湘雅儿科精品课件-Growth-and-Development教学提纲.ppt

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1、湘雅儿科精品课件-Growth-and-DevelopmentRegular Rule of Regular Rule of Growth&Development Growth&Development a continuous processa continuous process unbalanced growth of each unbalanced growth of each system system rules in rules in general general difference among individuals difference among individuals

2、upper to lowerupper to lower proximal to distal proximal to distal rough to fine rough to fine inferior to superior inferior to superior simple to complication simple to complicationAffecting Factors of Affecting Factors of Physical Growth Physical Growth 遗传因素 genetic factors 环境因素 environmental fact

3、ors 营养 nutrition 疾病 disease 孕母情况 pregnancy 生活环境 living environment 体重体重 Body Weight(BW)Criterion Criterion of of growth growth&nutrition nutrition conditioncondition differ in speed of BW increasediffer in speed of BW increase the younger,the faster the younger,the faster first peak:newborn-1 year f

4、irst peak:newborn-1 year second peak:adolescence second peak:adolescence at birth at birth boy boy（3.30.43.30.4）kgkg girl girl（3.20.43.20.4）kgkg-1 mon-1 mon increased 1 increased 1-1.5 kg-1.5 kg -3 mons-3 mons-3 mons-3 mons increased to 6 kg increased to 6 kg -1 year -1 year -1 year -1 year increase

5、d to 9 kgincreased to 9 kg BW(kg)BW(kg)(age of mons+9)/2(age of mons+9)/2-2 years-2 years-2 years-2 years increased to 12 kg increased to 12 kg 2-6 years 2-6 years 2-6 years 2-6 years BW(kg)BW(kg)age of yrs2age of yrs28 8 7-12 years7-12 years BW(kg)BW(kg)(age of yrs7-5)/2(age of yrs7-5)/2 身高（长）身高（长）

6、Body Height(BH)Criterion of bone growthCriterion of bone growthThe same regular rules as BWThe same regular rules as BWat birthat birth BH 50cm BH 50cm1year 1year BH 75cm BH 75cm 2years2years BH 85cm BH 85cm 2-12years2-12years BH(cm)BH(cm)age of yrs6age of yrs67777上部量上部量 upper part upper part 从头顶至耻骨

7、联合上缘从头顶至耻骨联合上缘下部量下部量 lower part lower part 从耻骨联合上缘至足底从耻骨联合上缘至足底 3yrs(crown-rump length)3yrs(crown-rump length)Criterion of skull&spine growthCriterion of skull&spine growth SH/BH at birth 0.67 SH/BH at birth 0.67 14 years 0.53 14 years 0.53 下肢增长速度随年龄增长而加快下肢增长速度随年龄增长而加快坐高坐高 Sitting Height(SH)指距指距 fin

8、ger distance finger distanceCriterion of long bone growth of upper limbNormal value:finger distance is scarcely less than BH头围头围 Head Circumference(HC)Criterion of skull&brain growthCriterion of skull&brain growth at birth 33-34 cm at birth 33-34 cm 1 year 46 cm 1 year 46 cm 2 years 48 cm 2 years 48

9、 cm 5 years 50 cm 5 years 50 cm 15 years 54-58 cm 15 years 54-58 cm胸围胸围 Chest Circumference(CC)Criterion of thorax&lungs growthCriterion of thorax&lungs growth at birth CC 32cm at birth CC 32cm 1 year =HC 1 year =HC 1 year CC1 year CCHCHC上臂围上臂围 Upper Arm Circumference Criterion Criterion of of muscl

10、e,muscle,bone,bone,fat,fat,&skin growth in upper armskin growth in upper arm Criterion of nutrition condition Criterion of nutrition condition 1yr1yr gain rapidly gain rapidly 1-5yrs1-5yrs gain slowly gain slowly 5yrs5yrs 13.5cm best nutrition 13.5cm best nutrition 12.5-13.5cm better nutrition 12.5-

11、13.5cm better nutrition 12.5cm malnutrition12.5cm malnutrition 骨骼发育头颅骨发育头颅骨发育Growth of SkullGrowth of Skull颅骨缝 cranial suture closed in 3-4 monsclosed in 3-4 mons after birth after birth前囟 anterior fontanelle closed in 1-1.5 yrsclosed in 1-1.5 yrs后囟 posterior fontanelle closed in 6-8 weeks closed in

12、 6-8 weeks after birth after birth脊柱的发育脊柱的发育 Growth of Spine Growth of Spine to reflex growth of vertebraeto reflex growth of vertebrae 3 physiologic arcuations 3 physiologic arcuations 3 mons raising head 3 mons raising head 颈椎前凸颈椎前凸 6 mons sitting 6 mons sitting 胸椎后凸胸椎后凸 1 year walking 1 year walk

13、ing 腰椎前凸腰椎前凸骨骼发育长骨的发育长骨的发育 Growth of Long LoneGrowth of Long Lone1-9yrs1-9yrs ossific center ossific centerage(yrs)+1age(yrs)+1骨龄：骨化中心与标准图谱比较，相当于某一年龄标准图谱时，该年龄即为骨龄。骨骼发育牙齿的发育牙齿的发育 Growth of Teeth Growth of Teeth 6yrs eruption 6yrs eruption 20-30yrs completion 20-30yrs completion 7-8yrs exchange 7-8yrs

14、 exchange骨骼发育乳牙乳牙 primary teeth 20 4-10mons eruption4-10mons eruption completion by 2.5yrs completion by 2.5yrs 2yrs number 2yrs numberage(mons)age(mons)（4646）恒牙恒牙 permanent teeth 32体格生长的评价体格生长的评价 evaluation 发育水平发育水平 developmental level 生长速度生长速度 growth speed 匀称程度匀称程度 equable degree神经反射的发育神经反射的发育 Ner

15、ve Reflexes Nerve Reflexesexisting by birth,persisting for a lifeexisting by birth,persisting for a life 角膜反射角膜反射 corneal reflex 结膜反射结膜反射 conjunctival reflex 瞳孔反射瞳孔反射 pupillary reflex 咽反射咽反射 pharyngeal reflex 吞咽反射吞咽反射 deglutition reflexnot existing by birth but appearing not existing by birth but ap

16、pearing gradually after 4-6 monsgradually after 4-6 mons 腹壁反射腹壁反射 abdominal reflex 提睾反射提睾反射 cremasteric reflex 腱反射腱反射 tendon jerk神经反射的发育神经反射的发育 Nerve Reflexes Nerve Reflexesnot existing by birth but appearing not existing by birth but appearing gradually after 4-6 monsgradually after 4-6 mons 腹壁反射腹壁

17、反射 abdominal reflex 提睾反射提睾反射 cremasteric reflex 腱反射腱反射 tendon jerk神经反射的发育神经反射的发育 Nerve Reflexes Nerve Reflexes一哭二笑三咿呀一哭二笑三咿呀 四月哈哈望妈妈四月哈哈望妈妈五抓六坐握足玩五抓六坐握足玩 七翻八爬九叫爸七翻八爬九叫爸十站对指十二走十站对指十二走 看图说话在十八看图说话在十八两岁能用勺吃饭两岁能用勺吃饭 喜怒分明命令发喜怒分明命令发三岁学穿鞋和袜三岁学穿鞋和袜 长成大娃别娇他长成大娃别娇他生长发育歌谣Ballad for Growth&DevelopmentThank You此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