初中英语知识点总结初中英语语法例题解析.doc

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1、优质文本初中英语知识点总结,初中英语语法例题解析一、冠词: 冠词用在名词的前面，有定冠词“the与不定冠词“a；an之分。定冠词表示“确指，译作“这(那)个；不定冠词表示“泛指，译作“一个。例题解析:( ) _ lady over there is _ university teacher. A) A, theB) The, anC) The, aD) The, the “over there意为“那边的，是后置定语，它表示前面名词“lady女士是“确指的说法，因此要加上定冠词“the。后半句意为“一位大学教师，是泛指的说法，因此要加上不定冠词“a或“an。由于“university的读音起始

2、于辅音“j，因此要加定冠词“a。所以此题答案应该选“C。( ) He prefers playing _ piano to playing _ hockey. A) the, the B) the, /C) / , /D) / , the “piano意为“钢琴，属于乐器，要求前面加定冠词“the。后半句中“hockey意为“曲棍球，属于球类活动，要求不加任何冠词。所以此题答案应该选“B。( ) Mr. Black was made _ manager of our company. A) / B) a C) anD) the “manager表示被选的职位，前面不应加任何冠词。所以此题答案应

3、该选“A。 此外，冠词还有许多特殊的用法： 1. 由普通名词组成的专有名词前，要加定冠词，如：the Great Wall长城 2. 在拼音名词前，一般不加任何冠词，如：Thomas Green；Changfeng Park 3. 在江、河、湖、海前，即使是拼音名词，也要加定冠词“the，如：the Dongting Lake 4. 一般用“单数名词加a；复数名词不加the来表示“泛指的意思。习题训练：Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):( ) 1. There is _ “u in _ word “uniform. A) an

4、, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the( ) 2. _ sign here stands for _ mistake. A) A, aB) A, theC) The, aD) The, the( ) 3. We made Joyce _ monitor _ her experience. A) a, becauseB) the, becauseC) / , because ofD) the , because of( ) 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrote _ article on Shanghai International Art F

5、estival. A) theB) anC) aD) / ( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White _ teacher of your school? A: Yes. _ teacher is from Australia. A) a, AB) a, TheC) the, TheD) the, A( ) 6. Paul is _ European student. He likes to study _ history of China. A) a, theB) a, /C) an, theD) an, /( ) 7. This is _ honey. As we all know, _

6、honey is sweet. A) / , theB) / , /C) the, /D) the, the( ) 8. They didnt catch the last train because of _. A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic C) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic( ) 9. It wont take long, its only _ walk.A) ten-minutes B) ten minutes C) ten minutes D) ten-minutes二、名词: 名词表示人或物

7、体的名称，有普通名词(park)、专有名词(Peter；Party)、集合名词(family, class, police)、缩写名词(SARS, CEO, WTO)等。总体上说，它们可以分成两大类；即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不同要求和变化。例题解析:( ) His grandfather is _. A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green 英语中，人的姓名排列是倒过来的；先是名，即“first name，后为姓，即“second name，也可叫做“family name或“surname。做这类题目，必

8、须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字，哪个单词是表示姓氏，名字还要分清男女性别。这道题中说的是“爷爷，是男名，所以此题答案应该选“B。( ) _ are playing tennis in the playground. A) The Browns B) The Browns C) Browns D) Browns 英语中，姓氏前加定冠词“the，后面加“s，有“一家人之意。所以此题答案应该选“A。( ) Be careful. There is a _ hole in the ground. A) two-foot-deepB) two-feet-deepC) two-foot deepD) two

9、-feet deep 这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式，在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“来连接。由于它被看作为一个普通的形容词，因此，在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中，“一个两英尺深的洞应译为“a two-foot-deep hole，所以此题答案应该选“A。( ) Hes got bad toothache. Hed better go to _. A) dentistB) the dentistC) the dentistsD) see the dentists “去看牙科医生可译为“go to see the dentist或“go to the d

10、entists。后一个词语中的“the dentists表示“the dentists clinic。所以此题答案应该选“C。( ) The _ teachers wondered if the _ students were in trouble. A) woman, boyB) woman, boysC) women, boyD) women, boys 英语中，“女教师们应该译为“women teachers，而“男学生们 应该译为“boy students。 所以此题答案应该选“C。( ) _ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Min

