【英文文学】Known to the Police.docx

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1、【英文文学】Known to the PolicePREFACEThe kind reception accorded to a previous book encourages me to believe that another volume dealing with my experiences in the great under-world of London may not prove unacceptable.For twenty-five years I have practically lived in this under-world, and the knowledge

2、that I have obtained has been gathered from sad, and often wearying, experience. Yet I have seen so much to encourage and inspire me, that now, in my latter days, I am more hopeful of humanitys ultimate good than ever. Hopefulnay, I am certain, for I have felt the pulse of humanity, and I know that

3、it throbs with true sympathy. I have listened to its heart-beats, and I know that they tell in no uncertain manner that the heart of humanity is sound and true.Most gladly do I take this opportunity of proclaimingand I would that I could proclaim it with a far-reaching voicethat, in spite of all app

4、earances to the contrary, in spite of apparent carelessness, indifference, and selfishness, the richPg viii are not unmindful of the poor; they do not hate the poor, for I knowand no one knows it betterthat with many of the rich the present condition of the very poor is a matter of deep and almost h

5、eartbreaking concern.They will be gladay, with a great gladnessif some practical way of ameliorating our present conditions can be shown.But I can speak with more authority for the poor, whom I know, love, and serve. The poor have no ill-feeling toward the rich; they harbour no suspicions; no envy,

6、hatred, or malice dwell in their simple minds. Their goodness astonishes me, and it rebukes me.Ah, when we get at the heart of things, rich and poor are very close together, and this closeness makes me hopeful; for out of it social salvation will come and the day arrive when experiences like unto mi

7、ne will be impossible, and mine will have passed away as an evil dream.Sincerely and devoutly I hope that this simple record of some parts of my life and my work may tend to bind rich and poor still closer.One result of my former book, Pictures and Problems from London Police Courts, is to be found

8、at Walton-on-the-Nazea Home of Rest for Londons poorest toilers, which the readers of that book generously gave me the means of establishing. During the present year five hundred poor women have rested in it, some of them neverPg ix having previously seen the sea. Such profits as accrue to me from t

9、he sale of this book will be devoted to the maintenance and development of this Home.One word more. I want it to be distinctly understood that I am no longer a Police Court Missionary. I resigned that position four years ago that I might be free to devote my life to Londons poorest toilers, the home

10、-workers, to whom frequent references are made in my pages, and for whom I hope great things. But I am not free altogether of my old kind of work, for, as secretary of the Howard Association, one half of my life is still devoted to prisons and prisoners.THOMAS HOLMES.12, Bedford Road, Tottenham, N.

11、September, 1908.CHAPTER I MEMORIES AND CONTRASTSDuring the summer of 1904 there were in London few men more unsettled in mind and miserable than myself. I had severed my connection with London police-courtsand well I knew it. I was not sure that I had done wisely or well, and was troubled accordingl

12、y. I missed more than words can express the miseries that had hitherto been inseparable from the routine of my life. For twenty-one years, day after day at a regular hour, I had turned my steps in one direction, and had gone from home morning by morning with my mind attuned to a certain note. It was

13、 not, then, a strange thing to find that mechanical habits had been formed, and that sometimes I found myself on the way to the police-court before I discovered my mistake. Still less was it a marvel to find that my mind refused to accept all at once the fact that I was no longer a Police-Court Miss

14、ionary. I must in truth confess I felt a bit ashamed that I had given up the work. I felt that I was something of a traitor, who had deserted the poor andPg 2 the outcast, many of whom had learned to love and trust me.I am not ashamed to say that I had been somewhat proud of my name and title, for t

15、he words Police-Court Missionary meant much to me, and I had loved my work and had suffered for it.It was doubtless in accordance with the fitness of things that I should retire from the work when I did, for I am getting old, and dead officialism might have crept upon me, and whatever power for good

16、 I may have might have been atrophied. Of such a fate I always felt afraid; mercifully from such a fate I was prevented or delivered.Still, I sorrowed till time lightened the sense of loss. By-and-by new interests arose, new duties claimed me, and other phases of life interested me. Four years have

