湘雅儿科精品课件-Measles-文档资料word版本.ppt
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1、湘雅儿科精品课件-Measles-文档资料概述概述(overview)(overview)临床特征为:发热、上呼吸道炎症、结合临床特征为:发热、上呼吸道炎症、结合膜炎、膜炎、Koplik斑及全身性斑丘疹斑及全身性斑丘疹(clinical features:fever,upper respiratory inflammation,conjunctivitis,Kopliks spots and generalized maculopapular rash)11/19/20222麻疹病原病原(ETIOLOGY)麻疹病毒麻疹病毒(measles virus)属副粘液病毒,无亚型,仅一种抗原型属副粘液
2、病毒,无亚型,仅一种抗原型(RNA-containing virus of the Paramyxovirus family,only one serotype)11/19/20223麻疹病原病原(ETIOLOGY)麻疹病毒麻疹病毒(measles virus)麻疹病毒不耐热,对日光和消毒剂均敏麻疹病毒不耐热,对日光和消毒剂均敏感,但在低温中能长期保存感,但在低温中能长期保存(Measles virus are rapidly inactivated by heat,light,and all kinds of desinfectant,but can be stored indefinite
3、ly at low temperature)。11/19/20224麻疹病原病原(ETIOLOGY)麻疹病毒麻疹病毒(measles virus)存在于患者前驱期和出疹期的眼结膜、存在于患者前驱期和出疹期的眼结膜、鼻、咽、气管等分泌物中鼻、咽、气管等分泌物中(During the prodromal period and eruption period,it is found in sections of conjunctiva,nose ,pharynx ,trachea and so on)。11/19/20225麻疹麻疹的发病机制麻疹的发病机制 鼻、咽鼻、咽 短期繁殖短期繁殖病毒病毒 局
4、部粘膜局部粘膜 血流血流 远处器官单核远处器官单核 眼结膜眼结膜 (第一次)(第一次)巨噬细胞系统巨噬细胞系统 潜伏期潜伏期大量繁殖大量繁殖 局部症状局部症状 血流血流 (第二次)(第二次)前驱期前驱期 全身症状全身症状 11/19/20226麻疹病理病理(PATHOGEY)全身淋巴组织增生,有多核巨细胞形成全身淋巴组织增生,有多核巨细胞形成 (Hyperplasia of all lymphoid tissue usually occurs,multinucleated giant cells may be found)11/19/20227麻疹病理病理(PATHOGEY)n多核巨细胞多核巨
5、细胞(multinucleated(multinucleated giant cells)giant cells):多个巨:多个巨噬细胞融合形成的具有核内外包涵体的巨细胞噬细胞融合形成的具有核内外包涵体的巨细胞n网状内皮巨细胞也称华网状内皮巨细胞也称华-佛细胞佛细胞(reticuloendothelial giant cells or Warthin-reticuloendothelial giant cells or Warthin-Finkeldey cells)Finkeldey cells):存在于全身淋巴组织和肝、脾:存在于全身淋巴组织和肝、脾等脏器中等脏器中n上皮巨细胞(上皮巨细胞
6、(epithelial giant cellsepithelial giant cells):主要位于):主要位于皮肤、眼结合膜、呼吸道和消化道粘膜等处皮肤、眼结合膜、呼吸道和消化道粘膜等处 11/19/20228麻疹病理病理(PATHOGEY)n皮肤、眼结合膜、鼻咽部、支气管、肠道粘膜等处皮肤、眼结合膜、鼻咽部、支气管、肠道粘膜等处可见单核细胞增生及围绕在毛细血管周围的多核可见单核细胞增生及围绕在毛细血管周围的多核巨细胞,淋巴样组织肥大巨细胞,淋巴样组织肥大(Prolifieration of mononuclear cells is found in the skin,in the con
7、junctivae and in the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx,bronchi,and intestinal tract,multinucleated giant cells occur around the capillaries.Hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue occurs.)11/19/20229麻疹病理病理(PATHOGEY)颊粘膜下层的微小分泌腺发炎,其病变内有浆液渗颊粘膜下层的微小分泌腺发炎,其病变内有浆液渗出及内皮细胞增殖形成出及内皮细胞增殖形成KoplikKoplik斑斑 (An inflammat
8、ory reaction occurs in the fine secretor of (An inflammatory reaction occurs in the fine secretor of the buccal mucosa,where serous exudate and the buccal mucosa,where serous exudate and proliferation of endothelial cells result inproliferation of endothelial cells result in KopliksKopliks spots)spo