11、g got the most scores. A) A newsB) MessageC) WordD) Words “据说在英语中有多种说法：“It was said that、“Word came that、“News came that、“A message came that等。所以此题答案应该选“C。( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caught _. A) his eyeB) his eyesC) his own eyesD) eyes of his own“catch ones eye是固定词组，意为“引起某人注意；即“be

12、noticed by sb.。此句中，“eye是“视线之意，由“eyesight演变而来。随着语言的开展，一些词语会产生演变，大致上都是朝“简单化方向开展，如：“countryside“country、“mankind“man、 “campsite“camp、“in the daytime“in the day等。所以此题答案应该选“A。( ) The lady with long _ found her husband had already got three gray _. A) hair, hairB) hair, hairsC) hairs, hairD) hairs, hair 要

13、掌握英语中哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质，要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的“hair头发就是这类词。前半句说的是“一头长发，是不可数名词；后半句说的是“三根白发，是可数名词。所以此题答案应该选“B。习题训练：Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):( ) 1. He has got _ to tell you. A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news( ) 2. Its seven oclock. _ are sitting

14、 at table. A) Mr. Greens B) The Greens C) The Greens D) Greens( ) 3. Your brother is the same _ mine. A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like( ) 4. Our bodies need food to give us _. A) health B) strong C) energyD) taste( ) 5. A lemon is the same _ as a banana. A) yellow B) colour C) freshD) swe

15、et( ) 6. What kind of _ do you like best? A) watermelon B) the watermelon C) a watermelon D) watermelons( ) 7. Look at this magazine. Lets do the _ about eating habits. A) quiz B) list C) cooking D) dinner三、代词: 代词是名词的代用词，有指示代词(this, those)、人称代词主宾格(I, me)、形容词性物主代词(my)、名词性物主代词(mine)、反身代词(myself)、不定代词(

16、either, others, anything, nobody)。其中，不定代词的变化最复杂。在不同的句子中，它们的变化和要求都不一样，这一点我们一定要有充分的认识，不能掉以轻心。例题解析:( ) Would you please give _? A) him itB) it himC) to him itD) it to him 英语中，当直接宾语人与间接宾语物都用人称代词时，一定要先讲间接宾语物后讲直接宾语人，而且要在直接宾语人前加上介词“to。 所以此题答案应该选“D。( ) She always thinks of _ more than _. A) others, herB) th

17、e others, sheC) others, herselfD) the others, herself 在英语中，“别人属于“泛指，应译为“others。后半句是介词“of的宾语。由于这里的“她与主语的“她是属于同一个人，因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语，要用反身代词作宾语才对。所以此题答案应该选“C。( ) Some people like watching the sports news, _ prefer TV series. A) the othersB) the otherC) othersD) another 在英语中，“一些，另一些有两种译法：“Some , the others

18、 是属于“非此即彼的两局部情况，而“Some , others 是指有第三局部的情况存在。此题意为“一局部人喜欢看体育消息，而另一局部人比较欣赏电视剧，显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内容，所以此题答案应该选“C。( ) The light in the room was too poor for _ to see it clearly. A) everyoneB) someoneC) anyoneD) none 英语中，“too to意为“太而不能，具有否认的含义。因此，“for sb.中应该选运用在否认句中的“anyone才对。所以此题答案应该选“C。( ) _ the fuel here is

19、from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it. A) SomeB) MuchC) The most ofD) Most of 带有定冠词“the的名词前，应该用代词词组：“some of意为“其中一些、“much of意为“其中许多、“most of意为“其中大多数等。“the mose of意为“其中最多的在本句中的译法欠妥，所以此题答案应该选“D。( ) Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday? Im afraid _ day is possible A) eitherB

20、) eachC) bothD) neither 在英语中，有“两者和“三者以上的不同词语说法：“both意为“两者都、“all意为“三者以上都、“neither意为“两者都不、“none或“no one意为“三者以上都不、“either意为“两者之一、“one意为“三者以上之一、“between意为“两者之间、“among意为“三者以上之间。根据此题句意，答句应该是说“我恐怕没有一天能行， 所以此题答案应该选“D。( ) There are three bathrooms in the house. One is upstairs, _ two are downstairs. A) other

21、B) the otherC) othersD) the others 在英语中，“另两个的译法有多种：“the other two、“the others、“the rest。由于本句中讲到三间浴室，“另两间的说法应该是“确指的，因此，必须有定冠词“the。又由于后句已经写了“two，因此这里要选作形容词用的“other。 所以此题答案应该选“B。( ) The dishes on Table One are much fewer than _ on Table Two. A) thatB) thoseC) dishesD) / 要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性：这句是“the dishes

