Shakespeare莎士比亚文学作品介绍(英文).ppt

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1、William Shakespeare(1564-1616)154 sonnets十四行诗十四行诗2 long poems37 playsTragedies Comedies History plays Tragi-comediesShakespeares WorksHISTRAGEDIESnamongthemostpowerfulstudiesofhuman natureinallliteraturenappropriatelyasthegreatestachievementsofhisdramaticartistrynhis unforgettable tragic characters,

2、such as Romeo and Juliet,Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbethFour Great TragediesHamlet(1601)Hamlet(1601)哈姆雷特哈姆雷特哈姆雷特哈姆雷特Othello(1604)Othello(1604)奥赛罗奥赛罗奥赛罗奥赛罗King Lear(1605)King Lear(1605)李尔王李尔王李尔王李尔王Macbeth(1606)Macbeth(1606)麦克白麦克白HISCOMEDIESn nHiscomediescelebratehumansociallifeevenastheyexposehuma

3、nfolly（stupidstupid）.n nBymeansthataresometimeshumiliating（degradedegrade）,evenpainful,characterslearn greater wisdom and emerge with aclearerviewofreality.n nTragediesbeginhappilyandendinmisery.Comedies,ontheotherhand,begininmiseryandendhappily.Well-known ComediesnThe Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人威尼斯商人n

4、A Midsummer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之梦仲夏夜之梦nTwelfth Night 第十二夜第十二夜nAs You Like It 皆大欢喜皆大欢喜nAlls Well That Ends Well 终成眷属终成眷属nMuch Ado about Nothing 无事生非无事生非Historiesn n2HenryVIn n3HenryVIn n1HenryVIn nRichardIIIn nRichardIInKingJohnn1 Henry IV n2 Henry IVnHenryVnHenryVIIIHisHistoryPlaysn nHistoryplays（somet

5、imesknownaschronicle plays）-ahighlypopularformofdramainShakespearestime.ShakespearesPoetryPoetryn nVenusandAdonisVenusandAdonisn nTheRapeofTheRapeofLucreceLucrece n nSonnetsSonnetsn nALoversComplaintALoversComplaintn nThePassionatePilgrimThePassionatePilgrimn nThePhoenixandTheTurtleThePhoenixandTheT

6、urtlen nShakespearewrotein“EarlyModernEnglish.”n nEMEwasnotverydifferentfrom“ModernEnglish,”ShakespearesLanguagen nAmixofoldandverynewn nRuralandurbanwords/imagesn nUnderstandablebythelowestpeasantandthehighestnobleShakespearesLanguageThou=you(主格）主格）Thy=your（物主代词（物主代词）Thee=you（宾格）（宾格）Warming-upMatch

7、 the meaning with the quotation and the play.“Words,words,only words,no matter from the heart”Meaning:Empty words,not real thoughts or ideas from the heart.空话空话,空话空话,只是空话只是空话,没有一点发自内心没有一点发自内心.Romeo,Romeo,why are you Romeo?Deny your father,and refuse your name罗密欧罗密欧,罗密欧罗密欧,你为什么是罗密欧你为什么是罗密欧?否定你的父亲放弃否定

8、你的父亲放弃你的姓氏你的姓氏.Version In modern English“Neither a borrower nor a lender be”Meaning:It is best not to lend(money)to others and not to borrow from others.When we lend sth,we risk losing both the thing we lend and the friendship with the other person.别借债别借债,莫放债莫放债.Uneasy lies the head that wears a cro

9、wn.Meaning:A person who has great responsibility,such as a king,is constantly worried and therefore doesnt sleep soundly.头戴王冠头戴王冠,寝食不安寝食不安.“To be or not to be:that is the question”Meaning:That is a question whether to live on in this world or to die,that is,to take action or to do nothing.生存还是毁灭生存还是

10、毁灭,这是个问题这是个问题.William Shakespeare All the worlds a Stage(All the worlds a Stage(fromfrom As You Like It)As You Like It)n nAlltheworldsastage,Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers:Theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances;Andonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts,Hisactsbeingsevenages.n n全世界是个舞台，男男女女只是演员全世界是个舞台，男男女女只是演