9、ts)11/19/202210麻疹病理病理(PATHOGEY)n麻疹引起的间质性肺炎为麻疹引起的间质性肺炎为HechtHecht巨细胞肺炎巨细胞肺炎 (Interstitial (Interstitial pneumonitis resultingpneumonitis resulting from measles virus takes the from measles virus takes the form of Hecht giant cell pneumonia)form of Hecht giant cell pneumonia)11/19/202211麻疹病理病理(PATHOGE
10、Y)n麻疹皮疹的病理改变:真皮毛细血管内皮增生、麻疹皮疹的病理改变:真皮毛细血管内皮增生、血浆渗出、红细胞相对增多形成淡红色斑丘疹血浆渗出、红细胞相对增多形成淡红色斑丘疹(Maculopapular rash consists of proliferation of(Maculopapular rash consists of proliferation of capillarycapillary endothelial cells in skin,serous exudate endothelial cells in skin,serous exudate and relative incr
11、ease of red cells)and relative increase of red cells)n疹退后,表皮细胞坏死、角化形成脱屑。疹退后,表皮细胞坏死、角化形成脱屑。n皮疹处红细胞裂解,疹退后形成棕色色素沉着。皮疹处红细胞裂解,疹退后形成棕色色素沉着。11/19/202212麻疹典型麻疹典型麻疹(Typical measles)(Typical measles)潜伏期潜伏期(Incubation stage)一般为一般为1014天天(亦可短至亦可短至1周周),此期,此期可有轻度体温上升可有轻度体温上升(It lasts usually 1014 days after contac
12、t,maybe as short as 1 week.The temperature may increased slightly)。临床表现临床表现11/19/202213麻疹典型麻疹典型麻疹前驱期前驱期(Prodromal stage)指从发热至出疹指从发热至出疹,一般为一般为3-43-4天天(from fever to rash appearance,usually lasts 3-4 days)临床表现临床表现11/19/202214麻疹典型麻疹典型麻疹 主要表现:发热、上呼吸道炎症、眼结主要表现:发热、上呼吸道炎症、眼结合膜炎、合膜炎、Stimson线线(fever,upper re
13、spiratory inflammation,conjunctivitis )麻疹粘膜斑麻疹粘膜斑(Kopliks spots)前驱期前驱期(Prodromal stage)临床表现临床表现11/19/202215麻疹Kopliks spotsKopliks spots(麻疹粘膜斑麻疹粘膜斑)时间:时间:发疹前发疹前24 48小时出现小时出现(24-48 hours before the appearance of the rash);位置:位置:开始对着下臼齿的颊粘膜上;以后开始对着下臼齿的颊粘膜上;以后累及整个颊部并蔓延至唇部粘膜累及整个颊部并蔓延至唇部粘膜(initially oppos
14、ite the lower molars but may spread the rest of the buccal and lip mucosa)。临床表现临床表现11/19/202216麻疹Kopliks spotsKopliks spots(麻疹粘膜斑麻疹粘膜斑)形态:形态:直径约直径约1的灰白色小点,外有红晕的灰白色小点,外有红晕(grayish white dots with 1mm in diameter,usually as small as grains of sand,that reddish areolae);发展:发展:1天内很快增多,皮疹出现后逐渐消天内很快增多,皮疹出
15、现后逐渐消失失(They spread rapidly within one day and disappear gradually after the appearance of the rash)。临床表现临床表现11/19/202217麻疹11/19/202218麻疹典型麻疹典型麻疹出疹期出疹期(eruption stage)在发热在发热3-53-5天后出现天后出现,持续持续3-53-5天天 出疹顺序出疹顺序:耳后、发际耳后、发际额、面部额、面部颈颈躯干躯干四肢四肢,达手掌、足底达手掌、足底 (initially occurring behind the ears and hairlin
16、e and spreading down from the forehead and face to neck,the trunk and the extremities).临床表现临床表现11/19/202219麻疹典型麻疹典型麻疹出疹期出疹期(eruption stage)(eruption stage)皮疹性质皮疹性质:红色斑丘疹,疹间皮肤正常红色斑丘疹,疹间皮肤正常(red maculupapular rash,(red maculupapular rash,there is normal skin there is normal skin among rashes.)among ra
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