人教版八年级下册Unit7语法讲解.ppt

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1、Unit 7Whats the highest mountain in the world?Section A Grammar FocusGrammar FocusWhats the highest mountain in the world?Qomolangma.How high is Qomolangma?Its 8,844.43 meters high.Its higher than any other mountain.Which is the deepest salt lake in the world?The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all th

2、e salt lakes.Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world?Yes,I did.Its much older than the US.4a.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.1.The Amazon River is one of the _ rivers in the world.Its a little _ than the Yangtze River.2.Qomolangma is 8,84

3、4.43 meters_.big much popular long old highlongestlongerhigh Its one of the most_ places for serious mountain climbers.3.No ocean in the world is as _ as the Pacific Ocean.4.Although Japan is _ than Canada,it is _smaller.popularbigoldermuche.g.Two rivers：_ and _4b.Write two comparisons about two top

4、ics.Write true facts.the Yangtze Riverthe Amazon RiverThe Yangtze River is almost as long as the Amazon River.The Amazon is longer than the Yangtze,but the Yangtze is the longest river in China.Two cities：_ and _1._2._ _Two animals：_ and _1._ 2._ _Pair workTwo cities:_ and _1._.2._ _.Shanghai Sydney

5、Shanghai is as modern as SydneyShanghai is much smaller than Sydney.Sydney isalmost 2 times as big as ShanghaiTwo animals:_ and _1._.2._ _.a fishA shark is bigger than a fish.A fish is smaller than a shark.A shark eats more than a fish.a shark4c.Write five questions using comparisons.Then ask your p

6、artner your questions.1._2._3._4._5._What is the highest building in our city?Who is the oldest people in our city?What is the most popular street in our city?What is the most delicious food in our city?Where is the busiest road in our city?Grammar Focus(一一)数数词 Numeral数词是用来表示事物的数目和顺序的数词是用来表示事物的数目和顺序

7、的词。词。数数词的分的分类：1.基数基数词2.序数序数词3.分数分数词今天我今天我们先来学先来学习一下基数一下基数词。1.1.复习复习11001100以内的所有数字。以内的所有数字。2.2.掌握百、千、万、十万、百万的掌握百、千、万、十万、百万的表达法。表达法。1、1-19的基数词 one 1 two 2 three 3 four 4 five 5 six 6 seven 7 eight 8 nine 9 ten 10 eleven 11 twelve 12 thirteen 13 fourteen 14 fifteen 15 sixteen 16 seventeen 17 eighteen

8、18 nineteen 192、2090等十位数twenty 20thirty 30forty 40fifty 50sixty 60seventy 70eighty 80ninety 90 twenty-one 21 twenty-two 22 其它的十位数照此其它的十位数照此类推，如：推，如：thirty-one 31 forty-two 42 seventy-five 75 ninety-six 963、百、千、万 百百 hundred 100 one hundred 200 two hundred 以此以此类推推 千千 thousand 1 000 one thousand 2 000

9、two thousand英英语里没有里没有“万万”这一一单位，位，万也用万也用thousand表示。如：表示。如：10 000 ten thousand 一万一万20 000 twenty thousand 两万两万 4、十万、百万十万的十万的说法是：法是：100.000 a(one)hundred thousand 200.000 two hundred thousand million 百万百万 a(one)million 1,000,000 two million 2,000,000 以此以此类推推 8,000,000 eight million练一一练345100118,657,421

10、three hundred and forty-fiveone thousand(and)oneeighteen million,six hundred and fifty-seven thousand,four hundred and twenty-one1.The project lasted 5 years and cost 2 billion dollars.2.The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.3.One thousand pounds is a lot of money.表示确定数量表示确定数量时 用

11、基数用基数词+hundred，thousand，million，billion多位基数词读法多位基数词读法457890608389three hundred and eighty-ninefour hundred and fifty-seveneight hundred and ninetysix hundred and eight 1）101999的的三三位位数数由由“百百位位数数and+两两位位数数组成成”。如：如：325three hundred and twenty-five 102 one hundred and two635 six hundred and thirty-five2