22、on Table One一桌上的菜和“the dishes on Table Two二桌上的菜作比较，因此后半句中的“菜字不能省略。“that与“those是比较级句中的专用代词。由于该句中所比较的对象是复数，因此，要用“those来代替前面的名词。所以此题答案应该选“B。( ) There are more people in this room than _ in that one. A) thatB) thoseC) peopleD) / 要注意在“There is 或“There are 的比较级句型中，习惯上不用上题所讲到的专用代词。所以此题答案应该选“D。习题训练：Choose t

23、he best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):( ) 1. Show your watch _ me. _ is slow. A) to, Mine B) to, MyC) for, Mine D) for, My( ) 2. _ do you like _, the summer holidays or the winter holidays? A) What, better B) What, bestC) Which, better D) Which, best( ) 3. She wrote a letter and enclosed a phot

24、o of _ taken in her housing estate. A) herselfB) herC) hersD) myself( ) 4. She told Jack, Tom and me to _ among _. A) talk it over, usB) talk over it, us C) talk it over, ourselvesD) talk over it, ourselves( ) 5. Ill do it by myself. I wont need _ help. A) anyones elseB) anyone elsesC) anyone others

25、D) other anyones( ) 6. I heard _ until my friend told me about it. A) everythingB) somethingC) nothingD) anything( ) 7. Would you like _ more bread, Jack? A) anyB) anotherC) littleD) a little( ) 8. Only one student got the right answer. But _ didnt. A) the otherB) anotherC) othersD) the rest( ) 9. H

26、e doesnt think _ of them will go there with you. A) none B) some C) many D) much( )10. The film is dull and _ people like it. A) a few B) few C) a little D) little( )11. Have you all _? A) got ready everything B) got everything ready for C) got everything ready D) got ready for everything( )12. Help

27、 _ to some sweets, everyone. A) yourselves B) your own C) yourself D) by yourself( )13. He has six uncles. Five of them are doctors and _ is a driver. A) another B) the sixth C) other D) the other( )14. Believe or not, I did it all by _. A) me B) us C) myself D) ourselves( )15. A: Are these two book

28、s yours ? B: No, _ of them is mine. A) either B) none C) both D) neither( )16. Neither of the twins _ the toy train.A) like B) likes C) is like D) are like四、数词: 数词有基数词和序数词之分：基数词表示数量概念；序数词表示顺序概念。首先要注意一些数词在写法上的变化，如：forty；ninth；twentieth更要注意它们在句子中的不同用法和变化。例题解析:( ) About _ students went to the picture s

29、how that day. A) hundreds of B) two hundreds C) two hundred ofD) two hundred “about意为“大约，是指具体数量，因此，不能用表示不定数量的词语“hundreds of意为“成百个。在表示确定数量时，英语中的“hundred不加“s，即不变复数。再由于“students前没有定冠词“the，不是“其中之意，因此，也不能加介词“of。 所以此题答案应该选“D。( ) _ of _ Class Four students have joined the singing group. A) Three-fifths, th

30、e B) Three-fifth, theC) Three-fifths, / D) Three-fifth, / 英语中，“几分之几的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词，中间用短横“连接。当分子大于“一时，分母序数词要加“s。再由于此题句中数量用的是“of词组，即意为“其中的五分之三，因此后面的名词“students必定是“确指的，要加定冠词“the。 所以此题答案应该选“A。在这里要特别注意的是：不要看到“students前有修饰词“Class Four就不敢加定冠词“the，要懂得这里的“the是修饰“students的。同样，“the English language词语的表达形式也

31、类似于此种情况。习题训练:Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):( ) 1.John has twelve coins and Joan has _ ones, three times as many as John. A) thirteenB) fifteenC) thirty-sixD) forty-eight( ) 2.The post code used in our neighbourhood is _. A) 56348574B) 200333C) a quarterD) a dozen( ) 3.Today is h

32、er brothers birthday. _ is on _. A) She, fifth of May B) She, May fifthC) Hers, May fifthD) Hers, May the fifth( ) 4. _ of the students go to school by bike. A) Two-three B) Two-thirds C) Two-threes D) Two-third( ) 5.There are about _ seats in the hall. A) two hundreds B) two hundred C) hundreds of

