人教版高中英语选修八课件：Unit-2-Reading(共80张PPT)知识讲解.ppt

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1、人教版高中英语选修八课人教版高中英语选修八课件：件：Unit-2-Reading(Unit-2-Reading(共共8080张张PPT)PPT)TwinsTheyarebornnaturallyandidenticalinsexandappearance.A strawberry plantThenewplantsthatgrowfromtherunnersareexactcopiesoftheoriginalplant.一株草莓依靠它沿地一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走爬走”的匍匐茎的匍匐茎,一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。富贵竹插枝即活富贵竹插枝即活Thegardeners

2、houldcuttheplant,thenthecuttingproduceanothernewplant.1996 cloning sheeps2001 cloning cattle我国成功繁殖克隆兔我国成功繁殖克隆兔 体形要比普通兔大许多体形要比普通兔大许多2002年年5月月中旬成功地中旬成功地繁殖了一只繁殖了一只胚胎细胞胚胎细胞克隆兔。克隆兔。2002 cloning cats2002年年4月十六月十六日美国第一头日美国第一头克隆牛克隆牛“艾米艾米”产下牛犊喜产下牛犊喜作妈咪。作妈咪。2005 cloning dogsIn pairs discuss what you understan

3、d about cloning.Then list the questions you want to find out.Share your lists with one another.Pre-reading 1.Whatisaclone?Acloneisananimaloraplantproducednaturallyorartificiallyfromthecellsofanotheranimalorplantandisexactlythesameasit.2.Howisacloneproduced？Thecloningofplantsissimpleandrelativelyeasy

4、.Itcanbedonebytakingcuttings(man-madecloning)orlettingtheproduceitsownrunners(naturalcloning).Thecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated.Itwasnotachieveduntil1996andisfullyexplainedinthefirstreading.3.Whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning？Medicalcloningcanhelpcureseriousillnessesthatruinonesqualityoflife(s

5、uchasParkinsonsdiseaseorAlzheimersdisease).Itcanhelpinfertilepeoplehavebabies.4.Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned?Peoplemaywanttoclonethemselvessotheycanliveforever.Peoplemaywanttoclonedeadchildren.Peoplemaywanttoclonetheirfavouritepets.1.Whatisthemaintopic?A.Cloning.B.Dollythesheep.C.Itwillle

6、adustosomeplaces.2.Whatisthewritingstyle?A.Expositive(说明性的说明性的).B.Descriptive.C.Argumentative(议论性的议论性的).A A Learning tips:Thepassageiswrittenintheexpositive style.Thatistosaythetextisinthethirdpersonandinfactualandformallanguage.Itgivesdifferent points of viewanddoesnottrytopersuadethereadertomakeup

7、his/herownmind.3.Dollythesheep_.A.lookedexactlylikethesheepthatprovidestheegg.B.wastheexactcopyofthesheepthatprovidesthenucleus.C.lookedlikethesheepthatgavebirthtoit.D.hadthecharacteristicsofallthreesheep.B 4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataclonedanimal_.A.usuallylivesaslongastheoriginaloneB.usual

8、lyliveslongerthantheoriginaloneC.usuallydiesearlierthantheoriginaloneD.isusuallyashealthyastheoriginaloneC 5.Whichofthefollowingisnotanadvantageofcloning?A.Cloningcanbeusedformedicalpurposes.B.Largequantitiesoffoodcanbeproducedbycloning.C.Cloningcanhelpkeepanimalsfrombecomingextinct.D.Famouspersonsw

9、hohavepassedawaycanbecloned.D 6.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.Clonedpeoplewouldliveforever.B.Clonedpeoplemaybekilledatwillformedicalaid.C.Awomanwouldhavedifficultyrecognizingherrealhusband.D.Menwilldieoutbecauseawomancangivebirthtoababywithoutahusband.D 7.WhichstatementisNOTtrue?A.Cloningissomethingt

10、hathasbeendevelopedquiterecently.B.Twinsthatlookexactlythesameareoriginallyfromthesameegg.C.Cloningisusedbygardenerstomakemoremoney.D.Animalcloningismuchmoredifficultthanplantcloning.A 8.ThecloningofDollythesheepsucceededbecause_.A.itseasiertocloneasheepthanotheranimalsB.thescientistsweredetermineda

11、ndworkedhardwithpatienceC.thescientistswererewardedandgotlotsofmoneyD.manyotherattemptstoclonemammalsfailedB9.Thelambisthecloneofthecellfromsheepbecause_.A.itprovidestheeggcellB.itgivesbirthtothelambC.itprovidesthenucleusD.itisafemalesheep10.Thesheepthatdonatedthesomaticcellmostprobablylived_years.A

