8年级下册英语重要知识点归纳.docx

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1、优质文本八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳M1重要语法：感官性系统词：feel(摸起来)、look(看起来) 、smell(闻起来)、 taste(尝起来 ) sound(听起来),后接形容词作表语，不能接副词。构成疑问句或否认句要借助助动词。The silk dress feels soft. The flowers look very beautiful. Does it smell nice? The song doesnt sound be noisy.对名词或名词短语感慨用what2. What a delicious smell! 多么香啊！ 感慨句结构：What+ a/an+形容词+单

2、数可数名词+主语+谓语！What an interesting book it is! What+形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语！What bad weather it is today!对形容词、副词或动词感慨用howWhat good students they are! How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语！ How fast he is running! How delicious it smells! How I miss the days we spent together!我多么思念我们一起度过的日子！m afraid+句子:恐怕 Im afraid he has no

3、time today.4. be done 做好了 Is your homework done?你的作业做好了吗？ Dinner is done!晚饭做好了！5. have a try 试一试；尝一尝6.have a sweet tooth 喜好甜食7.thanks for=thank you for+名词/动词-ing。因而感谢你。Thanks for your help.=Thanks for helping me . Thank you for inviting me to your party. 8. hear from=get /receive a letter from收到的来信t

4、 wait to do sth.迫不及待去做某事 I cant wait to see you.10.人+ spend+时间indoing sth.。=It takes +人+时间+to do sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事 He spent two days (in) reading the novel.=It took him two days to read the novel.也置于句末，前加逗号 also也(置于居中be或情态动词之后)as well也置于句末，前不加逗号12.be proud of以为豪 My parents are proud of me.13. How do

5、you feel about+名词/动词-ing？=What do you think of+名词/动词-ing？你觉得怎么样？ How do you feel about the film?=What do you think of the film? How do you feel about coming to China?=What do you think of coming to China?14. be afraid of+名词/动词-ing：害怕. I am afaid of dog/going out at night. be afraid of doing sth.=be

6、afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 She is afraid of sleeping alone at night.= She is afraid to sleep alone at night.15. What does sb. look like?某人长得怎么样问外表答：short/tall/young/pretty What is sb like?某人性格怎么样？问性格或品质答：quiet/nice/strict/kind. -What does your English teacher look like? -He is tall with pair of glasses

7、. -What is your English teacher like? -He is strict but friendly.M2重要语法：现在完成时一：描述过去已经、曾经或还没有做过某事的经历或体验，对现在造成的影响。结构：have/has +动词过去分词(否认) havent/hasnt +动词过去分词 含义：已经/曾经做过 还没有做过标志词：already、ever、never、yet、just等。 I have seen the movie.我已经看过这部电影。我现在了解该电影了。 He has already finished his homework.他已经完成了作业。他可以交

8、作业了 We havent had dinner yet. 我们还没有吃晚饭。 我们现在饿 Have you ever entered a speaking competition?你曾经参加过演讲比赛吗？变一般疑问句把have/has 提到句首 Yes, I have./No, I havent. 2.enter a competition=take part in a competition参加竞赛 sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 He often helps me learn English.4. afford sth.买得起某物 I cant afford the new

9、 bike. afford to do sth. 付得起钱去做某事 =have enough money to buy sth.She cant afford to go to school.她没钱去上学。5. stop to do sth.=stop and then do sth.停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事Im tired. Lets stop to have a rest.我累了。让我们停下来休息一下吧！Its time for class now. Lets stop talking.上课时间到了！让我们不要讲话了！6. make up编写 make up

10、 a story编故事 make it/them up (代词要放中间) sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事8. fifteen-year-old十五岁的复合形容词中的名词不能加s ,作定语 fifteen years old 十五岁 短语，不能作定语，常作表语He is fifteen years old.=He is a fifteen-year-old boy.9.at the moment =now此刻常用于现在进行时中10. have/has been to+某地：曾经去过某地人已经回来，常与次数连用have/has gone to +某地：到某地去了人未回，不能与次数连用h

11、ave/has been in +某地：在某地呆/逗留常与for +时间段连用I have been to Hong Kong twice.He isnt here now. He has gone to the USA.We have been in China for 20 years.11. be different from与.不同12.find it +形容词+ to do sth. 发现做某事是.的it 是形式宾语，无义，替代后面不定式I find it easy to learn maths. 我发现学数学很容易。 Tony finds it hard to speak Chin