17、now lapsed, a length of time that allows sufficient perspective, and enables me to calmly take stock of the twenty-one years I spent in London police-courts. I do not in this chapter, or in this book, intend to review the whole of those years, but I do hope to make some comparisons of the things of

18、to-day with those of twenty-one years ago.The comparisons will, I trust, be encouraging, and show that we have progressed in a right direction, and that we are all still progressing. Two days of those years will remain ever with methe day I entered on my work and the day I gave it up.Of the latter I

19、 will not speak; but as the former opened my eyes to wonders of humanity, and humanity being of all wonders the greatest, I have something to say.Pg 3The conditions at London police-courts in those days were bad, past conception. No words of mine can adequately describe them, and only for the sake o

20、f comparison and encouragement do I attempt briefly to portray some of the most striking features of those days. Even now I feel faint when I recall the prisoners waiting-room, with its dirty floor, its greasy walls, and its vile atmosphere.The sanitary arrangements were disgusting. There was no fem

21、ale attendant to be found on the premises.Strong benches attached to the walls provided the only seats; neither was there separation of the sexes. In this room old and young, pure and impure, clean and verminous, sane and insane, awaited their turn to appear before the magistrate; for the insane in

22、those days were brought by local authorities that the magistrate might certify them, and they sat, too, amongst the waiting prisoners.The sufferings of a decent woman who found herself in such company in such a room may easily be imagined; but the sufferings of a pure-minded girl, who for some trifl

23、ing offence found herself in like position, cannot be described. The coarse women of Alsatia made jests upon her, and coarse blackguards, though sometimes well dressed, vaunted their obscenity before her. Deformed beggars, old hags from the workhouseor from worse placesthieves, gamblers, drunkards,

24、and harlots, men and women on the verge of delirium tremensall these, and others that are unmentionable, combine to make thePg 4 prisoners room a horrid memory. Things are far different to-day, for light and cleanliness, fresh air and decency, prevail at police-courts. At every court there is now a

25、female attendant; the sexes are rigidly separated. Childrens cases are heard separately; neither are children placed in the cells or prisoners room.In those days policemen waited for the men and women who had been in their custody, and against whom they had given evidence, and, after their fines wer

26、e paid, went to the nearest public-house and drank at their expense. Hundreds of times I have heard prisoners ask the prosecuting policeman to Make it light for me, and many times I have heard the required promise given and an arrangement made. Sometimes I am glad to think that I have heard policeme

27、n give the reply: I shall speak the truth; but not often was this straightforward answer given.In this respect a great change has come about, for policemen do not hold a conference with their prisoners in the waiting-room, and it is now a rare occurrence for a policeman to take a drink at his prison

28、ers expense.And this improvement is to be welcomed, for it is typical of the improvement that has been going on all round. Gaolers in those days were civil servants, and were not under police authority; now they are sergeants of the police, and under police discipline and authority. The old civil se

29、rvant gaoler looked down from his greater altitude with something like contempt upon the common policemen, and this often led to much friction and unpleasantness. Now thingsPg 5 work smoothly and easily, for every police-court official knows his duties and to whom he is responsible.But a great chang

30、e has also come over the magistratesperhaps the greatest change of all. Doubtless the magistrates of those days were excellent men, but they were not only officials, but official also.It was their business to mete out punishment, and they did it. Some were oldtoo old for the office. I have seen one

31、sleeping on the bench frequently, and only waking up to give sentence. Once while the justice nodded his false teeth fell on his desk; he awoke with a start, and made a frantic effort to recover them. No doubt these men were sound lawyers, but they were representatives of the community as it then ex

32、isted; there was no sentimentality about them, but they were rarely vindictive.The legal profession, too, has changed. Where are the greasy, drunken old solicitors that haunted the precincts of police-courts twenty-five years ago? Gone. But they were common enough in those days, and touted for five-

33、shilling jobs, money down, or higher prices when payment was deferred. With droughty throats and trembling limbs, they hastened to the nearest public-house to spend what payment had been given in advance. Here they would remain till their clients were before the magistrate, and would then appear jus

