新概念英语语法：句子成分结构图.docx

《新概念英语语法：句子成分结构图.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新概念英语语法：句子成分结构图.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、一.英语句子一般成分新概念英语语法：句子成分结构图（定语） 主语+(状语) 谓语+ 二.主要成分可能出现考点表语（定语）宾语特别特别注意从句不能倒装What made us so surprised was his unexpected words at the meeting. (从句一般当单数）特殊疑问词引导主语从句Why he was late for the meeting remains to be seen.（从句缺成分）How and when we will finish the task is being discussed now.主语从句that引导主语从句That ou

2、r team had won the game caused so mush excitement among us.(主语从句中引导词that不能省（从句不缺成分）表据说等 It is widely accepted that parents should set an example to the kids.略)it形式主语(可转为）As is accepted widely, parents should set an example for the kids.It is high time that we started the unfinished work at once （特别注

3、意时态）(注意此句型和下面两个句子时态变化不一样）主语虚拟语气It is demanded that we (should) start the unfinished work at once.（此结构中表语可能是表命令、祈使、要求、建议的过去分词或部分形容词）It is necessary/important/essential that we (should) do it soon.It is +adj.+for/of sb to do sth. 结构（注意for和of的选择问题）it形式主语It cost me almost 20 hours to finish the document

4、 you are reading now.(注意表“花费”的考察） It is of no use/good/need paying him for the information. He lies a lot.Not only the teacher but also the students have been to Beijing for a visit.就进Neither the students nor the teacher is inside. They all have left.就进/就远原则There is an officer and 20 citizens discus

5、sing the policy together. 以下就远20 citizens, together with/except/but/besidesan officer are discussing the policy. The United Nations, as well as that poor country, is concerned about the situation.(完成句子The fact that Bin Latin had hidden himself in the city center for years safely surprised the world.

6、(注意过去完成时一般有参考的过去时态，并表示过去的过去,而不是连续发生的先后动作）He had hardly/scarcely run out of the house when the water was upon him.No sooner had she stood than another wave swept her down.(注意这个固定句型考连词，倒装时态）特别注意上 The old building is being torn down and a new one will be built where it stands.下文时态） It is the first that

7、 an disabled man has won so much attention worldwide. (表第几次做什么事用完成时）Until next 5th, the train will have been running for 1000 days without accidents. 时态/语态 When and where to build the factory has not been decided yet.-Hey, you hit my head.Im terribly sorry. I was not noticing.According to the art de

8、aler, the painting is expected to(预计） go for at least a million dollars. (expect) Further measures are being taken（正采取进一步的措施） to prevent the water pollution there.(measure)现在是表将来（注意在条件、时间和让步状语从句中一般现在是表将来时）The teacher will not tell the student the answer until they have discussed it themselves.表据说/认

9、Youve failed to do what you were expected to do and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. 为/期待 Appolo is said to be studying in England, but I do not know where exactly.意义的考查 He is believed to have once won the prize, but who knows.get + done考察要注意 Please get dressed as soon as possible.谓语省略 （如果从句主语是

10、句子主语或it，且谓语动词为be动词，可以降从句主语和谓语省略）If it was necessary, the secretary of US said, the US air force would attack Libya. If (he is) given enough time, he is sure to accomplish the work as (he is) demanded.否定状语前置（特别注意little, hardly, seldom等隐性否定词）Little had I known about the accident before she told me.On

11、no account will we give up saving the injured in the Japanese earthquake stricken areas. Not only did he know a lot about the people, but also he was familiar with the culture there. (特别注意如果分别接句子，倒装的是前面）强调状语前置（一般以only, so为代表）倒装Only by know what we can know best can we get ready for the chances in th

12、e future.Greatly loved are the romantic works of his.Buried with him were the tools thought to be used in another life. So expensive is the product that few people will buy it.（特别注意下面两个句子的倒装）倒装条件Known to all are the characters in the play written by Jing Yong from H.K.Such a fright did the man get t

13、hat he dropped his bag and ran away. neither、nor、so表“也”前置虚拟语气省略ifHad it not been for what he said, I would not have agreed with the proposal. 介词表方向前置Out came the teacher and the students.(注意此处为全部倒装）After the deafening thunder, down poured the rainstorm.谓语地点状语前置与表位于位于搭配At the foot of the mountain lie

14、s the city I used to live in.Dissatisfied as he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some experience.As表虽然、尽管Child as he is, he is much concerned about politics.(常见的三种情况） Much as he admires his father, he doesnt always obey him.Try as you may, the chance for you to achieve your dream se

