高考英语语法填空专题情态动词讲义.docx

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1、Ms Sure 精品讲义新高考 语法填空专题情态动词 考点一 情态动词基本用法 真题体验1. -Cant you stay a little longer? -I getting late. I really go now. My daughter is home alone.2. You be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.3. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food.4. Life is unpredictable; even t

2、he poorest become the richest.5. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.知识点拨一，(1)表示现在的能力(2)表示将来的能力：will be able to(3)表示过去的能力二，表示推测(可能性)可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。(1)客观的可能性并不表示具体某事是否会发生，而用来说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的(或理论的)可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时， can一般不用于

3、肯定句。Accidents can happen on such rainy days.在这样的多雨天气里可能会发生事故。(表示客观的可能性)We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet.今晚我们可能去看电影，但还没确定。(表示实际可能性，不用can)(2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次(由强及弱)比较：词形肯定式否定式疑问式must 必定，必然/should按说应该应该不会/ought to按说应该应该不会/can/不可能有可能吗？could微弱的可能不可能语气比can弱may或许，也许，也说

4、不定可能不/might比may还弱比may not还弱/在肯定句中表示推测(must/have to, should/ought to, may, might, could)a当说话者表达怀疑或犹豫之意时，需用may, might或 could, 其中might, could比may所表达的怀疑或犹豫之意更强。That may be our taxi now!现在那辆可能就是我们的出租车了！That could/might be our taxi (but I doubt it)那辆有可能是我们的出租车(但我有所怀疑)。b当说话者表达毫无疑问的结论时，需用must和have to (较通俗)，

5、意为“一定，肯定”；should和ought to所表达的程度不如must强，但比may, might和could强，should/ought to表示推测出合乎理想的情况或结果，意为“按说应该”。He must/has to be the wanted man: Hes exactly like the one in this picture. 他一定是被通缉的那个男子：他和这张照片上的人一模一样。He ought to/should be here on time he started early enough.他应该按时到这里他出发得够早的。在否定句中表示推测(may not, migh

6、t not, shouldnt, cant, couldnt)否定语气较弱时，常用should not (应该不会)，或用may not, might not (可能不，也许不)；否定语气较强时，则用cant或couldnt (不可能)。Dont worry. Your father may not have been hurt seriously.别担心，你父亲也许伤得不厉害。There shouldnt be any difficulty in getting you a visa.给你弄个签证应该不会有什么困难。在疑问句中表示推测(can, could)can, could在疑问句中，常

7、表示困惑、不相信等。Theres someone outside who can it be?外面有人会是谁呢？What can they be doing?他们可能在干些什么呢？Could he be serious?他是当真的吗？Where can she have put it?她能把它放在哪儿呢？三，表示必要性、义务、责任(1)表示必要性You neednt have worked that late last night. It was harmful to your health.你昨晚本来不必工作到那么晚的。那对你的健康有害。Must I give up smoking?Yes,

8、 you must. /No, you neednt.我必须戒烟吗？是的，你必须。/不，你不必。(2)表示义务、责任should意为“(义务上)应该”，在语气上比must (必须)弱。“should动词原形”表示现在或将来应该；“shouldhave过去分词”表示过去本该。I should go and visit him this afternoon, but I wonder if I will be free.今天下午我应该去看望他，但我不知道我是否有空。(表示将来应该)You should have come to the conference yesterday. What was

9、the reason for your absence?你昨天本应该参加那个会议。你缺席的原因是什么？(表示过去本该)四，表示请求、建议、命令、允许、禁止(1)表示请求、建议表示请求许可或提出建议时用：May I sit down？我可以坐下吗？No, you mustnt.不，你不可以。Shall the driver wait outside?司机在外边等着可以吗？Would you do me a favor?请帮我一下，好吗？名师指津请求对方许可时，could表示委婉的语气，回答时要用can。Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?Yes, you

10、 can.(否定：No, Im afraid not.)明天早晨我用一下你的自行车，行吗？行，你用吧。(否定：不，恐怕不行。)主动提出帮忙时用：Shall I/we .?Whats your name?Aaron. Shall I spell it for you?你叫什么？Aaron。我为你拼出来好吗？(2)表示命令、允许、禁止must (必须), mustnt (禁止)可以表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈；should/ought to(应该), shouldnt/oughtnt to (不应该)也可表示说话者的命令、指令，但暗含对对方是否听从并无把握；may/might, can 表

11、示允许。The children must be back by 4 oclock.孩子们必须在4点钟以前回来。You mustnt leave the gate open.你不要让大门敞开着。You ought to/should apologize.你应该道歉(虽然我不知道你是否会这样做)。You oughtnt to/shouldnt neglect the garden.你不应该疏于照管花园。You may/can/might come if you wish.你想来就来吧。Passengers may/can/might cross by the footbridge.乘客可通过步行

