形容词和副词讲义.pdf

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1、忍一句，息一怒，饶一着，退一步。增广贤文海纳百川，有容乃大；壁立千仞，无欲则刚。林则徐形容词和副词 (一)形容词的基本功能及其在句子中的位置 说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。1形容词作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。beautiful girl is my sister.那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。2作表语，放在系动词之后。school is big and clean.我们的学校又大又干净。I felt terrible this morning.我今天

2、早上感到不舒服。3作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。I find it hard to travel around the big city.我发现在这个大城市旅行很难。4某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人。常见词有 good/bad，rich/poor，young/old，deaf/blind，black/white，living/dead 等。rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。The young should be polite to the old.年轻人应该对老年人有礼貌。(

3、二)形容词比较等级的构成：原级、比较级和最高级 规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般直接加-er，-est long tall longer taller longest tallest 不发音的 e 结尾时加-r，-st late large later larger latest largest 辅音字母加y 结尾时把y变 i，再加-er，-est easy happy easier happier easiest happiest 谋事在人，成事在天！增广贤文云路鹏程九万里，雪窗萤火二十年。王实甫重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音

4、字母，再加-er，-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在原级前加 more，most careful beautiful more careful more beautiful most careful most beautiful 在原级前加 less，least important useful less important less useful least important least useful 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well（身体好的）better best many/much mo

5、re most bad/ill worse worst little less least far farther(较远)further(进一步)farthest(最远)furthest(最大程度)old older elder(较年长的)oldest eldest(最年长的)注意：不规则变化的比较级和最高级要背熟。(三)形容词原级用法 1说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。flowers in the garden are beautiful.这花园里的花很美。2有表示绝对概念的副词 very，so，too，enough，quite 等修饰时用形容词原级。boy is too

6、young.这男孩太小了。Math is very difficult.数学很难。云路鹏程九万里，雪窗萤火二十年。王实甫人人好公，则天下太平；人人营私，则天下大乱。刘鹗3表示 A 与 B 在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。（1）肯定句中的结构：“A+as+形容词原级+as+B”is as interesting as Chinese.英语和语文一样有趣。Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim.小明和吉姆一样高。（2）否定句中的结构：“A+as/so+形容词原级+as+B”book isnt as new as that one.这本书不如那本书新。I am not so

7、careful as Lucy.我没有露西仔细。（3）表示“A 是 B 的倍”时，用“A+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。(一次：once，两次：twice，三次以上：数字+times)school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍。This table is twice as long as that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。(四)形容词比较级用法 1表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，最明显的提示词是 than，其结构为“A+比较级+than+B”。Leis room is bigger than mine.李雷的房

8、间比我的大。This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃。注意：为了避免重复，在从句中常用 the one，that，those 等词来替代前面出现过的名词。其中 the one 替代可数名词单数形式，the ones 或 those 替代可数名词复数形式，that 替代不可数名词。weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.北京的天气比广州的天气冷。2有表示程度的副词 a little，a bit，a few，a lot，much，even，still，far，ra

9、ther，any 等修饰时，用形容词比较级。feel even worse now.我现在觉得更难受了。It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多。3 表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“Which/Who is+形容词比较级，A or B”表示。is taller,Li Ming or Wang Tao 李明和王涛哪一个高一些 Which sweater is more beautiful,the yellow one or the pink one 好学近乎知，力行近乎仁，知耻近乎勇。中庸以铜为镜，可以正衣冠；以古为镜，可以知兴替；以人

10、为镜，可以明得失。旧唐书魏征列传哪一件毛衣更漂亮，黄色还是粉红色的 4表示“几倍于”时，用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。am three years older than you.我比你大三岁。5表示“两者之间最一个(of the two)”时，常用“the+比较级”结构。is the taller of the twins.Mary 是双胞胎中的高个子。6表示“越来越”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。Our

11、hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡越来越漂亮了。7表示“越就越”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。more we get together,the happier well be.我们越是在一起，就越开心。(五)形容词最高级用法 1表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个 in/of 短语来表示范围。is the strongest of the three boys.在三个男孩子中，他是最强壮的。Shanghai is the biggest city in

12、 China.上海是中国最大的城市。2表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时，用“Which/Who is+the+最高级，A，B or C”结构。city is the most beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou 哪个城市最漂亮，北京，上海还是福州 3表示“最的之一”时，用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。Jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。4形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最”。Changjiang River is the

13、first longest river in China.长江是中国第一大长河。5形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词the。is our last lesson today.这是我们今天的最后一节课。Yesterday was his busiest day.昨天是他最忙的一天。以家为家，以乡为乡，以国为国，以天下为天下。管子牧民勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。刘备6形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是班上最高的学生。=Li Lei is taller than