34、t in time to say: I appear for the prisoner, your Worship. Horrid old men they were, the fronts of their coats and vests all stained and shiny with the droppings of beer. Frequently the Pg 6magistrate, unable to tolerate their drunken or half-drunken maunderings, would order them out of court; but e

35、ven this drastic treatment had little effect upon them, for the next day, or even on the latter part of the same day, they, apparently without shame or humiliation, would inform his Worship that they were in So-and-sos case, and ask at what time it would be takenas if, forsooth, their engagements we

36、re numerous and important.The bullying solicitor, too, has disappeared or mended his ways. No longer is he allowed to bully and insult witnesses or prosecutors, and cast scurrilous and unclean imputations on the lives and characters of those opposed to him. Generally these fellows were engaged for t

37、he defence.They one and all acted on the principle that to attack was the best defence. I once heard an athletic young doctor ask a solicitor of this kind, who had been unusually insulting, to meet him when the case was over, assuring him also that he would receive his desertsa good thrashing. The p

38、ompous, ignorant solicitor, with neither wit, words, action, utterance, nor the power of speechhe, too, has gone. One wondered at the strange fate that made solicitors of such men; wondered, too, how they passed the necessary examinations; but wondered most of all why people paid money for such fell

39、ows to defend them. Invariably they made their clients case much worse; they always declined to let sleeping dogs lie, and were positively certain to reveal something or discover something to the disadvantage of the person whose interests they were supposed to be upholding. I remember one magistrate

40、,Pg 7 sitting impatient and fidgety while the weary drip of words went on, calling out suddenly: Three months hard labour, during which you can ruminate on the brilliant defence made by your solicitor!All these have passed, and police-courts have been civilized; for law is more dignified, and its ad

41、ministration more refined. Magistrates are up-to-date, too, and quite in touch with the new order of things and with the aspirations of the community.Bullying, drunken, and stupid solicitors have no chance to-day. In all these directions great changes have come about, and great progress has been mad

42、e.But the greatest change of all is that which has taken place in the appearance of the prisoners and of police-court humanity generally.Where are the blue-bottle noses now? Twenty-five years ago they were numerous, but now London police-courts know them not.Where are the reddened faces that told of

43、 protracted debauch? They are seldom to be met with. Hundreds of times in the years gone by, in the prisoners waiting-room, I have heard the expression, Hes got them on; and I have seen poor wretches trembling violently with terror in their faces, seeking to avoid some imaginary horror. But delirium

44、 tremens seems to have vanished from London police-courts.Do people drink less? is a question often asked. If I may be permitted to reply, I would say they do, and very much less; but whether they are more sober is another question.Pg 8Of one thing I am perfectly certain, and it is this: people are

45、more susceptible to the effects of drink than they were twenty-five years ago.Whether this susceptibility is due to some change in the drink or to physiological causes in the drinkers I do not know, but of the result I am, as I have said, quite sure.I am inclined to believe that we possess less powe

46、r to withstand the effects of alcohol than formerly. We seem to arrive at the varying stages of drunkenness with very much less trouble, and at very much less cost. The reverse process, too, is equally rapid. Formerly there was not much doubt about the guilt of a man or woman who was charged with be

47、ing drunk. If the policemans word was not quite sufficient, the appearance of the prisoner completed the evidence. But now men and women are mad drunk one hour and practically sober the next. Red noses and inflamed faces cannot be developed under these conditions. I have seen in later years a long a

48、rray of prisoners charged with being drunk, and no evidence of tarrying long at wine upon any one of them, and no evidence of drinking either, excepting the bruises or injuries received.This ability to get drunk quickly and to recover quickly leads sometimes to unexpected results; for some men, when

49、 released on bail, rush promptly to their own doctor and get a certificate of sobriety, and then bring the doctor as a witness.His Worship is in a dilemma when the case is brought before him, for the police state that the man was mad drunk at 1 a.m., while, on the otherPg 9 hand, medical testimony is forthcoming that at 2 a.m. he was perfectly