2022年中考英语语法时态部分总结 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_中考英语语法时态部分总结（1） 一般过去时用法索引1. 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态.时间状语有： yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等.Where did you go just now.2. 表示在过去一段时间内,常常性或习惯性的动作.When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 特殊句型 需重点把握 1. It is time for sb. to do sth.“到时间了” 、“该了”2. It is t

2、ime sb. did sth.“时间已迟了” 、“早该了”It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了.It is time you went to bed.早该睡觉了.3. would had rather sb. did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”Id rather you came tomorrow.请你留意： 一般过去时的时间状语应当是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如： yesterday,last month, in 1999, two days ago等,确定不行与 recently, in the past 10 years, this mont

3、h 等连用,由于这样的时间状语都与现在有关系,应当用现在完成时或一般现在时.过去进行时用法索引1. 表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作. 构成： bewas,were+现在分词, 常用的时间状语： at 10:30 last night , this time yesterday eveningEg1.What were you doing at three o clock yesterday afternoon.2. 用于 when, while引导的时间状语从句中.用过去进行时表示较长的动作.过去进行时可用于主句,也可用于从句.Eg1. I was doing my homework

4、 when someone knocked at the door. Eg2 We were walking along the river when suddenly it rained.Eg3 While he was waiting at the bus stop, the traffic accident happened. While后的分句必须用进行时 Eg4.While I was reading , my sister was sleeping. 表示对比 ,都用进行时 3.用于表示过去将来的动作.常用在间接引语中.Eg1.She was leaving early the n

5、ext morning.Eg2. I asked him whether he was coming back for dinner.过去将来时用法索引1. 过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态.它常用于宾语从句中 .有两种构成形式： 用 would 表示的过去将来时和用be was/were going to表示的过去将来时.Eg1. He told me he would go to Beijing.Eg2 He said the train was leaving at six the next morning Eg3. She said she was goin

6、g to start at once.过去完成时用法索引可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1 表示过去某时开头,始终连续到另一时间和状态.即动作完成于某个过去时间之前.常用的时间状语： 由 by, before 等词构成的表示时间的介词短语. “过去的过去” 这种规律关系常通过上下文表达出来,而不肯定受某个时间状语的限制.We had not heard from him by the end of last year.2. 依据时态一样的原就,在从句中谓语动词要用过去完成时代替其他时态.She said she had learned French for six years.

7、构成一般现在时用法索引1.常常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用.时间状语： every , sometimes,at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.客观真理、客观存在、科学事实.The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3 表示格言或警句中.Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败.请你留意此用法假如显现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时.例： Columbus prov

8、ed that the earth is round.4.现在时刻的状态、才能、性格、个性.I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.现在进行时用法索引1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作.常和 now, Look.Listen.或其他铺垫句及情形设置句连用.Eg1.I am reading a book now.Eg2. Look. They are having a basketball match. Eg3. Listen. He is playing the piano.Eg4. It s

9、 7:00 pm. The Greens are watching TV .2. 表示现阶段正在进行着的动作但说话时不肯定正在进行. Eg1.He is working in a shoe factory these days. 暂时性的工作 Eg2 Mr. Green is writing another novel.说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态.3. 表示在近期按方案或支配要进行的动作.即用现在进行体表示将来要发生的动作.但一般要与将来时间连用 ,而且仅限于少量动词 .例如: come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay 等.Eg1.Mr. Smith is

10、 leaving for London tomorrow. Eg2 Are you staying here till next week.4. 常与表示渐变的动词连用.例如 : get, grow, become, turn, , begin 等.Eg1The leaves are turning red. Eg2Its getting warmer and warmer. 现在完成时用法索引1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常用的时间状语： already, get, never, just, before, recently, for+ 一段时间 , since

11、+一段时间可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I have lost my key. 说明过去某时丢的,现在仍未找到. 2.表示过去已经开头,连续到现在的动作或状态.I have known him for ten years.The dog has been dead for three days.3.表示从过去到现在之间曾经经受过的事.We have been to the Summer Palace twice. 请你留意：由于含有 for 加一段时间或 since 加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬时动词.例： My sist

