北京五中研学结题报告.doc

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1、北京市第五中学2013届研究性学习课题研究报告课题名称： 古诗英译的美所在班级： 高一年级5班课题组长：段居方课题成员： 陈楚飞、段居方指导教师：李刚翻译家许渊冲 翻译家杨宪益 目 录 摘要 3 目的和意义 4 研究方法 5 任务分工 6 研究过程 7 总结报告8 体验与反思14 附录15摘要：通过英美的一些诗歌或被译成英文的古诗入手研究问题，从而渗透到对地名、食品等名称的翻译，进一步对外国名著中的句子进行研究分析；最后总结归纳出那种翻译能为大众所接受，从而流传下来。目的和意义：研究英汉互译的听觉美，同一个词、同一句话、同一首诗的不同翻译方法。这可以对我们日后翻译英文文章或将汉语译为英文，如何

2、选择翻译的方法，是翻译的作品达到听觉上的美提供帮助。研究方法：以英汉对照的双语读物作为载体来研究对句子的翻译；诗及各种名词的研究主要从网上获得资料。资料的来源途径主要有英汉对照的双语读物、对翻译家的介绍及网络。任务分工：段居方：撰写论文。陈楚飞：查阅资料。研究过程：即日起的两周内进行查阅资料的工作。之后的一周里对所查的资料进行分析，包括比较同一个词语被翻译之后不同的版本，对同学、亲戚朋友进行调查，了解每个翻译家的不同翻译风格。之后就开始撰写论文，预计两周结束；往后的时间进行查稿、修正。总结报告我们从所研究的几篇古诗中选择了两篇，加上比较细致的评论来呈现给大家。王安石元日: 爆竹声中一岁除,春风

3、送暖入屠苏。千门万户瞳瞳日,总把新桃换旧符。New Years DayAs the clattering crackers send away the old year ,A warm breeze of spring drift s into the cup of wine.On a thousand doors , in the first rays of sunshine ,New pairs of tutelary deities in gaiety all appear.评：将元日翻译成New Years Day属于意译，但我认为翻译得不够贴切。因为“元日”按照中国的节日来看应该是春

4、节，而New Years Day则是西方节日中的新年，所以我认为将题目改为“the Spring Festival”会更好。从押运的角度看，中国人的七言绝句习惯一、二、四句押，三句可押可不押，而这首诗的翻译显然违背了这个原则，从诗中可看出其一、四两句押的是“ear”,而二、四两句押的是“ine”,这样以我们的习惯读会觉得不通，也不能让外国朋友体会到中国古诗的韵律美。还有很重要的一点就是音节，由于中文是单音节词，所以七言的绝句每句都是七个音节，读起来让人感到工整，而英文则以多音节词居多，例如英文的百科全书encyclopaedia一词就有七个音节之多，这也就为古诗的翻译带来了障碍。我想，虽然在翻

5、译的过程中不能保证英文的每句话都是七个音节，或退一步，每句话的音节数都相同，也要做到差不多，或者走另一种风格，将中国的工整的古诗翻译成西方诗歌的那种形式，展现出长短错落的美，也比较容易让外国人所接受。现在看这首诗，抛开题目不谈，第一句有18个音节，第二句有23个音节，第三句有18个音节，第四句有20个音节，离长短错落的标准差的还很远，但是基本上可以符合音节个数差不多一样的标准，所以从音节的方面来看，这首诗翻译的还算比较成功。春夜喜雨 好雨知时节，当春乃发生。 随风潜入夜，润物细无声。 野径云俱黑，江船火独明。 晓看红湿处, 花重锦官城。 版本一：Delightful Rain in Sprin

6、g NightAs if comprehend the peoples wishesThe rain seems aware the seasons changingAt the right moment of spring it drizzlesWhen everything on the earth starts growingTravelling with the wind arrives the rain And it sneaks into the night stealthilyMoistens everything thats on the terrainWithout fanf

7、are it is drizzling quietlyThe trail and the clouds are lost in darkness But the boat lights glowing on the riverWait till the dawn of morning in brightness To see the flowers after the showerJin Gong City in wetness seems weightyYet the crimson flowers are so pretty版本二：A Spring Night of Seasonable

8、rain good rain knows the season, when the spring is the occurrence. Dives with the wind at nightfall, Run thin silent. The wild diameter cloud is all black, river boat fire alone bright. The dawn looks red wet place, flowered heavy brocade official city 评：这两个版本我比较喜欢第一个，因为不论从意境还是音节韵律，似乎都是第一个版本胜出。从“好雨

9、知时节”一句就可看出两种译文的风格上的差异，“good rain knows the season”，“好的雨知道季节。”这近乎直译的一句让人感到相当的生硬，翻译是讲究信、达、雅的，这种直愣愣的翻译方法明显作不到雅，而更为糟糕的是这句话还是全篇诗的首句，一上来就将南方雨季时那种朦朦胧胧的意境搞得灰飞烟灭了。反观第一种的翻译“As if comprehend the peoples wishes，The rain seems aware the seasons changing”，“就好像能理解人们的意愿一般，雨看起来好像能明白季节的变化。”这虽然没有完全按照原文的韵律去翻译，但它是基于原作的意