12、.3B.6C.9D.12CD 11.Themainideaofthetextis_A.animalcloningisveryvaluableandcanbenefittheworld.B.animalcloningcouldbemisusedbybadpeoplesoitmustbeforbidden.C.animalcloningiswelldevelopedbecauseDollythesheepwasborn.D.animalcloningraisedargumentsandscientistsarenotsureaboutitsfuture.D12.Whichofthefollowis

13、NOTaproblemordangerofcloningmentionedinthetext?A.Evilleadersmaywanttoclonethemselves.B.Animalclonesmaydeveloptheillnessofolderanimalsandmaydieyoungerthanthedonoranimals.C.Therearemoralobjectionstocloninghumanbeings.D.Toomuchcloningmayleadtothedestructionofthebalanceofnature.D 13.Wecaninferfromthelas

14、tthreeparagraphsthat_.A.thenormaldevelopmentofDollyhadnoeffectonthecloningofotherspecies.B.Dollysseriousdiseaseandfinaldeathdisturbedthewholeworld.C.Dollysuccessfullyclonedanewlambwiththehelpofcloningscientists.D.therewereargumentsaboutanimalcloningandconcernsaboutthefutureofcloning.DCareful reading

15、 Themainideaofeachparagraph.1.Cloningis_2._2.Cloninghas_uses.3.The_ofDolly.4.The_ofclonginginsociety.5.Theattitudestowardscloning.awayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalandplant.problemstwomajoreffectIthappensbothin_andin_.Theycanbeclonedby_and_.plantsanimalsthemselveshumansNatural cloneMan-made clon

16、ePara 1:The definition of cloning1.Howmanymajorusesdocloninghave?Firstly,commercialSecondly,research2.Howmanyfemalesheepparticipateinthecloningofanewsheep?3.WhenwasthecloningofDollythesheepborn?3Para 2:The major uses and procedures of cloning1996AboutDollythesheepEncouragingnews:Dollydeveloped_.Dist

17、urbingnews:normallyDollylivedforsixyearsandahalfyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalone.Para 3:The problems of DollyTheword“controversial”inPara4probablymeans_.A.complicatedB.arguableC.important Para 4:The impact of DollyB Trueorfalse:1.PeoplefearedthatClonedHitlerswoulddoharmtotheworld.2.Allth

18、eresearchintohumanbeingswillbeforbidden.3.Somecountrieswillusecloninginawiseway.Para 5:Peoples reaction to cloningManygovernmentsforbaderesearchintohumanbeings.T TF Hitler:anevilleader意大利狂人医生意大利狂人医生:安蒂诺里安蒂诺里冒死也要克隆人的冒死也要克隆人的科学家科学家:布瓦瑟利耶布瓦瑟利耶1 Read the passage and answer these questions.Comprehending

19、1.Whatarethetwomajorusesofcloning?Thefirstuseistoproducecommercialquantitiesofplants.Thesecondistoresearchonnewplantsspeciesanddomedicalresearchonanimals.2.Whyisiteasiertomakecommercialplantclonesthananimalclones?Cloningplantsisstraightforward,butthecloningofanimalsisverycomplicated.3.Whatwasthefirs

20、tclonefromanadultanimal?Atwhatagedidthisclonedie?4.Whyiscloningcontroversialinsomecountries?ThefirstclonefromanadultanimalwasDollythesheep.Shediedin2003.Cloningiscontroversialinsomecountriesformoralandreligiousreasons.ProblemsordangersofcloningAdvantagesofcloningAnimalsmayDeveloptheillnessesofoldera

21、nimals.2 Fill in the chart.Medicalcloningcouldproducecuresforseriousillnessesinhumans.AnimalclonesmaydieyoungerthanthedonoranimalsEvilleadermaywanttoclonethemselves.Therearemoralobjectionstocloninghumanbeings.Cloningplantscanproduceplantsofsimilarqualityforsale.Cloningplantscanbeusefulforresearchonn

22、ewplantspecies.Cloningcanhelpsaveendangeredanimals.3 What do you think is the writers point of view in this reading passage?Is it in favour of cloning or against it?Ithinkthewriterisbecauseimpartialhe/shedoesnotstateanypersonalopinionaboutcloning.1.Doyousupporttheideaofproducinghumanembryos(胚胎胚胎)for

23、medicalpurposes?Why?2.Doyouthinkitagoodideatouseclonedhumansfororgan(器官器官)transplants?Why?3.Doyouthinkaclonedhumanshouldhavehumanrights?Why?4.Doyouthinkclonedhumanswillhavethesametalentsastheoriginalones?Why?DiscussionAsacoinhastwosides,everythinghastwoaspects.First,ifthecloningisusedinacorrectwayit