12、ese. 托尼发现说汉语很难。13. so far到目前为止常用于现在完成时So far I have learnt 3，000 English words.14. all over the world=around the world 全世界15.count down 倒数 M31. already已经常用于现在完成时肯定句句中或句末I have already known himyet尚，还常用于现在完成时否认句或疑问句句末Has it arrived yet？ just 刚刚常用于现在完成时肯定句句中They have just arrived.2. What are your up t

13、o?=What are you doing?你在忙什么？3.Im not sure how to make it.= Im not sure how I can make it.4. Thats why .那就是的原因了。5. in order to+动词原形：为了 He works so hard in order to get the best score. so that+句子=in order that+句子：为了 He works so hard so that (in order that) he can get the best score.6. there is(现在完成时形式

14、)there has been 已经有/存在 there are(现在完成时形式)there have been已经有/存在 There have been many buildings in our village since 15 years ago.7.go around围绕转8. none of +名词复数/宾格+动词单/复形：没有一个既指人也指物 no one +动词单=nobody仅指人，不与of 连用，常用于who提出的问题None of the students know(s) the anwer. 没有一个学生知道答案。-How many people are there i

15、n the room? None.一个也没有强调数量No one knows the answer. Whos in the classroom?- No one.没有人强调有没有人9. be called被称为 10.a small part of .的一小局部11 municate with与联系 12.finish doing sth.完成做某事 13.write back回信M4重要语法：1.现在完成时二：描述一个动作或状态从过去持续到现在乃至将来有多长时间。常与 “for+时间段/since+时间点、so far、recently最近、in the last 10 years最近十年

16、等表示持续的时间连用，也用于how long问句中。 I have learnt English for 6 years. He has lived here since he was born. China has changed a lot in the last 30 years. How long have you learnt English?特别注意：在现在完成时二中，与 “for+时间段/since+时间点或how long问句中，动词必须为可延续性动词learn, stay, live ，不能为短暂性动词(buy, borrow, die),假设为短暂性动词那么要转换成延续性动

17、词或短语。如：buy have borrow-keep/have leave-be away die-be dead come/go/reachbe in join the party-be in the party错误： I have bought the bike for 3 days.(buy 为短暂性动词，不能与for +时间段连用) 正确： I have had/kept the bike for 3 days.(将buy改为延续性动词have2. 问- How long?多久.? 答-For +时间段/since+时间点。How long have you been like th

18、is? 你这样多久了？ I have been ill for about three days.我生病大约三天了。3.catch a cold感冒 have a fever发烧 take ones temperature测量某人的体温 do exercise锻炼 fast food 快餐 not usually 不经常 three times a day一天三次4. be harmful to 对.有害 Playing computer games is harmful to your eyes.5. by doing通过做. decidenot to do sth. 决心不做某事 in e

19、xcellent /bad condition 身体状况良好/差 ride to work=go to work by bike 骑车上班 arrive at/in=get to = reach到达 with a smile on ones face 面带笑脸go for a run去跑步 feel awful 感到不适 all over 浑身；普及6. tooto太而不能 The boy is too young to go to school. sb. to do sth.选择某人去干某事 on the way在路上M5s time to (动词)do sth.=Its time for名

20、词sth.该做某事的时候了。 Its time to have class.=Its time for class. play games.= games. eat dinner.= dinner2.fight fought fouthtsb.打某人 fight with sb.与某人打架 fight for为而战3. fly through 飞越 climb up 爬上 4. I want to be someone like him.我想成为想他那样的人。5. keep doing something不断做某事 keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事 keep sb fro

21、m doing sth. =stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 Keep trying, and youll succeed成功. 不断尝试，你就会成功！6. cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 She couldnt help crying when she heard the news.I cant help missing you when I see the photos.The little boy cant help dancing with the rock music.7.over=more than超过8.win the h

22、eart of sb.赢得某人的心 The boy won the heart of the beautiful girl.9.make a terrible mess 弄得一团糟10.expect to do sth. 期待做某事 I expect to see you soon.11.ever since +句子(一般过去时)常用于现在完成时 We have known each other ever since we were young.12. in the 1980s在二十世纪八十年代in 1980 在1980年没有the 和s13.find real life hard to un