10、思加以拓广的，每句话的翻译都把它拆成两句，这样虽然可能会被指责不忠于原作，但我认为这样才是真正的翻译，做到了将诗的意境呈现给读者，同时也不乏音律的体现。除去以上两篇，我们还研究了李白的静夜思，王维的相思，李白的下终南山过斛斯山人宿置酒和月下独酌，杜甫的望岳以及晏殊的蝶恋花。静夜思床前明月光,凝视地上霜,举头望明月,低头思故乡In front of bed bright moonlight, stares at on the place the frost, raises the head looks the bright moonlight, lowers the head thinks th

11、e hometown相思红豆生南国， 春来发几枝？ 愿君多采撷， 此物最相思。 Red berries grow in southern landHow many load the spring treesGather till full in your handThey would revive fond memories下终南山过斛斯山人宿置酒暮从碧山下， 山月随人归； 却顾所来径， 苍苍横翠微。 相携及田家， 童稚开荆扉； 绿竹入幽径， 青萝拂行衣。 欢言得所憩， 美酒聊共挥； 长歌吟松风， 曲尽河星稀。 我醉君复乐， 陶然共忘机。 DOWN ZHONGNAN MOUNTAIN TO T

12、HE KIND PILLOW AND BOWL OF HUSIDown the blue mountain in the evening, Moonlight was my homeward escort. Looking back, I saw my path Lie in levels of deep shadow. I was passing the farm-house of a friend, When his children called from a gate of thorn And led me twining through jade bamboos Where gree

13、n vines caught and held my clothes. And I was glad of a chance to rest And glad of a chance to drink with my friend. We sang to the tune of the wind in the pines; And we finished our songs as the stars went down, When, I being drunk and my friend more than happy, Between us we forgot the world. 月下独酌

14、花间一壶酒， 独酌无相亲； 举杯邀明月， 对影成三人。 月既不解饮， 影徒随我身； 暂伴月将影， 行乐须及春。 我歌月徘徊， 我舞影零乱； 醒时同交欢， 醉后各分散。 永结无情游， 相期邈云汉。 DRINKING ALONE WITH THE MOONFrom a pot of wine among the flowers I drank alone. There was no one with me - Till, raising my cup, I asked the bright moon To bring me my shadow and make us three. Alas, th

15、e moon was unable to drink And my shadow tagged me vacantly; But still for a while I had these friends To cheer me through the end of spring. I sang. The moon encouraged me. I danced. My shadow tumbled after. As long as I knew, we were boon companions. And then I was drunk, and we lost one another.

16、.Shall goodwill ever be secure? I watch the long road of the River of Stars. 望岳岱宗夫如何？ 齐鲁青未了。 造化钟神秀， 阴阳割昏晓。 荡胸生层云， 决眥入归鸟。 会当凌绝顶， 一览众山小。 A VIEW OF TAISHANWhat shall I say of the Great Peak? - The ancient dukedoms are everywhere green, Inspired and stirred by the breath of creation, With the Twin Force

17、s balancing day and night. .I bare my breast toward opening clouds, I strain my sight after birds flying home. When shall I reach the top and hold All mountains in a single glance? 蝶恋花版本一：To the Tune of Die Lian HuaThe chrysanthemum is vexed by the mist;The orchid weeps in the dew.Behind the gauze c

18、urtain, the air is cool.A pair of swallows flies away.Knowing not the bitter taste of separation,The slanting moonlight lingers till dawn at the vermilion door.Last night the west wind withered the green trees.Alone I climbed the high pavilion,Gazing at the distant road vanishing into the horizon.I

19、long to spend you a letter but I have no coloured paper.Oh where, past the endless mountains and rivers, are you?版本二：Butterflies Love Flowers Outside the railings chrysanthemums are sadAnd orchids are shedding tears of dew.The silk curtains hang light and cool,A pair of swallows flying off.The brigh

20、t moon knows not the sorrowOf departure and solitude,Its slanting rays piercing the vermilion portalsTill dawn breaks.Last night the west wind withered the emerald leaves.Alone,I mounted the stairsTo look down the endless road.Im ready to send of letters and elegant notes.But the rivers are wide,the

21、 mountains so hight,I do not know where to locate you.版本三： Butterfly love spends Threshold chrysanthemum to worry that the smoke sobs blue the dew, the Luo curtain is slightly cold, the swallow dual flight goes. The bright moonlight does not know by heart the parting regrets pain, puts on the Zhu ho

22、usehold the slanting light to the dawn. last night the westerly wind withered the blue tree, on the alone tall building, looked at the completely horizon road. Wants to send the colored stationery concurrently ruler element, Shan Changshui far knowledge where? 体验与反思通过对几篇诗的研究，我们明白了翻译的真谛，即要忠于原文、体现好原文的意境与思想感情，还要将原文的一些某些特别的东西（如韵律、节奏、音节等）呈现出来，所以翻译好一篇作品实属不易。我们以后再读国外大师的作品时，也会再敬佩大师的同时感谢那些为翻译工作而流尽汗水的人们。 感受，段居方附录参考书籍牛津现代英汉高级双解词典（商务印书馆 牛津大学出版社，1988年第1版）现代汉语规范词典（外语教学与研究出版社 语文出版社，2004年第1版）古汉语常用字字典（商务印书馆，2007年第1版）