24、canbringmanyconveniencestous.Suchas:curingseriousillnessesandbeingusedtoproducecommercialqualitiesofplants.Ontheotherhand,ifthecloningisusedinanevilwayitcancausemuchtroubles:suchasmoralquestions.Practice activity:Debate Areyouinfavorofcloningoragainstcloning?Whatisyourpointofviewonit?1.Thishappensin

25、plantswhengardenerstakewhentwinsidenticalinsexand1)“whengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones,whentwinsidenticalin是两个时间状语从句。是两个时间状语从句。when引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生主句的动作同时发生,也可以先于主句的动作。也可以先于主句的动作。Dontbeafraidofaskingforhelp_itisneeded.when2)happenvi.occurbychance;tak

26、eplace(偶然地偶然地)发生发生;出现出现happentodohappentosb.Ithappenedthathappeningn.事件事件;偶然发生的事偶然发生的事(常用复数常用复数)辨析辨析:happen,occur,takeplace与与comeabout四词都有四词都有“发生发生”之意之意,但有区别。但有区别。happen是一般用语是一般用语,词义较广词义较广,强调事情强调事情发生的偶然性发生的偶然性;occur用法较正式用法较正式,既可以指自然发生既可以指自然发生,也也可以指有意安排。可以指有意安排。碰巧碰巧(某人某人)发生什么事了发生什么事了碰巧碰巧1)Whendidthee

27、xplosion_?2)Importantelections_thisfall.3)Theconcertwill_nextSunday.4)Howdidthequarrel_?occurtakeplacecomeabouthappenUse the above words to fill the blanks.takeplace一般指有计划一般指有计划,按事先安排的按事先安排的进行的含义。进行的含义。comeabout往往注重事情发生的原因往往注重事情发生的原因,常常与与how连用。连用。以上四组词均为不及物动词以上四组词均为不及物动词,无被动语态。无被动语态。2.straightforwar

28、dadj.简单的简单的,易懂的，易懂的，坦诚的坦诚的,坦率的坦率的straightforwardlyadv.率直地率直地,坦诚地坦诚地straightforwardnessn.率直率直Jackisrough,butalwaysstraightforward.Installingtheprogramisrelativelystraightforward.Sheadmiredhisstraightforwardness.3.undertakevt.(undertook;undertaken)着手做着手做,从事从事,进行进行;担任担任,承担承担,答应答应,同意。同意。Theprocedureisdi

29、fficulttoundertake,ofcourse.当然当然,这个过程很难实施。这个过程很难实施。Thescientistundertakestheexperiment.科学家从事这项实验。科学家从事这项实验。Icanundertaketheresponsibilityforthechanges.我愿意承担这些变革的责任。我愿意承担这些变革的责任。完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1)Thelawyer_anewcase.那个律师接了一个新的案子。那个律师接了一个新的案子。2)Hewill_nextmonth(去旅行去旅行).3)He_.(承担一项新任务承担一项新任务)undertookunde

30、rtookanewtaskundertakeajorney4.payoff(事业、计划等事业、计划等)成功成功;付清薪水并付清薪水并解雇解雇;偿还偿还(债务等债务等)。Atlastthedeterminationandpatienceofscientistspaidoff.最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报.Hepaidoffthecrewoftheship.他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。Intheendhepaidoffallhisdebts.最终他还清了所有的债务。最终他还清了所有的债务。payback报答报答;报复报

31、复用介词用介词back,off,to,填空填空:1)-Youreffortissuretopay_.-Thankyouforyourencouragement2)Thesupermarket_whichhehadeverpaidavisit,wasburnttotheground.3)HowcanIpayyou_forallyourkindness?4)Well,aftertheseyears,weveatlastpaid_allourdebts.offtobackoff1)containv.包含包含,含有含有2)neededtoproduceanewsheep为过去分词为过去分词短语作后置定

32、语短语作后置定语,修饰其前面的名词修饰其前面的名词genes,构成动宾搭配关系。构成动宾搭配关系。5.Thenucleusofthiscellcontainsallthegenesneededtoproduceanewsheep.这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的必需的基因。必需的基因。辨析辨析:contain与与includecontain“包含包含,含有含有”,侧重于包含的内容或侧重于包含的内容或成分成分,“里面装有里面装有”;include“包括包括”,侧重范围或整体。侧重范围或整体。e.g.1)Whisky_alargepercentageof