14、any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人都高。(六)使用形容词时易混知识 1-ing 形容词和-ed 形容词-ing 形容词-ed 形容词 例句 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 This is a surprising story.I am surpris

15、ed at the news.interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 Have you heard of the exciting news We are excited about the traveling.pleasing 令人愉快的 pleased 感到愉快、满意的 This is a pleasing trip.The teacher is pleased with our performanc

16、e.frightening 令人恐惧的 frightened 感到恐惧的 This is a frightening story.We are frightened of the ghost.moving 令人感动的 moved 受感动的 Titanic is a moving film.We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply.tiring 使人疲倦的 tired 感到疲倦的 The speech is very tiring.Are you tired of it fascinating 迷人的 fascinated 着迷的 What a fascinatin

17、g voice!万两黄金容易得，知心一个也难求。曹雪芹其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从。论语Many boys are fascinated by computer games.表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物。表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb.+-ed 形容词+介词”结构。We are all interested in the interesting story.2比较的对象不能相互包容 牢记下列结构：比较级+than+any other+单数名词 all(the)other+复数名词 any one/anybody else any of t

18、he other+复数名词 the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词 注意：在同一范围内进行比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。is larger than any other country in Asia.中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。(同一范围内，只能和其他对象进行比较)China is larger than any country in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。(不同范围内，可以和其他任意一个对象进行比较)3在两者进行比较“表示 A 不如 B”时，多音节和部分双音节形容词除使用“notas/so+形容词原级+as”结构外，还可使用“less+形容词原级

19、+than”结构。am not as careful as Lily.我没有 Lily 仔细。=I am less careful than Lily.4许多形容词加-ly 可以构成副词，但有些-ly 结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词。friendly(友好的)lonely(孤独的，孤单的)lovely(可爱的，有趣的)likely(有希望的)daily(日常的)lively(有生气的，活泼的)上面我们复习了形容词，下面我们复习副词，副词分为“时间副词，如 yesterday(昨天)；地点副词，如 inside(在里面)；方式副词，如 quickly(快地)；程度副词，如 very(很)；疑问副词

20、，如 when(什么时候)；关系副词，如 why(为什么)。关系副词用来引导定语从句。有些知识如时间、地点，是非常明显的东西，只需要提一下。今天我们主要复习以下几个方面：副词用法（一）副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从。论语古之立大事者，不惟有超世之才，亦必有坚忍不拔之志。苏轼1作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和句子。listen to me carefully.请你认真地听我讲。The boy is too young.这男孩太小了。Luckily,he was not badly hurt.幸

21、运地，他伤得不是太重。2作表语，表示方位上的变化。father will be back in a week.我父亲一周后回来。3作宾语补足语。him in,please.请让他进来。(二)副词的位置 1一般作状语时放在谓语动词之后。如果谓语动词带有宾语，副词则放在宾语后面。all study hard.我们努力学习。He is drawing a horse carefully.他在认真地画一匹马。2频度副词作状语时放在 be 动词或助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。is always late for school.他总是上学迟到。I often go to see my grandpa

22、rents on Sunday.我经常星期天去看望祖父母。3某些副词是为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句子之前。he had a good idea.突然他想出了一个办法。4enough 修饰形容词和副词时，要放在所修饰词之后。boy is old enough to go to school.这孩子够大了能去上学。He got up early enough to catch up the train.他起得足够早能赶上火车。(三)副词比较等级用法 1副词的比较级、最高级的变法和形容词的比较级、最高级变法基本相同。刚才我们已经讲过。2在两者进行比较“表示 A 不如 B”时，部分双音节和多音节副词除

23、使用“notas/so+副词原级+as”结构外，还可使用“less+副词原级+than”结构。didnt do his homework as carefully as Jim.Bill 做作业没有 Jim 认真。=Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim.3副词最高级前一般不加定冠词 the。Tao did best in English of all.林涛是所有人中英语最好的。4副词比较级不规则变化表 吾日三省乎吾身。为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？论语谋事在人，成事在天！增广贤文原级 比较级 最高级 well（好地）bette

24、r best badly worse worst little less least much more most far farther farthest further furthest 形容词和副词比较级的用法 级别 比较程度 表达方式和意义 例 句 备 注 原 级 同 等 程 度 肯 定 形 式 As+原级+as(像一样)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can.否 定 形 式 not+so(as)+原级+as(不如那样)English is not so difficult as science.She does n

25、ot study so well as I do.比较级 不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than(比)Jim is older than Lucy.I like pork better than beef.比较级前面可以加 much,far,even,still,a lot,a little,吾日三省乎吾身。为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？论语人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？论语a bit 等 程度加深 比较级+and+比较级（越来越）The+比较级，the+比较级（越,越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and be