11、员全世界是个舞台，男男女女只是演员全世界是个舞台，男男女女只是演员而已，他们都有其退场和登场，人生而已，他们都有其退场和登场，人生而已，他们都有其退场和登场，人生而已，他们都有其退场和登场，人生在世扮演着多种角色，它的表演有七在世扮演着多种角色，它的表演有七在世扮演着多种角色，它的表演有七在世扮演着多种角色，它的表演有七个时期。个时期。个时期。个时期。“Lifes but a walking shadow;a poor player,That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,And is heard of no more:it is a tal

12、e Told by an idiot,full of sound and fury,Signifying nothing.”-Macbeth Act V;s.5人生不过是一个行走的影子，一个在舞人生不过是一个行走的影子，一个在舞台上指手划脚的笨拙的怜人，登场片刻，台上指手划脚的笨拙的怜人，登场片刻，便在无声无息中悄然退去，这是一个愚便在无声无息中悄然退去，这是一个愚人所讲的故事，充满了喧哗和骚动，却人所讲的故事，充满了喧哗和骚动，却一无所指。一无所指。麦克白麦克白 Influencen nShakespearesworkhasmadealastingShakespearesworkhasmad

13、ealastingimpressiononlatertheatreandliterature.Hisimpressiononlatertheatreandliterature.HiswritingiswidelyregardedasoneofthethreewritingiswidelyregardedasoneofthethreemainsourcesoftheEnglishliterature,whilemainsourcesoftheEnglishliterature,whiletheothertwoareGreekandRomanmythstheothertwoareGreekandR

14、omanmythsandtheBible.andtheBible.n nInShakespearesday,EnglishgrammarandInShakespearesday,Englishgrammarandspellingwerelessspellingwerelessstandardisedstandardisedthantheyarethantheyarenow,andhisuseoflanguagehelpedshapenow,andhisuseoflanguagehelpedshapemodernEnglish.modernEnglish.BenJonsondedicated（d

15、evoteddevoted）apoeminpraiseofShakespearen n我的莎士比亚，起来吧。我不想把你我的莎士比亚，起来吧。我不想把你n n安置在乔叟、斯宾塞的身旁，或者叫波蒙特安置在乔叟、斯宾塞的身旁，或者叫波蒙特n n躺过去一点，给你让出些地方。躺过去一点，给你让出些地方。n n即使没有墓，你也是一块丰碑，即使没有墓，你也是一块丰碑，n n你仍然活着，只要你的书还在，你仍然活着，只要你的书还在，n n只要我们会读书，我们会说出赞词。只要我们会读书，我们会说出赞词。n n自豪吧，我的不列颠，你拿的出一个人，自豪吧，我的不列颠，你拿的出一个人，n n欧洲所有剧坛都向他致敬。欧洲

16、所有剧坛都向他致敬。n n他不只属于一个时代，而是属于永远。他不只属于一个时代，而是属于永远。The Cost of a Shown1 shilling to standn2 shillings to sit in the balconyn1 shilling was 10%of their weekly incomeActorsn nOnly men and boysOnly men and boysn nYoung boys whose voices had Young boys whose voices had not changed play womens not changed pl

17、ay womens rolesrolesn nWould have been considered Would have been considered indecent for a woman to indecent for a woman to appear on stageappear on stagen nCostumes were often the Costumes were often the companys most valuable assetcompanys most valuable assetn nCostumes were made by the Costumes

18、were made by the company,bought in London,or company,bought in London,or donated by courtiersdonated by courtiersThe Globe TheaterTheevidencesuggeststhatitwasathree-storey,open-airamphitheatreapproximately100feet(30m)indiameterthatcouldhouseupto3,000spectators.The Globe Theatre Shakespeares Most Suc

19、cessful Financial VentureCalled the“Wooden O”because of its eight sided shape.Stayed in business because of the favor of the royalty of the time-Soft you now!The fair Ophelia!Nymph,in thy(your)orisons Be all my sins rememberd.-Hamlet且慢！美丽的奥菲利娅！且慢！美丽的奥菲利娅！女神，女神，在你的祈祷之中，不要忘记替我忏悔在你的祈祷之中，不要忘记替我忏悔我的罪孽。我的

