高中英语-限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有四大区别与训练-华师大版.doc

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1、优质文本限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别，一、在句中作用不同限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否那么句意就不完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。二、外在表现形式不同限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。例1. This is the place where he used to live.例 2. Mr. Zhang，who

2、 came to see me yesterday，is an old friend of mine.在例 1中，定语从句与先行词关系密切，为限制性定语从句，不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在例2中，定语从句与先行词关系不密切，为非限制性定语从句，可用逗号将其与主句隔开。三、先行词内容有所不同大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。例：1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband，which frightened me very much.由语境可

3、知，令“我恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导定语从句。例：2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages， which surprises all the people present.由语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句。四、关系词的使用情况有所不同一 that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系

4、副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that 不可。例如：他没通过这次考试，令我很失望。误：He didnt pass the exam，that disappointed me.正：He didnt pass the exam，which disappointed me.值得注意的是，不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句，这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，那么用 who ， whom或 whose 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词指物可用 which 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用 when，where 引

5、导非限制性定语从句。例1. Well graduate in July，when we will be free.例2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing，where a conference was to be held.二关系代词替代情况不同关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ，但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。例: 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.先行词 the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用 who 代替 whom

6、.例: 2. A young man had a new girl friend，whom he wanted to impress.先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用 who 代替 whom .在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/ whom ，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，不可用 that 代替 who/whom .例：她有一个姐姐，她是教师。误： She has a sister，that is a teacher.正：She has a sister，who is teacher.三关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在

7、限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。例 1. This is the bookwhich/thathe lost yesterday.先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。例 2. The book， which he lost yesterday， has been found.先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 不可省。(四as引导定语从句时的用法 as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as, such as结构中。e.g. I want the

8、 same shirt as my friends. Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。 as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用以下句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in

9、 this mid-term examination. 3as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别 当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.He made a long speech, which was unexpected. 当非限制定语从句为否认时，常用which引导。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.2. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔

10、开。这种定语从句叫做分隔性定语从句e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which来代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定局部不要拆开。e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is

11、 her father.6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可以省略。定语从句练习、一、把以下每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam. They dont st

12、udy hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is quite tal

13、l. He is climbing it.11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.12. Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my

14、class.16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was

15、a temple. 20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.二、根据句子意思，用介词关系代词whom或which 完成以下句子.1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke.3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.4. The two thin

16、gs _ _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books, has not been found.6. The stories about the Long March, _ _ this is one example, are well written.三、选择填空：1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. who B. which C. whom

17、 D. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whose B. who C. whom D. which3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. that B. which C. what D. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily?A. when B. where C. which D. wh

18、o5. Tom t took away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week. A. which B. that C. whom D. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whom B. which C. who D. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. when B. where C. which D. who8. Who is the woman _ is sw

19、eeping the floor over there?A. who B. / C. that D. when9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker.A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the

20、nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A. of whom B. from whom

21、C. about that D. who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French. A. where B. who C. in which D. which15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. that B. whom C. when D. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. that

22、B. which C. whatever D. all17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those18. This is the very letter _came last night.A. who B. which C. that D. as19. I know only a little about this matter; yo

23、u may ask _ knows better than I.A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A. where B. / C. when D. what21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. where B. that C. which D. on which22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A. w

24、hich B. in which C. that D. /23. Jack is pleased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him. A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?A. that B. which C. its D. whose25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _

25、she could turn for help.A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom26. Is this school _ we visited three years ago?A. the one B. which C. that D. where27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago?A. the one B. where C. in which D. /28, How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the c

26、ountry?A. whose B. who C. whom D. which29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. it B. which C. that D. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people.A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there we

27、re31. I live in the house _ windows face south. A. which B. whose C. where D. that32. - What game is popular with them? - The _ most is tennis.A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it33. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had.A

28、. which B. which time C. during which D. during which time34. The room _ Mr White lives is not very large. A. that B. which C. where D. when35. Dont forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League.A. when B. that C. at which D. where36. Ive finished writing the novel, _ is to be published n

29、ext month.A. that B. what C. which D. when37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.A. which B. as C. that D. it38. _ is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.A. What B. As C. That D. Which39. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during World War

30、 .A. whose B. that C. whom D. who40. I have bought two pens, _ write well.A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which 41. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?A. why B. which C. for that D. of which42. He failed in the exam, _ proves that he wasnt working hard

31、enough.A. which B. what C. it D. that43. During the week _ he tried to collect materials for his article.A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed44. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.A. It B. Which C. As D. That45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, _ his fath

32、er expected.A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what46. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser.A. when B. as C. whose D. what47. You must show my wife the same respect _ you show me.A. when B. as C. whose D. what48. He is absent, _ is often the case.A.

33、what B. which C. who D. as49. It is the first time _ I have come to your city.A. that B. which C. what D. when 50. Who _ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.A. who B. that C. whom D. which51. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect

34、on my life.A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who52. This is the only book _ I can find.A. that B. which C. it D. with which53. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which54. That is one of those books that _ worth reading.A. i

35、s B. are C. has D. have55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting _ the best.A. is B. are C. has D. have定语从句参考答案一、1. The fan that you want is on the desk. 2. The man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room. 3. The magazine which he has taken away is mine.4. The stude

36、nts who dont study hard will not pass the exam. 5. The woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 6. The letter I received yesterday is from my sister. 7. The play that we saw last night was wonderful. 8. The train which was going to Nanning was late. 9. The boy who was here a minute ago is

37、 my brother. 10. The tree he is climbing is quite tall. 11. Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop. 12. Thats the child whose drawing we were looking at just now. 13. This is the boy whose sister is a favous singer. 14. I want to talk to the boy whose homework hasnt been handed in. 15. Is

38、 that the woman whose daughter is in my class? 16. He used to live in a big house, in front of which grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory, at the back of which there were rice fields. 18. The soldier ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. 19. In the evening they arrived at

39、 a hill, at the foot of which there was a temple. 20. She came into a big room, in the middle of which stood a large table. 二、1. to whom; 2. wiht which; 3. with whom; 4. about which; 5. in which; 6. of which三、15 ABACD 610 CDCCA 1115 CCADA 1620 ACCAB 2125 ABBDC 2630 ADABD 3135 BBDCA 3640 CABCC 4145 AADCD 4650 BBDAB 51. BAABA