12、)三位数以上的数，从个位往前数，每三位数三位数以上的数，从个位往前数，每三位数加一个逗号，从后往前数的第一个逗号代表加一个逗号，从后往前数的第一个逗号代表thousand,第二个逗号代表第二个逗号代表million,第三个逗号第三个逗号是是billion，注意，注意这几个几个词不能用复数形式，后不能用复数形式，后也不能加也不能加and。例如：。例如：2,648 two thousand,six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million,two hundred and fifty thousand,sixty-four 确切数目与不确切

13、数目的表达确切数目与不确切数目的表达：hundred,thousand,million,billion等前面有等前面有基数基数词，表示确切数目表示确切数目时，用，用单数，后直接数，后直接接复数名接复数名词；如：如：three hundred books one hundred people five thousand students seven million starts表示不确切数目表示不确切数目时，这类词后加后加-s且与且与of连 用。用。如：如：hundreds of people thousands of students millions of birds billions of

14、 lions注意：注意：这类短短语中，名中，名词前如有定冠前如有定冠词、指、指 示代示代词或形容或形容词性物主代性物主代词时，可加，可加of,但但 表示的是范表示的是范围。如：。如：two hundred of the workers工人中的二百（人）工人中的二百（人）Grammar Focus(二二)形容形容词的比的比较级和最高和最高级 comparatives and superlatives with adj.and adv.short-shortersmall-smallernicenicersafesafer-bigthinheavyheavierhappyhappier找规律：找规

15、律：bigbiggerthinthinnerdelicious more delicious interesting more interesting important more important carefully-more carefully quickly-more quickly slowly-more slowlyeasily-more easily找规律：找规律：大多数形容大多数形容词和副和副词有三个等有三个等级：原原级、比、比较级、最高、最高级。一、一、形容形容词比比较级的构成的构成 1.1.构成的不构成的不规则变化化:2.2.构成的构成的规则变化化:形容词和副词的比较级形容

16、词和副词的比较级 1.构成的不构成的不规则变化化:e.g.good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest2.构成的构成的规则变化化:1)单音音节词和少数双音和少数双音节词一般在一般在词尾尾 后加后加-er 构成比构成比较级 或或-est构成最高构成最高级.如：如：原原级 比比较级 最高最高级 cold colder coldest bright brighterbrightest young younge

17、r youngest2)以字母以字母 e 结尾的尾的词只加只加 r 或或-st 构成构成 比比较级和和最高最高级。原原级 比比较级 最高最高级 nice nicer nicest fine finer finest large larger largest3)重重读闭音音节词末尾只有一个末尾只有一个辅音字母音字母时,先双写先双写这个个辅音字母音字母,再加再加-er或或-est。如如:big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest 4)以以“辅音字母音字母+y”结尾的双音尾的双音节词，先改先改y为i,再加再加-er或或-est。如：。如：easy easier

18、easiest happy happier happiest5)多音多音节词和部分双音和部分双音节词在在词前加前加more 或或most。如：。如：delicious more delicious most delicious interesting more interesting most interesting importantmore important most importantcarefully-more carefully-most carefullyquickly-more quickly-most quicklyslowly-more slowly-most slowly

19、easily-more easily-most easily形容词形容词最高级最高级的构成的构成A:tall short quick thick light cool warm quiet wild calm the-esttalltallertallestB:heavy easy tidy dry busy happy healthy hungry earlyy-i-estC:large late nice-st biggestD:bighothottestthin “双写双写”thinnestwet wettest fatfattestAdjective delicious dangero

20、us interesting popular beautiful careful friendly the most-adj.Adjective better best farlittle worse worstmore mostfarther farthestless leastgoodwellbadbadlymany much 1.good fortable 3.big 4.happy 5.cheap 6.many 7.difficult 8.little better best more comfortable most comfortable bigger biggest happie

21、r happiest cheaper cheapest more most more difficult most difficult less least1.用法：英用法：英语中中三者或三者以上三者或三者以上相比相比较，表示，表示“最最”这样的最高程度概念的最高程度概念时，要用，要用“the+最最高高级”的的结构表示。构表示。这种句式一般种句式一般带有表示有表示比比较的介的介词短短语，比如，比如:in our class,of the three 等。等。例如：例如：Wang Lin is the tallest in our class.This theater is the cheape