33、alcohol.2)Thebook_fortymaps,_threeofGreatBritain.containscontainsincluding6.ThenucleusfromsheepBandtheeggcellfromsheepAarejoinedusingelectricity.从绵羊从绵羊B中取出的细胞核与从绵羊中取出的细胞核与从绵羊A中取出中取出的卵细胞用电流使之结合。的卵细胞用电流使之结合。1)usingelectricity为现在分词短语作方式状语。为现在分词短语作方式状语。2)联手联手,携手携手参加活动参加活动和某人一起做事和某人一起做事参军参军,连起来连起来joinhan

34、dsjoininsth./doingsthjoinsb.insth.joinup辨析辨析:takepartin,join,joinin与与attendtakepartin指参加某项活动指参加某项活动,并以积极的态度并以积极的态度在所参加的活动中起作用；在所参加的活动中起作用；join“加入加入”团体或组织；团体或组织；joinin指参加活动和游戏；指参加活动和游戏；joinsb.insth.和某人一起做某事；和某人一起做某事；attend参加会议参加会议(听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼)7.Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasver

35、yencouraging.多莉看来是在正常地成长着多莉看来是在正常地成长着,这很令人鼓舞。这很令人鼓舞。“thatsheseemedtodevelopnormally”是同位语是同位语从句。从句。同位语从句可由同位语从句可由when/where/how/why/that/whether等词引导。先行词多半是等词引导。先行词多半是idea/fact/news/hope/belief/thought/doubt/question等。等。同位语从句一般放在抽象名词之后同位语从句一般放在抽象名词之后,用以说明用以说明抽象名词的具体内容抽象名词的具体内容,有时为了保持句子的有时为了保持句子的平衡平衡,同

36、位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。如如:Soonwordcamethatwewon.8.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。本句中本句中,副词副词then放于句首放于句首,主语是名词主语是名词“news”,“thatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill”是同位语是同位语从句从句,句子用了倒装语序。句子用了倒装语序。disturbingadj.Thenewsfromthefrontisverydisturbing.来自前线

37、的消息令人极为不安。来自前线的消息令人极为不安。disturbvt.扰乱扰乱,使不安使不安,弄乱弄乱;disturbedadj.被扰乱的被扰乱的,动乱的动乱的,不安的；不安的；disturbingadj.令人不安的。令人不安的。特别提示特别提示:现在分词表示现在分词表示:令人怎么样令人怎么样过去分词表示过去分词表示:被使得怎么样被使得怎么样,感到怎么样感到怎么样如如:aninterestingstory令人感兴趣的故事令人感兴趣的故事aninterestedlook感到兴趣的表情感到兴趣的表情surprisedpeople(感到感到)惊奇的人们惊奇的人们用用disturb,disturbing

38、,disturbed填空。填空。1)Imvery_aboutAlice.2)Dont_thepapersonmydesk.3)Thiscountryisina_state.4)What_newsitis!5)Alightwind_thesurfaceofthewater.disturbeddisturbdisturbingdisturbingdisturbed9.castdown使沮丧使沮丧;毁掉毁掉(常用于被动语态或常用于被动语态或作表语作表语)CloningScientistswerecastdowntofindthatDollysillnessweremoreappropriatetoa

39、mucholderanimal.克隆科学家克隆科学家沮丧地沮丧地发现多莉的病发现多莉的病更容易在年老的羊身上。更容易在年老的羊身上。不要这么沮丧不要这么沮丧,打起精神来！打起精神来！Dontbesocastdown.Justkeepupyourspirits.castaway丢弃丢弃castoff放弃放弃;丢弃丢弃castout赶走赶走将下列句子译成英语。将下列句子译成英语。1)听到这个消息他很沮丧。听到这个消息他很沮丧。_2)发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。_Hewascastdowntohearthenews.Findingoutthetruthmadehimcastd

40、own.10.altogether和和alltogether及及together1)altogetheradv.总共总共,完全地完全地,总之总之,总而言之总而言之Youoweme68RMBaltogether.Yourworkisaltogetherperfect.2)alltogether全部在同一地方或同一时间全部在同一地方或同一时间Canyouputyourbooksalltogetherinthisbox?3)togetheradv.在一起在一起,共同地共同地Allhistroubleseemedtocometogether.Hesbad-tempered,selfishand_anu

41、npopularman.A.thereforeB.altogetherC.otherwiseD.anyhowB 11.objectv.&objectionn.反对反对,不赞成不赞成Ontheotherhand,Dollysappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.另一方面另一方面,多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对,激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。Ifeelastrongobjectiontogettingupearly.