23、derstand=find it hard to understand real hard 发现现实生活难以理解 find +宾格+形容词+ to do=find it +形容词+to do+宾格：发现做是的14. as well as=with/and also和；以及；也；像一样好 He can speak English as well as French.他会说英语，也会说法语。 Tony as well as his parents lives in China now.托尼和他的父母现在住在国。动词要根据就远原那么，与as well as 前的主语人称和数一致 I can spea

24、k English as well as him.我的英语说得想他一样好。15 e to life 复活/恢复生气16.be popular with sb.收到某人的欢迎17.几种时态区别:时态 概念 谓语动词形式 时间标志词一般现在时：经常发生或习惯性地动作 动词原形/三单 often usually sometimes every day/week一般过去式： 过去发生的动作或状态 动词过去式 yesterday ago just now ,last week/year现在完成时：已经或曾经干过某事，对现在的影响 have/has+过去分词 already yet just never.

25、 过去发生的动作持续到现在或将来有多久。 for+时间段、since+时间点，so far, rencentlyM61. take up 占据空间/时间 The desk took up too much room. Playing computer games has taken up most of his time. 从事 He took up art at school. 他在学校教美术。2. find somewhere to sit down 找地方坐下3. a bit of +不可数名词= a little of a bit of food/orange juice a bit

26、of a mess有点乱 a bit +形容词/副词= a little a bit tired/hungry 区别：not a bit:一点也不 not a little: 很/非常4. must 一定表推测 It must be really valuable. 他一定很值钱。5. as+(形容词/副词)原级+as: 像一样 He is as tall as his brother. 否认：not as as 不如. Tom is not as tall as his brother.6. in ones life在某人一生中7. make sb./sth. +动词原形：使某人/某物做某事

27、 Dont make me laugh. The boss made the worker work for a long time.类似：let sb./sth. +动词原形：让某人/某物做某事8. grow as a person 长大成人9. someothers一些另外一些10. develop ones interest 培养某人的兴趣11. as well as=besides 除了.之外，还包括.As well as Tom, his parents came to the party.汤姆和他的父母都来参加了这个聚会。12. encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励

28、某人做某事13. come out 出版；外出；14. as a result结果 as a result of.由于.=because of He didnt work hard, as a result, he didnt pass the exam.15. be interested in+名词/动词-ing: 对感兴趣 I am very interested in maths. Are you interested in dancing?16. sb. spend+时间+doing sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事。 = It takes sb.+时间+ to do sth. He

29、usually spends lots of time playing computer games.=It usually takes him lots of time to play computer games.M71. prepare for为.做准备= get ready for2. make a list of列的清单3. get ready把准备好4.It sounds crazy. 这听起来很荒唐。5. I dont know what to take.简单句= I dont know what I should take.复合句6. at the end of 在.的尽头/结

30、尾7. Is 200 dollars enough?金钱、时间、距离做主语时，视作单数 50 years is long time. 100 metres is a short distance.8. had better +动词原形：最好做某事 You had better stay home at night.否认：had better not +动词原形：最好不要做某事：Youd better not go out now.9. by the way 顺便说一下 go crazy 变疯 in a group of 20二十人一组10. offer sb. sth.= offer sth.

31、 to sb.向某人提供某物 He offered the poor lots of food and water. offer to do sth. 自愿去做某事 They offered to help me.11. learn about了解 at the same time同时 be well trained受过良好培训 depend on 依赖；取决于14. provide sb. sth.提供某人某物= provide sb. with sth./provide sth. for sb.15. set tests安排考试 form close friendships with 与.