26、tter.The more books she reads,the better she understand.最高级 最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The+最高级+of(in)(最)Spring is the best season of the year.Lin Tao jumped(the)farthest of all.副词最高级前面的 the 往往省略 注意：有些形容词，如 dead,empty,round,sure,woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。(四)副词易混知识清单 1how long，how soon，how often how long“多久，多长时间”，是对

27、一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for+段时间”和“since+点时间”回答。how soon“多快，多久以后”，是对一个短暂性动词提问，用于一般将来时句子中，常用“in+段时间”回答。how often“多长时间一次”，对频度提问，常用“once，twice，three times a week”等回答。how far“多远”，对距离提问。.How long have you lived in Beijing 你住在北京多久了 For ten year.十年了。人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？论语非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远。诸葛亮How soon will your father come bac

28、k 你父亲多久以后回来 He will come back in a week.他一周后回来。How often do you play football 你多长时间踢一回足球 Once a week.周一次。How far is it from here to your home 这离你家有多远 Only 200 meters away.只有 200 米远。2hard/hardly hard“努力地，辛苦地”；“剧烈地，猛烈地”是程度副词。hardly“几乎不”，是否定副词。should study hard as students.作为学生，我们应该努力学习。I can hardly ca

29、tch up with you,can you walk slowly 我几乎赶不上你了，你能走慢一点吗 3much too/too much much too“非常，极其，太”much 和 too 都是副词，much 修饰 too，用以加强语气，中心词是too，much too 修饰形容词或副词原级。too much“太多”，中心词是 much，too 修饰 much，以加强语气，too much 修饰不可数名词。与 too many 相对，但 too many 修饰可数名词。skirt is much too dear.这裙子太贵了。Please dont eat too much ice

30、-cream,its bad for your health.不要吃太多的冷激凌，它对身体不好。There are too many people in the supermarket.超市里人太多了。4too/also/either too 一般不用于否定句，常放在句尾。also 用于肯定句和疑问句，常放在 be 动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前。either 用于否定句，常放在句尾。are a student,I am a student,too.你是学生，我也是学生。They are also students.他们也是学生。I dont like the film,either.我也不喜

31、欢这部电影。5too,enough,so 先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。范仲淹丹青不知老将至，贫贱于我如浮云。杜甫too“太，很”，用于“tooto”结构，表示否定意义“太而不能”。enough“足够”，用于“形容词/副词原级+enough to”结构，表示“足够能”。so“如此”，用于“sothat”结构，表示“如此以致”。man is too old to look after himself.这人年纪太大了不能照顾自己。The boy runs fast enough to win the game.这男孩跑得足够快能赢。The camera is so expensive that

32、I cant afford it.照相机太贵了，我买不起。6already/yet already 常用于肯定句。yet 常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。have already finished my homework.我已经完成了家庭作业。Have you finished your homework yet 你完成了你的家庭作业吗 I havent had lunch yet.我还没有吃午餐呢。(五)形容词怎样变成副词 一般说来形容词就是形容词，副词就是副词，但也有很多形容词可以加 ly 来构成副词。heavyheavily loudloudly carefulcarefully clearc

33、learly beautifulbeautifully happyhappily truetruly luckluckily quickquickly badbadly 同学们特别要注意副词修饰行为动词这一点。如：He is very(careful).He does everything(carefully)第一句中是作表语，用adj.careful；第二句中修饰行为动词 does 用adv.carefully.hard 努力hardly 几乎不 late 迟的，晚的lately 近来 deep 深deeply 深深地 near 靠近nearly 差不多 wide 宽widely 广泛地 h

34、igh 高的highly 高度地 close 靠近的closely 密切地 free 免费的freely 自由地 【基础练习】()1 Your room is _ than mine.A.three time big B.three times big C.three times bigger D.bigger three times 我尽一杯，与君发三愿：一愿世清平，二愿身强健，三愿临老头，数与君相见。白居易好学近乎知，力行近乎仁，知耻近乎勇。中庸()2 When spring comes,it gets_.A.warm and warm B.colder and colder C.warm

35、er and warmer D.shorter and shorter()3 _ he read the book,_ he got in it.A.The more;the more interesting B.The less;the more interesting C.The more;the more interested D.More;more interested ()4 I like_ one of the two books.A.the older B.oldest C.the oldest D.older()5 Which do you like _,tea or coff

36、ee？A.well B.better C.best D.most()6 This work is _ for me than for you.A.difficult B.most difficult C.much difficult D.more difficult()7 Who jumped_of all？A.far B.farther C.farthest D.the most far()8 Li Lei is_ student in our class.A.tall B.taller C.tallest D.the tallest()9 Tom is one of _ boys in o

