胞生物学期中考试试题及答案02.pdf

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1、一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。增广贤文一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。增广贤文 细胞生物学期末试卷 2 一、填空题(每空分，共 10 分)1.定位于线粒体基质和内膜的蛋白都是由导肽引导的，但是参与运输的导肽的数量是不同的，前者需要 ，后者需要 。2.在动物细胞的运动中，关于运动力的产生有两种假说，一种是:，另一种是 。3.The flow of electrons across the inner membrane generates a pH gradient and a membrane potential,which together exert a force.4.2001 年诺贝尔

2、生理学与医学奖授予了美国科学家利兰哈特韦尔和英国科学家蒂莫西亨特、保罗纳西，以表彰他们发现了细胞周期的关键调节机制。其中，利兰哈特韦尔发现了 ；保罗纳西的贡献是，;蒂莫西亨特的贡献是:.5.把有丝分裂期间出现的纺锤体、中心体、星体及染色体统称为有丝分裂器。6.当核基因编码的线粒体蛋白进入线粒体时,需要 和 提供能量来推动。7.类胡萝卜素在光合作用中主要是帮助叶绿素提高光吸收效应，作用机理是 。8.包被小泡介导的是选择性分泌，而 包被小泡介导的是非选择性分泌。9.在细胞分裂中,微管的作用是 ,微丝的作用是 。10.Bip 蛋白是一种分子伴侣，它在内质网中至少有两个作用：；。11.染色体的着丝粒有

3、两个基本功能 ；。二、判断题(若是正确的标号，错误的标号，每题1分，共15分)1.激素类蛋白分子在Trans 高尔基体网络分选时会被包裹进网格蛋白包被小泡。（）2.细胞质膜的细胞质面的锚定蛋白也都是由膜结合核糖体合成，并通过小泡转运到质膜上。（）3.Plants have chloroplasts and therefore can live without mitochondria.()4.Due to the many specialized transport proteins in the inner and oute membranes,the intermembrane space

4、 and the matrix space are chemically equivalent to the cytosol with respect to small molecules.（）5.在减数分裂过程中,染色体间发生的分子重组是随机发生的。()6.同一个体不同组织的细胞中,核仁的大小和数目都有很大的变化,这种变化和细胞中蛋白质合成的旺盛程度有关。7.组成叶绿体的脂类大多数是叶绿体自身制造的,而构成线粒体的脂类大多数是从胞质溶胶中运输进来的。()8.叶绿体的核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶是由 16 个亚基组成的聚合体,其中 8 个大亚基是核基因编码的。()9.微管蛋白异二聚体的和两个亚基都能同

5、GTP 结合,亲和力也一样。()10.细胞中多数微管都是单管形式存在,只有鞭毛、中心粒等结构中的微管是以二联管的形式存在。()11.由中间纤维结合蛋白(intermediate filament-associated protein,IFAPs)将中间纤维相互交联成束状的结构称作张力丝。12 .M6P 受体蛋白是高尔基体反面网络上特有的受体蛋白,主要起到分拣溶酶体酶的作用。()13.转运内吞是一种特殊的内吞作用，受体和配体在内吞过程中并未作任何处理，只是从一个部位转运到另一个部位。14.导肽是游离核糖体上合成的新生肽的 N-端一段氨基酸序列,其组成特点是含有较多的碱性氨基酸、基本不含酸性氨基酸

6、,具有形成两性螺旋的倾向。()15.将同步生长的 M期细胞与同步生长的 S期细胞融合,除了见到正常的染色体外,还可见到细线状的染色体。()三、选择题(请将正确答案的代号填入括号，每题1分，共15分)1.What do telomeres do（）勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。刘备好学近乎知，力行近乎仁，知耻近乎勇。中庸 a.They protect the chromsomes from degradation by nucleases.b.They prevent the ends of chromosomes from fusing with one another.c.They are

7、 required for complete chromosomal replication.d.all of the above 2.If you treated cells with a drug that interferes with microtubules,such as colchicine,which of the following would result（）a.Cell shape would be disrupted.b.Mitosis and meiosis would not occur.c.The intracellular location of organel

8、les would be disrupted.d.All of the above would result.3.Which type of vesicle of the trans Golgi network would be most likely to carry hormones destined for regulated secretion ()a.lysosomal vesicles b.clathrin-coated vesicles c.non-clathrin-coated vesicles d.all of the above 4.If you compared the

9、proteins in a cis Golgi compartment with those in a trans Golgi compartment,you would find:()a.the proteins in the two compartments are identical.b.the proteins in the cis compartment are glycosylated and contain modified amino acids,whereas those in the trans compartment are not modified.c.the prot

10、eins in the cis compartment are glycosylated,whereas those in the trans compartment are glycosylated and contain modified amino acids.d.the proteins of the cis compartment are shorter than those of the trans compartment.5.Which of the following explains why microsomes cant be seen in cells viewed wi

11、th the electron microscope()a.They are far too small.b.They are artifacts of homogenization and centrifugation.c.They are transparent to electrons.d.They actually can be seen in electron micrographs of cells.6.Which of the following proteins would not be found in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum()a.