22、st of the three.注意使用最高注意使用最高级时应注意以下几点：注意以下几点：形容词的最高级形容词的最高级 (1)表示表示“最最之一之一”的句式，要用的句式，要用 one of the+形容形容词最高最高级+复数名复数名词。例如例如:Jingjiang Hotel is one of the biggest hotels in our city.Lisa is not one of my best friends.(2)当最高当最高级前面有前面有物主代物主代词或名或名词所有格所有格时，不加定冠不加定冠词 the。例如：例如：Tom is Lucys best friend.Tues

23、day is her busiest day.(3)最高最高级前可加前可加序数序数词。例如：例如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(4)形容最高形容最高级修修饰作表作表语或介或介词宾语的名的名词，代代词时，被修，被修饰的的词往往省略。往往省略。例如：例如：He is the laziest(student)in our class.2.形容形容词比比较级和最高和最高级的构成的构成(1)规则变化化a.一般情况下，一般情况下，单音音节或双音或双音节的形容的形容词比比较级直接加直接加-er,最高最高级直接加直接加-est。如

24、：。如：clevercleverercleverest cheapcheapercheapest fewfewerfewest smallsmallersmallest youngyoungeryoungest b.以以-e 结尾的形容尾的形容词，比，比较级+-r,最高最高级+-st。如：。如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest cutecutercutestc.以以辅音字母音字母+y结尾的形容尾的形容词，变y为i+er或或+est。busybusierbusiest heavyheavierheaviest easyeasiereasiest happyha

25、ppierhappiest dirtydirtierdirtiestd.以重以重读闭音音节结尾，末尾只有一个尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母音字母结 尾的尾的词，双写最后一个，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加音字母，再加+er或或 +est。如：如：bigbiggerbiggest thinthinnerthinnest fatfatterfattest hothotterhotteste.多音多音节和部分双音和部分双音节形容形容词，需在原，需在原级前前+more 构成比构成比较级，+most 构成最高构成最高级。如：。如：importantmore importantmost important beau

26、tifulmore beautiful most beautiful difficultmore difficultmost difficult 3.不不规则变化：化：原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst little less least many/much more most far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest最高级规则变化口诀最高级规则变化口诀：最高最高级，很容易，一般，很容易，一般词尾加尾加est。(chea

27、p-the cheapest)词尾若有尾若有哑音音e,直接就加直接就加st。(close-the closest)重重读闭音音节,单辅音字母要双写。音字母要双写。(big-the biggest)辅音字母加音字母加y,记得把得把y变为i。(friendly-the friendliest)多音多音节，考考你，考考你，the most到底加哪里？到底加哪里？(popular-the most popular)1.We are going to the Green Restaurant for lunch.(就划就划线部分提部分提问)_ you going for lunch?2.Sam is t

28、he shortest in his class.(改改为同同义句句)Sam is _ than _ _ student in his class.Sam is _ than _ _ students in his class.Sam is _ than_ _ in his class.3.How do you like Screen City?(改改为同同义句句)_ do you _ Screen City?Where areshorterany otherWhatthink ofshorterthe otheranyone elseshorter练习：改写句子练习：改写句子The Comp

29、arative Superlative Degrees of Adjectives&Adverbs总 结 形容词和副词形容词和副词比较级和最高级比较级和最高级late later-latestearly earlier earliestbigbigger-biggestfluently/difficultmore,most重重重重读闭读闭音音音音节节、末尾只有一个、末尾只有一个、末尾只有一个、末尾只有一个辅辅音字母双写加音字母双写加音字母双写加音字母双写加 er er 或或或或 est est单音音节词在在词尾比尾比较级加加-er或最高或最高级加加-est以以e结尾的尾的词，只需加，只需加r

30、或或st以以以以辅辅音字母加音字母加音字母加音字母加 y y 结结尾双音尾双音尾双音尾双音节节词变词变 y y 为为 i i 加加加加 er er 或或或或 est est部分双音部分双音部分双音部分双音节节和多音和多音和多音和多音节词节词在原在原在原在原级级前加前加前加前加 more more 或或或或 most most少数以少数以er,ow 结尾的双音尾的双音节词加加-er-esttalltaller-tallest clevercleverer-cleverestcheap,cold,small,warm,young,highfine,nice,safehappy,busy,dirty