20、罪孽。Hamletn nThePrinceofDenmark,thetitlecharacter,andtheprotagonist.n nAboutthirtyyearsoldatthestartoftheplay,n nthesonofQueenGertrudeandthelateKingHamlet,n nthenephewofthepresentking,Claudius.Hamlets soliloquyFor such a figure as Hamlet,soliloquy is a natural medium,a necessary release of his anguis

21、h;and some of his questioning monologues possess surpassing power and insight,which have survived centuries of being torn from their context.How many soliloquies does Hamlet deliver?n nHamlethasHamlethassevenmajorsoliloquies:majorsoliloquies:n nOthatthistooOthatthistootootoosulliedfleshwouldmelt(1.2

22、.129-sulliedfleshwouldmelt(1.2.129-159)159)Oallyouhostofheaven!Oearth!whatelse?Oallyouhostofheaven!Oearth!whatelse?(1.5.92-111)(1.5.92-111)OwhatarogueandpeasantslaveamI!(2.2.549-OwhatarogueandpeasantslaveamI!(2.2.549-607)607)Tobe,ornottobe,thatisthequestion(3.1.56-89)Tobe,ornottobe,thatisthequestion

23、(3.1.56-89)TisTisnowtheverywitchingtimeofnight(3.3.380-nowtheverywitchingtimeofnight(3.3.380-392)392)NowmightIdoitpat,nowaisa-praying(3.3.73-NowmightIdoitpat,nowaisa-praying(3.3.73-96)96)Howalloccasionsdoinformagainstme(4.4.32-66)Howalloccasionsdoinformagainstme(4.4.32-66)n nTobe,ornottobe:thatisthe

24、question:Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:WhethertisnoblerinthemindtosufferWhethertisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortuneTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortuneOrtotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem?Todie,tosleep,Andbyopposingen

25、dthem?Todie,tosleep,Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendNomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheartache,andthethousandnaturalshocksTheheartache,andthethousandnaturalshocksThatfleshisheirto,tisaconsummationThatfleshisheirto,tisaconsummationDevoutlytobewishd.Todie,tosleep;Devoutlytobewishd.Todie,tosleep;Hamlets soli

26、loquy生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？死了；睡着了；什死了；睡着了；什么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不得的结局。正是我们求之不得的结局。To sleep:pe

27、rchance to dream:ay,theres the rub;For in that sleep of death what dreams may come,When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us pause:theres the respectThat makes calamity of so long life;For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,The oppressors wrong,the proud mans contumely,The pan

28、gs of despisd love,the laws delay,The insolence of office,and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes,When he himself might his quietus makeWith a bare bodkin?.睡着了也许还会做梦；嗯，阻碍就在这儿：因为当我们摆脱睡着了也许还会做梦；嗯，阻碍就在这儿：因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些什么梦，那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。人们甘心久困于患

29、难之什么梦，那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。人们甘心久困于患难之中，也就是为了这个缘故；谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、中，也就是为了这个缘故；谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，要是的迁延、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，要是他只要一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生。他只要一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生。n nWithabarebodkin?whowouldthesefardelsbear,Togruntandsweatunderaweary

30、life,Butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath,Theundiscoverdcountry,fromwhosebournNotravellerreturns,puzzlesthewill,AndmakesusratherbearthoseillswehaveThanflytoothersthatweknownotof?n谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后，下呻吟流汗，倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后，惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国，惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国

31、，是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们宁愿忍受目前是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？的磨折，不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？Thusconsciencedoesmakecowardsofusall;AndthusthenativehueofresolutionIssickliedoerwiththepalecastofthought;Andenterprisesofgreatpithandmoment,Withthisregard,theircurrentsturnawry,Andlosethenameofaction.这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，这样

32、，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色，伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，一层灰色，伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。Hamlets soliloquyMain Idea:This is an internal philosophical debate on the advantages and disadvantages of existence,and whether it is ones right to end his or her own life.It pr

