesWheretoliveIntheCityorintheCountry?Justclaimyouroutline(thesis,introductory

45、part,topicsentences,supportingsentencesandconcludingpart).Depending on personal experience,personality type,and emotional concern,we find that some people hold the idea of living in cities meanwhile others prefer to living in the country.From my point of view,it is more advisable to choose living in

46、 cities rather than living in the country.My argument for this point are listed as follows.Themainreasonformypropensityforlivinginthecitiesisthattherearemorechancesofemployment.Thereisagreaterrangeofjobsandthepayisusuallyhigher.Thatiswhymanypeopleflocktobigcitiesfromruralareasinordertomakemoney.peop

47、lehavemorechancestoachievesuccessintheircareerduetofavorableworkingconditions.AnotherreasonthatcanbeseenbyeveryoneisthatLivingstandardsarehigherincities.Therearemanyschoolsanduniversities,whichenablespeopletohavemoreopportunitiesofreceivingbettereducation.Publicfacilitiessuchastheaters,concerts,movi

48、es,entertainingplacesandsooncanhelppeoplefullyenjoythemselvesintheirsparetime.Besides,medicalserviceisconvenientandcountrydwellersmayhavedifficultyindoingshopping,sendingtheirchildrentogoodschools,andgettingmedicalhelp.As far as I am concerned,I prefer to live inthe city for its chances for my caree

49、r and conveniences of the living.I would like to live in a city when I am young to earn enough money and I live in the countryside when I am old for having a quite life.自由发挥型自由发挥型在这一类题型中，一般出题的规律是：先提出一个话题，然后可先提出一个话题，然后可能会提供一些流行的观点，要求考生通过给定的材料作出自己的能会提供一些流行的观点，要求考生通过给定的材料作出自己的分析，提出自己的论点，然后进行阐述和论证。这种题目对

50、论点分析，提出自己的论点，然后进行阐述和论证。这种题目对论点不作限制，作者可以自由发挥，只要能证明自己，围绕话题即可。不作限制，作者可以自由发挥，只要能证明自己，围绕话题即可。如：2005:MyIdeaofaUniversityArtFestival（针对学生会举办的大学生艺术节的组织活动和内容，贡献你自己的想法和建议）1993:MyIdeaofBecomingaTeacherintheFuture(我对自己将来当一名老师的想法)1992：MyViewonReadingExtensively（就泛读发表自己的意见）Thestudentsunionofyouruniversityisplanni