15、ems slim.(请以教师课堂讲解为主；此处主要为方便大家记忆）句中出现be动词，情态动词，助动词，则直接将这些词提前到主语前面一般做法 如何倒装在以here，there,out, in,up,down, away等副词开头句中，将谓语直接提前以上两种情况外可先将句子变成否定句，看加什么词，然后将此词提前，但否定词不能添加进句子里（简单讲就是不能作谓语的动词结构：当句子中出现两个及以上动词，且没有连词时使用） 非谓语动词使用很复杂，请以教师讲解为准，此处省略1000字左右；但以下问题要注意： 一般情况下，做状语和定语时候，不太可能出现being done结构： Being devoted t

16、o his work resulted in his great success. (此处作主语）Being tired of the heavy work, the workers wanted desperately to have a rest.应为： Tired of the heavy work, the workers wanted desperately to have a rest.（此处作状语） 不定式的完成时态/进行时态以及现在分子的完成时态是高考非谓语动词考查的重点The book of that famous writer is said to have been tr

17、anslated into several languages. Sometimes movies stars are to blame for misleading customers.The effects of the accidents remain to be seen as so many factors are still unclear. Who do you think is to blame if you find the product unsatisfactory?He is believed to be living somewhere in America, but

18、 we do not know exactly.非谓语动词Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has strange plants.Having lived in the countryside for years, he feels it inconvenient to live in the city.with复合结构的考查With only 20 seconds to go, the chance of the teams winning the game seems s

19、mall. With all his work done, the manager felt at ease. With two students following him, the professor came into the room. With his wife beside him, the Japanese teacher sang a beautiful song.也可写成:His wife beside him, the Japanese teacher sang a beautiful song. 独立主格结构（当分词的谓语无法与所修饰的词或主语构成主动或被动关系是使用）

20、Frances air-attacking Libya suddenly shocked the whole world. It being my first time to stand before so many people, I did not know what to say. Disappointed at there being little to do, he finally decided to have a rest there.总体讲，虚拟语气变化分两类： 表命令、祈使、要求、建议，用（should）+do其他虚拟将时态往时间轴左边移动一个时态（至少是去过时）高考完成句子

21、主要考察以下几类（可根据从句或主句谓语变化及上下文体会对什么时态虚拟）：If I had got earlier this morning, I would have caught the bus.对过去虚拟If only I had finished the task by the end of the deadline set by the boss.I would rather I had not told him the news, which upset him beyond my expectation. But for your help, we would not have m

22、ade so much progress.Without his warns ahead of time, the journalist would have been in danger.虚拟语气虚拟语气的省略Should another would war break out, what would become of human beings? must/can/could/may/might have done表对过去推测：一定、很可能、可能做了某事情态动词+ 现在完成时结构It must have rained sometime last night for the ground i

23、s wet. There are so many people gathering there. What might have happened? 特别注意：must表推测的时候是不能用在否定句中和疑问句中的may/might表推测一般也不用于疑问句can/could/would have done:本来能够做而没有；注意有时可能是否定The loss would/could have been less if the local government had taken action earlier. need/ought to/should have done:本有必要/应该而没有Acc

24、ording to the international war, the US government need have informed the UN council ahead of time. You should have paid more attention to what the teacher had said before starting your experiment.表语如果谓语动词为be动词或系动词，我们习惯上把谓语后的叫表语表语可为任何词性的词、短语或从句宾语和表语区别：宾语如果谓语动词为实义动词（有自己独立意义，而不是根据上下文决定意义的词），则一般带宾语 宾语一

25、般为具有名词性质的词、短语或从从句一般如果从句不缺成分，宾语从句用that引导，且that可以省去that引导从句:The commander ordered (that) all soldiers should have a rest for at least 20 minutes.宾语从句I am sure (that) GDP rate this year will go down to 7% as excepted by the central government. 注意这个句子是形容词后带的宾语，常见有sure,happy,certain,glad宾语特别特别注意从句不能倒装表语特

26、别注意从句不能倒装I was certain of what I had done in the protest against animal hunting. The Yellow Crane Temple lies in what is called Wuhan.I did not know why such a clever man should have said that.特殊疑问词引导We should be informed of when our demand could be responded to.The whole nation were curious about h

27、ow the thief had stolen the objects under severe protection. They wanted to make clear what was wrong with the machine.They wanted to know what was the matter with the machine.We all want to make it clear that our demands should, somehow must, be met sooner or later. it形式宾语 The aim of the campaign i

28、s to get it across to the world that men are born equal.表语从句 表语从句可参考宾语从句内容，但是要注意表语从句中的引导词that不能省略What he meant was that we should pay more attention to others instead of ourselves.The question remaining to be solved is how the thief stole the goods without being noticed. it形式宾语 I found it hard to ac