12、Ca2+-pumping enzymes b.cytochrome P450 c.glucose 6-phosphatase d.signal peptidase 7.The observation that isolated F1 particles have ATPase activity suggests that()a.Electron transport requires energy derived from ATP hydrolysis.b.The normal enzymatic activity of the particle is reversible.c.These pa

13、rticles have been irreversibly inactivated.d.Electron transport is still functioning.8.Which cell type is likely to have the most mitochondria()a.fast-twitch muscle b.slow-twitch muscle 大丈夫处世，不能立功建业，几与草木同腐乎？罗贯中大丈夫处世，不能立功建业，几与草木同腐乎？罗贯中 c.liver cells d.adipose cells 9.下列哪项代表了染色体结构中由最低至最高的压缩过程。()a.核小体3

14、0nm 纤维超螺旋环有丝分裂中的染色体 b.核小体超螺旋环30nm 纤维有丝分裂中的染色体 c.核小体30nm 纤维有丝分裂中的染色体超螺旋环 d.有丝分裂中的染色体30nm 纤维超螺旋环核小体 10.用剧烈方法分离到的叶绿体是型叶绿体，不能()。a.产生 O2 b.不能合成 ATP c.不能产生 NADPH d.不能固定 CO2 11.参与胞质分裂的分子发动机是()。a.肌球蛋白 b.肌球蛋白 c.肌球蛋白 d.肌钙蛋白 12.I-细胞病是由于缺乏()所致。a.-葡萄糖苷酶;b.N-乙酰葡萄糖胺磷酸转移酶;酶;d.磷酸二酯酶。13.ARF 是一种单体 G 蛋白,它有一个 GTP/GDP 结合

15、位点,当结合有 GDP 时,没有活性。若 ARF-GDP 同()结合,可引起 GDP 和 GTP 的交换。;酶激活蛋白;+-ATPase d.鸟嘌呤核苷释放蛋白。14.为了研究在离体条件下,质子转位的能力,将线粒体呼吸链的复合物掺入到人工脂质体的小泡中,下列四种物质中那一种是最合适的电子供体()a.细胞色素 a b.细胞色素 c d.细胞色素 c 氧化酶 15.若在显微镜下观察到的某细胞具有核仁,并且核物质与细胞质的界限清晰,则可判定此细胞处于细胞的()。a.间期;b.前期;c.中期;d.后期。四、简答题(选做 4 题，每题 5 分，20 分)1.Dynamic instability cau

16、ses microtubules either to grow or to shrink rapidly.Consider an individual microtubule that is in its shrinking phase.(1).What would happen if only GDP,but no GTP,were present in the solution (2).What would happen if the solution contained an analogue of GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed 2.How does reg

17、ulated secretion differ from constitutive secretion 好学近乎知，力行近乎仁，知耻近乎勇。中庸常将有日思无日，莫待无时思有时。增广贤文3.Consider a protein that contains an ER signal sequence at its amino terminus and a nuclear localization sequence in its middle.What do you think the fate of this protein would be Explain your answer.4.什么是蛋白

18、质 N-连接糖基化和 O-连接糖基化发生在何种部位 5.过氧化物酶体是怎样进行氧浓度调节的有什么意义 五、看图描述(每题 10 分，共 20 分)1.根据对核蛋白运输机制的研究及相关蛋白的发现,提出了核蛋白的输入模型(图 1),请对这一模型作出文字说明(PCC1:Ran nucleotide-exchange factor1)。图 1 含有 NLS 信号的核蛋白从细胞质输入细胞核的推测模型 2.图 2 是关于 MPF 的活性调节，请作出文字说明：人人好公，则天下太平；人人营私，则天下大乱。刘鹗百川东到海，何时复西归？少壮不尽力，老大徒伤悲。汉乐府长歌行 图 2.酵母 MPF 的活性调节 六、综

19、合题(20 分):生物膜是怎样合成的可能的机理是什么 七、附加题（只能选做 15 分题）1.分析思考（5 分）基因的转录加工和蛋白质的合成是遗传信息流的两个关键环节，对此细胞核与细胞质有明确的分工：细胞核负责基因的转录加工，而细胞质则负责完成蛋白质的合成。核糖体是合成蛋白质的工厂，由大小两个亚基组成，它们都是在细胞核着中装配的。从细胞的生命活动看，在长期的进化过程中选择了经济合理的路线，但是在核糖体的装配中却选择了一种违背经济规律的做法：组成核糖体大小亚基的 80 余种蛋白质在胞质溶胶中合成之后被运送到细胞核中；在核仁中装配成的核糖体大、小亚基又要被运送到胞质溶胶中，它们是核输出中体积最大的物

20、质。由于细胞中核糖体的数量巨大，组成核糖体的 rRNA 的种类和数量都远比组成核糖体的蛋白质少，如果细胞核将合成好的 rRNA 运送到胞质溶胶中，在那里进行核糖体的装配和蛋白质的合成岂不更经济合理假如是这种情况的话，有哪些不利谈谈您的看法。2.（5 分）Consider the v-SNAREs that direct transport vesicles from the trans Golgi network to the plasma membrane.They,like all other v-SNAREs,are membrane proteins that are integrat

21、ed into the membrane of the ER during their biosynthesis and are then transported by transport vesicles to their destination.Thus,transport vesicles budding from the ER contain at least two kinds of v-SNAREs-those that target the vesicles to the cis Golgi cisternae and those that are in transit to t

22、he trans Golgi network to be packaged in different transport vesicles destined for the plasma membrane.(A)Why might this be a problem(B)Suggest possible ways in which the cell might solve it.3（10 分）。Specialization of membranes is a characteristic of mammalian cells.What are the mechanisms 以家为家，以乡为乡，

23、以国为国，以天下为天下。管子牧民吾日三省乎吾身。为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？论语by which the apical and basolateral surfaces of certain cells become differentiated 4.(5 分)Many mutant yeasts have been isolated that are defective in the control of their cell cycle.They proliferate normally at low temperatures(300C)but show abnormal

24、patterns of cell growth and division when grown at a higher temperature(370C).Two mutant strains(called gee and“wee)with defects at different sites in the same gene have very different responses to elevated temperature.Gee strain cells grow until they become enormous but no longer divide.Wee strain cells have very short cell cycles and divide when they are very much smaller than usual.Suggest a possible model to explain these observations,and suggest what the normal protein encoded by this gene might do.