32、结成亲密的友谊 stay in touch with和保持联系 take trips to到去旅行 at least至少 fill out填写 M81. 重要语法：宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子。本模块重点：由that引导的宾语从句，that 无义，可省, 后接陈述句作宾语。宾语从句复合句=主句 + 引导词 + 宾语从句。I can hardly believe (that) were in the city centre.Tony guesses that the park is very popular.Lingling suggests that they spend the day

33、 there.Lingling doesnt think the park will be busy.主句和从句的时态关系：主句：一般现在时 从句：需根据实际情况用不同时态 Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.从句为一般现在时 Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk. 从句为一般将来时My grandparents often tell me they lived a hard life in the past.从句为一般过去时 Xiaoming says he has already finished

34、his homework. 从句为现在完成时主句：一般过去时 从句：一般过去时/过去时的某种时态He said(that) there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 从句用一般过去时Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.从句用过去将来时Our teacher told us he had taught here for 20 years. 从句用过去完成时特殊情况：从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间改变而改变的事实时，不管主句为何种时态，从句总是用一般现在时。Hesaidthatlight

35、travelsmuchfasterthansound. 他说光比声音传播得快)The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. 客观事实Shesaid(that)herfatheristwenty-eightyearsolderthanher. 客观事实My father told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.客观真理注意：当主句的谓语动词是think或believe，宾语从句要表达否认时，要把从句的否认转移到主句上。Idontthinkheisgoin

36、gtohelpyouwithyourEnglish.We dont believe that we have won the basketball match.2. hardly 几乎不= almost notHe can hardly believe the result, can he?前否后肯3. so that 如此以至于The little boy is so young that he cant go to school.=The little boy is too young to go to school.= The little boy is not old enough t

37、o go to school.so that 以便；为了=in order tharHe got up early so that he could catch up the early bus.4. hear sb./sth.+动词原形：听见某人/某物经常/过去做. hear sb./sth.+动词-ing: 听见某人/某物正在做.I often hear her play the piano in her room.I heard her play the piano in her room last night.I hear her playing the piano in her ro

38、om now.5. be famous for因而著名 be famous as+职业/身份：作为而知名This park is famous for its lake.Luxun is famous as a writer.6. allow doing sth.允许做某事 They dont allow smoking here allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 His parents allowed him to go out with me. allow+that从句：He allowed that they were right. 他成认他们是对的7. Its b

39、etter (for sb.) to do sth.对某人来说最好去做某事。 Its better for you to stop smoking.=You had better stop smoking.8. point out指出 point at/to指着近物/远物 9. at the top of 在的顶部 move about四处走动 10. promise to do sth.容许做某事 He promised to help us. promise not to do sth. 保证不做某事 Tony promised not to talk in class. promise

40、+that 从句: My parents promise that they will buy me a new shirt.11.have a wonderful time玩得开心magic land 仙境 square kilometer 平方公里 by a small lake 在小湖边 wake sb. up 唤醒某人 12. without doing 没有做. We came out without making any noise.13.It is a pity that+从句。真遗憾. Its a pity that you have missed the party.14.w

41、alk down the path 顺路而下15.put leaves off plants 从植物扯下叶子16. the second largest 第二大. (the +序数词+最高级：第几最.)17.fall asleep入睡 M9根本结构：主句+if/whether+宾语从句用陈述语序1.重要语法：if/whether 引导的宾语从句复合句，if/whether意为“是否，用在将直接引语说话人说得话为一般疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语转述他人的话的复合句中做引导词，转化后需将一般疑问句变为陈述句，即陈述语序。直接引语“Are you a teacher? he asks.间接引语He

42、asks if/whether I am a teacher.直接引语“Have you finished your home work?the teacher asked him. 间接引语The teacher asked if/whether I had finished my home work.间接引语也就是if/whether 引导的宾语从句He wants to know if it will rain tomorrow.I dont know whether he is at home or not.注：if 和whether 一般情况下可以互换使用，但如下情况，不能用if,只

43、能用whether:在动词不定式之前只能用whether I dont know whether to accept or refuse拒绝. 在whether or not 的固定搭配中。Let me know whether you can come or not. 在介词后，只能用whether。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether 。Whether it is true or not, I cant tell.用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如用whether可防止歧义。特殊疑问词引

44、导的宾语从句what/where/when/which/why/how/how many根本结构：主句+特殊疑问词+宾语从句用陈述语序直接引语为特殊疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语复合句时，用原来的特殊疑问词作引导词，但后面需改为陈述句，即陈述语序。直引“What s your name?Mr. Li asks me.间引Mr. Li asks what my name is.直引“Why did he ask for help? he asked. 间引He asked why he asked for help.间引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。 Where does he come from? I dont know.合并句子I dont know where he comes from. 合并后，原来的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，故要改