29、cept his demands.of+N.Marys speech was of significance to her writing her essay.倍数关系其实就是考察同学们能不能记住词的顺序；务必多背诵相关句子The company employs three times as many workers as it used to two years ago.(注意以下句中并不是定语，为方便记忆放在这里）同级比较The company employs more than three times as many workers as it used to two years ago

30、. 倍数关系The population of China is about four times as much as that in US.The population of China in about four times that of US.定语Line A is three times the length of B.People who do not get enough sleep are twice as likely to die of heart disease as those whe get enough. Line as is three times of B i

31、n length.比较级This building is two times older than that one.no/not more than 区别no more than否定两者；not more than 否定一个As for this, he has no more rights than me.(意思是我们都没有多大权利）As for wealth, I do not have more money than his.（仅表示我没有他财富多，也许他很富有） There were twenty persons there, none of whom said anything a

32、bout the suggestion.有修饰They stayed with me for three weeks, during which time they drank up all the wine I had. I sent him two books, the bigger of which might meet your need I supposed.whose引导 Did you notice the house whose windows were broken?定语从句The victims most of whose houses had been destroyed

33、 were housed in the local school.as/which As is mentioned above, the result of the case is unveiled yet.An serious earthquake hit Japan, which is the hottest news recently.注意以point/situation/time/reason等为先行词的定语从句引导词的判断The couple have come to the point where devoice is inevitable.分词作定语 请参考谓语部分说明相对来讲，

34、高考英语对状语的考察不是很多，但注意以下问题分词作状语 请参考谓语部分说明only toHe hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left.让步状语从句Whatever he says to explain the incident, do not believe him.状语No matter what he says to explain the incident, do not believe him.The judges were so angry with the crime that they all vo

35、ted for the sentence. So angry were the judges with the crime that they all voted for the sentence.结果状语从句Such a good guy is he that we all have mercy for him on the accident. 状语从句He is such a good guy that we all have mercy for him on the accident.Such a fright did he man get that he dropped his bag

36、 and ran away.It was such good weather that they all went our for a walking in the mountain. It was so good weather that they all went our for a walking in the mountain.地点状语从句Where there is water, there is a city.A theater was built where there used to be a polluted lake.Open the windows and wind wi

37、ll come softly in. 条件状语从句Do not go out alone at night or you may get lost.注意经常考察条件状语从句中现在时表将来时时间状语当常见的every/each time, the first time, the moment/minitue, immediatrly等时间状语，可以充当连词功能（前不能加介词）连词My father went out immediately I got home.The instant the plane took off, it went wrong and the passengers abo

38、ard were badly injured. The fist time I saw her, I was fascinated by her calmness.三.其它经常出现的考点The morethe moreThe more we word for others, the happier we will be. 陈述句It was his being late for class again that annoyed the teacher.Can you tell me where it was that you lost your money?一般问句 Was it his be

39、ing late for class again that annoyed the teacher? 强调句型 特殊问What was it that annoyed the teacher?和定从混 It was the general that won the battle that was honored by the president.there is no need to do sth没必要做There is no need to finish it in such a hurry. there is no doubt that毫无疑问There is no doubt that

40、he will turn up.therethere is a (high) chance that很可能There is a high chance that he will turn up. orthere is no point/sense (in) doing做没必要There is no point discussing it with him.itIt is no wonder that难怪Its no wonder that he could finish it so soon.It is no good/use/need doing做没好处/用处/必要Its no use as

41、king him for mercy. He is so cruel a man. when it comes to sth当涉及到When it comes to math, I am not at all his rival.it suddenly occurred to sb that突然想到It suddenly occurred to me that I had an important meeting.When they got to the marked tree again, they found themselves lost in the mountain.V+O+O.c

42、Raise your voice a little louder or you will not make yourself heard.They were angry to find the machine they had had repaired broken down again.it was not until that注意不要把not写掉It was not until they got home that they found their house broken into.Not until they got home did they find their house bro

43、ken into.it is likely thatIt is likely that some broke into the house when they were out.Someone was likely to have broken into the house when they were out.It will not be long before I come back to pay you a visit. before/since作连词It had not been long/was not long before the war came to an end.It wi

44、ll be another three days before they can finish the work.It has been years since the war was put an end to.The book cost me 200 last year. But he bought it with only 20 yesterday.表“花费”的句型It cost/took the international community almost two years to persuade the North Korea to give nuclear weapon.As a new graduate, he doesnt know what it takes to start a busniess here.It took the European Union 110 billion to slow down the speed the debt crisis, which seems to be worsening recently. 表“非常”特殊结构 I cant agree more with your plan.学科网（北京）股份有限公司