12、桥穿过去。五，表示意愿、意志、决心、允诺(1)shall与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示说话者的意志，用来表达说话者给对方以命令、指示或允诺。此外，当宣布法律、规定时，也用shall来表达。It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.已宣布，在所有试卷收上来之前，应试者必须留在自己的座位上。(规则或规定)(2)will, would与各种人称连用，用于陈述句，表示主语的意愿、意志或决心。You can stay here

13、 as long as you can, if you will.如果你愿意，你想在这里待多长时间就待多长时间。(表示主语的意愿)Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Dont you forget it!OK, I wont.戈登先生让我提醒你今天下午有会议。你可别忘了！好的，我不会忘的。(表示决心)六，表示习惯和倾向will (wont)可用来叙述真理，还可叙述目前的习惯，would (wouldnt)可以用来叙述过去的习惯。Engines wont run without lubricant.没有

14、润滑剂发动机就不能运转。She will listen to records alone in her room for hours.她独自一人在屋里听唱片，常常一听就是几个小时。He would spend hours in the bathroom or on the telephone.他以前一进洗澡间或是一打电话，往往就是几个小时。名师指津would和used to都可表示过去的习惯，但前者表示过去反复的动作，常与every day, often, frequently等连用；后者表示过去的状态或过去的习惯，但现在已不存在。When he was abroad, he would re

15、ad as many books as possible.在国外时，他总是尽可能多读书。She doesnt get up so early as she used to.她不像以前那样起得那么早了。七，need和dare的用法作实义动词有人称和数的变化后接to do用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句构成否定句、疑问句时要用助动词作情态动词无人称和数的变化后接动词原形多用于否定句与疑问句构成否定句、疑问句时不用助动词He neednt do it.(情态动词)He doesnt need to do it.(实义动词)他不必做这件事。I didnt know whether he dared say

16、that to him.(情态动词，有时态变化)我不知道他是否敢对他说那些。名师指津(1)dare作情态动词时，还可用于条件状语从句中，过去式为dared；(2)作实义动词时，dare用于疑问句或否定句，后面的to也可省略；(3)I dare say是习惯说法，意为“我想，大概”；(4)need作实义动词时，还可表示“需要”，后接动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式表示被动含义。He didnt dare (to) do it.(实义动词)He dared not do it.(情态动词)他不敢那么做。即时演练1. -Can I pay the bill by check? -Sorry, si

17、r. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment be made in cash.2. The giant panda looks very mild. But it be very fierce when you annoy it.3. The players of Guangzhou Evergrande Football Club have been doing very well recently, so they win the final match.4. The fire was so big that it

18、was several hours before firefighters get it under control.5. -Kate where is Jim these days? -He asked for a sick leave the other day. He stay in hospital.6. -Can I have something to eat. Mum? I feel hungry. -You be hungry. Youve just had some bread and ham. 考点二 情态动词+have done 真题体验1. George cant (go

19、) too far. His coffee is still warm.2. Why dont you tell me about your trouble last week? If you (tell) me, I could have helped.3. -Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. -Oh, its too bad. You have made full preparations.4. I have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates her

20、e are very friendly to me.知识点拨一，对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测must have done sth.“(过去)一定做了某事”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句may (might) have done sth.“(过去)可能/也许做了某事”；语气不确定；用于肯定句和否定句can (could) have done sth.“本能够做某事”；用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定Looking at the large empty apartment, I began aware of how lonely my mother must have been

21、 in Brazil herself.看着这个又大又空的公寓，我开始理解妈妈独自一人在巴西一定也很孤单。The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure.那个男孩也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定。I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She couldnt have spoken at the meeting.我今天上午在会议室时没看见她，她不可能在会议上讲话。二，表示“与过去事实相反”could have done sth.过去本可以做某事但实际上没做neednt

22、 have done sth.过去本不必做某事但实际上做了ought to/should have done sth.过去本应该做某事但实际上没做oughtnt to/shouldnt have done sth.过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了might have done sth.过去可能做某事但实际上没做He could have gone on regretting it, as too many of us do.他本可以继续为此而遗憾，正如我们中很多人一样。I neednt have taken the umbrella, for the weather is fine.天气这么好，

23、我本没必要带雨伞的。You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。You might have given him more help, though you were busy.你本可以给他更多帮助，虽然你当时很忙。即时演练1. It was a fine day yesterday. I have taken my raincoat with me.2. -You talk so much about London. You have been there. -Yeah, I went sightseei

24、ng on a tour last summer.3. -Mike failed the English again. -What else did you expect? Dont you think he have spent more time in studying English?4. You have taken so much cash with you because the shops accepted checks.5. She have attended that meeting, for she was doing paperwork in the office then.8今朝尘尽光生 照破山河万朵学科网（北京）股份有限公司