37、ur class.A.tallest B.taller C.the tallest B.the tall()10 English is one of_ spoken in the world.A.the important languages B.the most important languages C.most important language D.the most important language()11.Most of the woods _ been taken good care of.A.are B.is C.has D.have()12 Im not _ to lif

38、t the heavy box.A.short enough B.enough tall C.health enough D.strong enough()13 Which is_,Li Lei or Wu Tong？A.strong B.strongest C.stronger D.the strongest()14 Do you have _ to tell us？A.something new B.new something C.anything new D.new anything 以家为家，以乡为乡，以国为国，以天下为天下。管子牧民一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。增广贤文()15.M

39、ost of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A.more and rich B.more rich and more rich C.richer and richer D.rich and rich 写出下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。fast _ _ wide _ _ easy _ _ small_ _ large_ _ dirty_ _ long _ _ rude _ _ busy_ _ hot_ _ thin_ _ fat _ _ few _ _ good_ _ little_ _ badly_ _ far_ _ difficult_ _

40、much_ _ many _ _ nice _ _ 用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空。1.Which lesson is _(difficult)in Book 2 2.Alice writes _(carefully)than I.3.This story is _(interesting)than that one.4.That was one of _(exciting)moments in 2008.5.This kind of food must be _(delicious)than that one.6.Beihai park is one of _(beautiful)park

41、s in Beijing.7.Whos _(careful),Tom,Jim or Kate 8.That is _(easy)of all.9.He is _(clever)boy in the class.10.John is _(short)than Tom.11.She is _(pretty)girl in the group.12.Which film is _(interesting),this one or that one 13.Can you show me_(near)shop here 14.This bridge is as _(long)as that one,bu

42、t it is much _(wide)than that 常将有日思无日，莫待无时思有时。增广贤文云路鹏程九万里，雪窗萤火二十年。王实甫one.15.I think English is one of _(important)subjects in middle school.16.I am only one year _(young)than you.17.The boy is not so _(interesting)as his brother.18.Dick sings _(well),she sings _(well)than John,but Mary sings_(well)i

43、n her class.19.She will be much _(happy)in her new house 20.Johns parents have four daughters,and she is the _(young)child 单项选择 m shortsighted and I cant see the words on the notice board _.A,clear B,clearly C,carefully D,good works hard but she doesnt work _ Mary.A,as harder than B,as hard than C,a

44、s harder as D,as hard as is _ book in our library.A,the most interesting B,most interesting C,the more interesting D,more interesting you think maths is _ important than English A,very B,as C,more D,quite got a Christmas tree and it was _ ours.A,so tall as B,so taller as C,as tall as D,as taller as

45、old soldier lived all by himself.Even though he was _,he was not _ at all.A,alone,lonely B,alone,alone C,lonely,alone D,lonely,lonely taxi doesnt run as _ as an underground train.A,fast B,faster C,fastest D,more fast 8.Yangpu Bridge is one of _ in the world.A,bigger bridge B,the biggest bridge C,the

46、 biggest bridges D,bigger bridges think the song in the film“Titanic”is _ one of all the movie songs.A,the most beautiful B,most beautiful C,a beautiful D,much more beautiful cousin can draw _ an artist.A,as well as B,not so well as C,as better as D,as good as 穷则独善其身，达则兼善天下。孟子丹青不知老将至，贫贱于我如浮云。杜甫12.Ji

47、nmao Tower is _ building in Shanghai.A,high B,tall C,highest D,the tallest,000 dollars is a large amount of money,but its _ than we need.A,far more B,very much C,far less D,very little Smith thought the Century Park was the second _ in Shanghai.A,large B,larger C,largest D,very large think Yao Ming,

48、the famous basketball player,will be _ new star in NBA.A,hot B,hotter C,hottest D,the hottest:What delicious cakes!B:They would taste _ with butter.A,good B,better C,bad D,worse all the teachers in this school,Miss Tao is one of _.A,young B,younger C,the youngest D,the most young to Mrs Lin!With her

49、 help,we finished our work an hour _.A,late B,later C,early D,earlier:In our English study reading is more important than speaking,I think.B:I dont agree.Speaking is _ reading.A,as important B,so important as C,the most important D,the same as looks _ today and smiles _ all the time.A,happy,happy B,

50、happily,happily C,happy,happily D,happily,happy s _ to send an e-mail than a regular mail.A,much more quickly B,quick C,more quickly D,much quicker price of these dictionaries is _ than before.A,much cheaper B,more expensive C,much higher D,more higher has _ to tell you.A,something important B,anyth