31、,easy,lazy,prettyfat,hot,red,thin,wet,sad narrow,yellow quickly,slowly,useful,careful,popular,modern,形容形容形容形容词词和副和副和副和副词词比比比比较级较级和最高和最高和最高和最高级级构成构成构成构成 (规则变规则变化化化化)不不规则变化化 good/well better-best much/many more-most bad/badly/ill worse worst little less least far farther/further farthest furthest old

32、older/elder oldest/eldest形容形容词和副和副词比比较级的用法的用法 1.Who runs faster,he or she?2.He runs faster than she.3.He runs much faster than she.4.He becomes healthier and healthier.5.The more you exercise,the healthier you will be.6.She is less healthy than he.1.表示两者之表示两者之间的的选择,可用可用“Which/Who +比比较，or?”.2.2.表示两者之

33、表示两者之表示两者之表示两者之间间的比的比的比的比较较，通常用，通常用，通常用，通常用连词连词 than than 引引引引导导，表示表示表示表示“更更更更一些一些一些一些”3.much/far/a lot,even,still,a little/a bit 修修饰比比较级,表示程度表示程度.Who runs faster,he or she?He runs faster than she.He runs much faster than she.4.“比比较级+and+比比较级”表示表示“越来越越来越”5.“the+比比较级,the+比比较级”表示表示“越越,越越”6.表示不及另一方表示不及

34、另一方时，用，用“less+原原级+than”(双音双音节和多音和多音节词)He becomes healthier and healthier.The more you exercise,the healthier you will be.She is less healthy than he.He is healthier than she.Shanghai is becoming more and more modern.1.比比较级+and+比比较级 越来越越来越2.the+比比较级,the+比比较级 越越,越越 3._you are,_mistakes you will make.(

35、你越仔细，做错的题目就越少）4._you eat,_youll be.(你吃得越多,就越胖)5.Alice writes well.Mary writes _ than she.(甚至更好）The more carefulthe fewerThe morethe fatter1.The girl becomes _.(越来越漂亮）more and more beautiful2.The weather is getting _.(越来越槽糕）worse and worseeven/still better1.表示三者或三者以上比表示三者或三者以上比较,可用可用”Which/Who +最高最高级

36、,or?”表示表示.2.最高最高级+of/among(同同类比比较)in(范范围比比较)4.one of+形容形容词最高最高级+名名词复数表示复数表示“最最 之一之一”3.序数序数词修修饰最高最高级形容形容词和副和副词的最高的最高级的用法的用法Who is the tallest,Tom,Mike,or Jack?Tom is the tallest of the three.Mike is the second tallest student in our class.Jack is one of the tallest students in our class.Tom runs(the)

37、fastest in our class.3.Lin Tao is _ in the class because he never gets to school on time.（最（最懒的学生之一）的学生之一）4.Edison was_ in the world.(最最伟大的大的发明家之一）明家之一）one of the laziest studentsone of the greatest inventors1.The Yangtze River is_ river in the world.(第三第三长河）河）the third longest2.The Atlantic is _ oc

38、ean in the world.(第二大洋）第二大洋）the second biggestExercise:一、翻一、翻译句子：句子：二、同二、同义句句转换 1.Flat A is more expensive than Flat B Flat B is _ _ than Flat A.Flat B is _ _ Flat A.Flat B is not _ _ _ Flat A.2.I prefer maths to English.I like maths _ English.better than3.He is the tallest student in the class.He i

39、s _ in the class.taller than any other studentany other+名名词单数数lessexpensivecheaperthanasexpensiveas 1.Hainan is a very large Island.It is the second _ island in china.(large)2.Our teacher is as _ as before.(Our teacher is as _ as before.(busy).).3.He is _ among us.(3.He is _ among us.(careful)4.Li L

40、ei jumped far _ than Jim.(far)4.Li Lei jumped far _ than Jim.(far)5.The busier he is,the _ he feels.(5.The busier he is,the _ he feels.(happy)6.I think Yao Ming is one of _ basketball players in NBA.(hot)busythe most carefulfartherhappierlargestthe hottest三、完成句子三、完成句子Homework Practice with your classmates to speak and write large numbers.Write some number cars and put them in your room.Whenever you see,read them quickly.