33、D) two hundred of( ) 6. A: How often should we publish the paper? B: _. A) In one weeks time B) Once a month C) After two weeksD) For half a month( ) 7. About _ the students went to the Science Museum last Thursday. A) hundreds of B) two hundred C) two hundred of D) two hundreds 五、介词: 介词是一种虚词，它不能单独使

34、用，后面要跟名词、人称代词宾格或动名词。同一个动词，搭配不同的介词，可以衍变出各种不同含义的词组来，而且在不同场合所用介词也各不相同。因此，介词的用法是比较复杂的，要求我们去逐个记住。只有在看懂、理解整个句意的前提下，才能选对正确的介词。例题解析:( ) Mr. Brown flew to Washington _ the night before last.A) inB) onC) atD) / 在表达某一天的具体时间时，应该用介词“on。但是本句是表达“在前天的夜里，与“在前天(the day before yesterday相仿，前面不该用任何介词，所以此题答案应该选“D。( ) The

35、 school gate is _ the north of the classroom building. A) in B) to C) onD) at 在英语中，表达“东、南、西、北的方位介词常见有三个：表示在方位区域的内部时，用介词“in。如：The playground is in the south of the school.操场在学校的南面。表示在与方位区域连壤的外部时，应该用介词“on。如：Room 203 is on the west of Room 205.203室在205室的西面。表示在与方位区域不连壤的外部时，应该用介词“to。如：Shanghai is to the

36、east of Nanjing.上海在南京的东面。此题的“校门在“教学大楼的北面，应该用介词“to，所以答案应该选“B。( ) Youll get one thousand dollars _. A) after allB) at allC) in all D) all together “after all意为“到底、“毕竟、“终于；“at all通常与“not连用，意为“完全不、“一点也不；“in all通常用于数量词后面，意为“总共，同义词是“altogether。所以此题答案应该选“C。( ) This bus can run _ 70 miles an hour. A) forB)

37、withC) atD) in 在表示“速度、“温度、“价格意思时，应该用介词“at。所以此题答案应该选“C。( ) Its said he stayed there quietly _ two oclock that afternoon.A) onB) atC) untilD) by “at two oclock that afternoon意为“在昨天下午两点钟，时态通常用“过去进行时；“by two oclock that afternoon意为“在昨天下午两点钟前， 时态通常用“过去完成时；“until two oclock that afternoon意为“直到昨天下午两点钟， 时态通

38、常用“一般过去时。本句中“stay是延续动词，因此可用“until句型；如果句中谓语是瞬间动词的话，就应该用“not until句型了。所以此题答案应该选“C。( ) Tom didnt attend the lecture yesterday evening _ his illness. A) asB) forC) because D)because of 在本句中，“因为生病是一个词语，而不是原因状语从句，因此，不能选连词“as、“for或“because来连接，而要用介词词组“because of。所以此题答案应该选“D。( ) Now its quite important _ us

39、to make full use of time. A) forB) toC) ofD) with “Its important to sb. 意为“它对某人来说很重要是词语搭配，“Its for sb. to do 意为“做某事对某人来说是怎样的是句型。当两者交叉、重叠使用时，词语要让位于句型。所以此题答案应该选“A。同样，“I like it so much that 句型中用“so、而不用“very，也属于这种类型的表达方式。( ) Its nice _ you to get the ticket _ F1. Its said the car-race is very exciting.

40、 A) of, forB) for, forC) of, ofD) for, of 这句是“Its of sb. to do句型，意为“某人真是怎么样，做了某事。后半句中“ticket for是固定词语，意为“什么内容的票子。 所以此题答案应该选“A。习题训练:Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):( ) 1. You can draw it _ paints and brushes. A) by B) with C) in D) use( ) 2. What did you have _ breakfast? A) as B)

41、with C) aboutD) for( ) 3. The police _ helping to make our city a safe place to live and work _. A) is, in B) are, in C) is, / D) are, /( ) 4. Ive got three question _ you to think about. A) of B) for C) give D) to show( ) 5. We can ask people _ the Festival to do the quiz. A) in B) on C) at D) for(

42、 ) 6. What happens when we put some sugar _ a glass of warm water? A) on B) off C) out D) into( ) 7. _ they arrived at the village after all. A) At the endB) In the endC) LastD) Attentively( ) 8. The class teacher was sent _ Christmas cards _ some of the students. A) to, byB) / , byC) to, fromD) / , to( ) 9. Q: What is that film _? A: Its a science film.