42、我极不愿意早起。我极不愿意早起。Haveyouanyobjectiontomyopeningthewindow?你反对我打开窗子吗你反对我打开窗子吗?objectvi.Weobjecttobeingtreatedlikethis.我们抗议这种待遇。我们抗议这种待遇。Iobjecttotheplan.我反对这项计划。我反对这项计划。objectvt.Iobjectthatheistooyoungtotakethatposition.我提出反对意见我提出反对意见:他太年轻不适合那个职位。他太年轻不适合那个职位。objectto(doing)sth.object+that从句从句objection是

43、名词是名词,常与常与have,take,feel等连用等连用have/take/feelobjectionto(doing)sth.即时练习即时练习:句型转换句型转换(1)Haveyouanyobjectiontomyopening(2)thewindow?=Wouldyou_myopeningthewindow?(2)takeobjectiontosmoking.=I_smoking.(3)“Butheistooyoung,”sheargued.=She_thathewastooyoung.objecttoobjecttoobjected12.Itsuddenlyopenedeveryone

44、seyestothepossibilityofusingcloningtocureseriousillness,andeventoproducehumanbeings.突然每个人都看到了利用克隆技术治愈重病突然每个人都看到了利用克隆技术治愈重病,甚至克隆出人的可能性。甚至克隆出人的可能性。本句中本句中of和后面的动名词结构构成介词短语作和后面的动名词结构构成介词短语作定语定语,修饰前面的名词修饰前面的名词possibility.注意介词后出现动名词或动名词的复合结构时注意介词后出现动名词或动名词的复合结构时,一定要把握好动名词主动与被动形式的变化。一定要把握好动名词主动与被动形式的变化。解析解

45、析题意为题意为:开始上课时开始上课时,开关课桌的声音开关课桌的声音在教室外都能够听到。本题考查动名词的用法。在教室外都能够听到。本题考查动名词的用法。thenoise是句中主语是句中主语,of后应接动名词复合结构后应接动名词复合结构,desks是逻辑主语是逻辑主语,因为因为“课桌课桌”与与“开关开关”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,故须用故须用动名词的被动形式动名词的被动形式beingopenedandclosed。beingAtthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_(be)openedandclosedcouldbeheardoutside

46、theclassroom.13.attainvt.获得获得(尤其指经过努力尤其指经过努力)达到达到(年龄年龄,水平水平,状况等状况等)Heattianedsuccessthroughhardwork.Heattainedtheageof25beforemarriaging.比较：比较：obtainvt.(经买经买,借借,拿等拿等)获得获得,得到某物得到某物Healwaysmanagestoobtainwhathewants.WherecanIobtainacopyofherlatestbooks?14.forbidvt.(forbade;forbidden)禁止禁止,不许不许,妨碍妨碍,阻止阻

47、止 Governmentsbecamenervousandmanyforbaderesearchintohumanclothing.政府开始感到不安政府开始感到不安,有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。Smokingshouldbeforbiddeninpublicplaces.公共场所应禁止吸烟。公共场所应禁止吸烟。Herfatherforbidhertogooutalone.她父亲不许她单独外出。她父亲不许她单独外出。Iforbidyouenteringmystudy.我不许你进入我的书房。我不许你进入我的书房。forbidsb.todo/forbidsb.fromdo

48、ingsth.禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事forbidsth.禁止某事禁止某事与与forbid结构相同的词有：结构相同的词有：permitsbtodo/permitdoingsth允许某人做某事允许某人做某事/允许做某事；允许做某事；allowsb.todo/allowdoingsth允许某人做某事允许某人做某事/允许做某事；允许做某事；advisesb.todo/advisedoingsth.建议某人做某事建议某人做某事/建议做某事建议做某事1)Theschool_(禁止学生吸烟禁止学生吸烟).2)Heisforbiddento_(进入这个房间进入这个房间).3)Therearelawsin

49、somecountrieswhichforbidadvertisements_atinappropriatetimesandplaces.A.beingshownB.shownC.showD.tohaveshown4)Attheconferencehewasforbidden_thesubjectagain.A.mentioningB.tomentionC.mentionD.mentionedforbidsthestudentstosmokeentertheroomA B 15.accumulatevt.收集收集,聚集聚集,堆积堆积SomecountriessuchasChinaandtheU

50、Kcontinuedtoaccumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.有些国家比如中国和英国继续收集克隆能提供有些国家比如中国和英国继续收集克隆能提供丰富的医疗帮助的证据。丰富的医疗帮助的证据。Heaccumulatedfortunebyhardwork.他因努力工作而积蓄了一笔财富。他因努力工作而积蓄了一笔财富。Thepurposeofeducationisnotjustaccumulatinginformation.教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。完成下列句子。完成下列句子。(1)H