33、esents a most logical and powerful examination of the theme of the moral legitimacy（lawfulnesslawfulness）of suicide in an unbearably painful world.To be,or not to be:that is the question:n nthe key sentencethe key sentencen ndilemma of trying to determine the dilemma of trying to determine the meani

34、ng of life and deathmeaning of life and death suffer the life passivelyto end ones sufferingsactively?To beTo live and not to take actionNot to beTo take action and dieWhich is nobler?n nT Tobe-toliveobe-toliven nsuffer the life suffer the life passivelypassivelyn nthewhipsandscornsthewhipsandscorns

35、oftimeoftimen ntheoppressorswrongtheoppressorswrongn npangsofdespisdlovepangsofdespisdloven nthelawsdelaythelawsdelayn ninsolenceofofficeinsolenceofofficen nNottobe-todieNottobe-todien nseek to end ones seek to end ones sufferings actively sufferings actively n nbring himself peace bring himself pea

36、ce with a knifewith a knife easy!easy!n nBut-UBut-Unknown dreams nknown dreams in tin thehe death-sleep death-sleepn nNobodycomesbackfromNobodycomesbackfromtheunknownlandtotelltheunknownlandtotellabouttheirafterlifeabouttheirafterlife“the dread of something after death”makes people submit to the suf

37、fering of their lives rather than go to another state of existence which might be even more miserable.Pains already knownHamletsthemeTreachery（betrayal）revengeincestmoral corruptionHamlets charactermelancholy,bitter,and cynical,full of hatred for his uncles scheming and disgust for his mothers sexua

38、lity.A reflective and thoughtful young man who has studied at the University of Wittenberg,often indecisive and hesitant,but at other times prone to rash and impulsive acts.Romeo and JulietRomeo and Julietn nThough a tragedy,there is no tinge(hint)of pessimism in the play.n nIt is a song of youth an

39、d true love.SettingofRomeoandJuliet The play is mainly set in the thirteenth or fourteenth century in Italy in Verona.n nMuchoftheactiontakesplaceinJulietshouse.MuchoftheactiontakesplaceinJulietshouse.n nTheCapuletsandtheMontagues,themainTheCapuletsandtheMontagues,themainfamiliesoftheplay,arefromnob

40、lelineagefamiliesoftheplay,arefromnoblelineage（家族）（家族）andwealth;theydresswell,liveinfancyandwealth;theydresswell,liveinfancysurroundings,andareservedbymanysurroundings,andareservedbymanyattendants.attendants.n nTheplaysbasicsetting,therefore,isrichandTheplaysbasicsetting,therefore,isrichandelegant.e

41、legant.QuotesfromRomeoandJulietn nWhatsinaname?ThatwhichwecallaroseByanyotherwordwouldsmellassweet.(2.2.45-6),Juliet(2.2.45-6),Julietn nORomeo,Romeo,whereforeartthouRomeo?(2.2.35),Juliet(2.2.35),Juliet n nGoodnight,goodnight.Partingissuchsweetsorrow,ThatIshallsaygoodnighttillitbemorrow.(2.2.197-8),J

42、ulietn nSeehowsheleanshercheekuponherhand!OthatIwereagloveuponthathand,ThatImighttouchthatcheek!(2.2.23-5),RomeoQuotesfromRomeoandJulietn nGivememyRomeo,and,whenheshalldie,Takehimandcuthimoutinlittlestars,AndhewillmakethefaceofheavensofineThatalltheworldwillbeinlovewithnight,Andpaynoworshiptothegari

43、sh(dazzling(dazzling)sun.(3.2.21-5),JulietQuotesfromRomeoandJulietn nShakespearesJulietisaheadstrongandintelligentcharacterinspiteofheryoungageShe is considered by many to be the true hero of the play,acting as a balance against the impulsive Romeo.The play takes place over a time span of four days.Within these few days,Juliet is thrust into adulthood quicklywhere she must deal with issues of life,love,passion,and even death.She experiences a timeline of emotions.