12、er has been here for 5 days.过去分词做表语表示状态,可以连续 My sister came here 5 days ago.终端动词 现在完成进行时用法： 表示某一动作开头于过去某一时间,连续或重复的显现至今,或将连续连续至将来.例： We have been working on this project for over a month now. 到目前为止,我们始终在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了.请你留意： 现在完成进行时与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态始终连续或始终反复显现.一般将来时用法索引1. 一般将来时

13、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态.2. 表示将来常常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用.如： tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next weekyear, term ,in two days , soon, the dayafter tomorrow 等.3. 问对方是否情愿或表示客气的邀请.4. shall 用于第一人称,常被will所代替. will在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求看法常常用于其次人称.中考英语语法时态部分总结（2）一、过去进行时与一般过去时的区分：A. 过去进行时表某一行为的“片断”,一般过去时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态.例如：I

14、 was reading the book at that time. 未读完,“读”的片段 .I read the book yesterday. 已读完,表整个“读” .B. 一般连续时间状语多与进行时连用.例如： He was writing a letter the whole afternoon. 短暂动词与连续时间连用,表反复、连续发生,不行用一般过去时.C. while引导的时间状语从句中,用短暂动词时只能用进行时.例如：He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.二、英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时不用现在进行时和过去进行时

15、.A. 表心理状态、 情感的动词： love、hate、like 、care、respect 、please、prefer 、know等.如用进行时就词意转变.例如：I m for get ting it . =beginning to forget .B. 表存在、状态的动词,如：appear、exist、lie、remain、 stand、seem 等.C. 表感觉的动词see、hear、 feel、smell 、sound、tasteD. 表一时性的动词 accept、allow 、admit、 decide、end、refuse、promise 等.示例 考题 1 As shethe

16、newspaper,Grannyasleep .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. read /was falling B .was reading /fellC. Was reading /was falling D. read/fell .分析 : 时间从句的动作长,而“入睡”动作短,故前者用过去进行时,而较短动词用一般过去时,选B .考题 2 Tominto the house when no one.A. slipped/was looking B. Had slipped /lookedC. slipped/had looked D. was slipping /l

17、ooked.分析：此题先要懂得好when,表“此时” ,说明主句中 slipped 是较短行为,而 look 是较长行为的片断,即汤姆溜进房子,此时没人看见,应选A 为正确.三、一般过去时和现在完成时的区分.一般过去时只表示过去某时发生的动作和状态.现在完成时就强调到目前为止动作的完成和结果,与现在的情形有联系,对现在也有影响.需要特殊留意的是：A. 刚做过的事,用现在完成时态,当说明或者询问做事的时间、的点时,要用一般过去时.例如 he has watched the football match. She watched it last Saturday.她看了那场足球赛, 她是上周六看的

18、.B. have / has been to a place. 表示某人曾经去过或者到过某的.have / has gone to a place表示某人说话时已经离开此的,或在去某的的路途中或者已经到了某的.例如：Frank hasgone to Tibet. 弗兰克已经去西藏了.Frank has been to Tibet twice. 弗兰克已经去过西藏2 次了.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_经典考题： -Is that Jack speaking. -Sorry, he isnt in right now. He with his aunt.A. has been

19、to B. has gone toC. have been to D. have gone to明显 Jack 不在现场,答案选B四、现在完成时与过去完成时的区分：the cinema可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_过去完成时与现在完成时两者的用法基本相同,但现在完成时以现在的时间为基点,而过去完成时就以过去的时间为基点,与现在无关,是过去的过去.I have finished my homework. 表示说话时作业已经做完了 By four o clock, I had finished my homework.初步把握连续性动词和瞬时动词在语法上的区分：如 ie, arr

20、ive, come, go, join, leave, buy, begin, get, start, become, borrow等均为瞬时动词,在现在完成时态中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用.He has joined the army. 他参军了. He has been in the army for a year. 他参军已经一年了.换成可以连续的动词 He joined the army a year ago. 用过去时 经典考题： LinLin has come. Hehere for half an hour.A. has been to B. has gone toC. has

21、 gone D. has been把 come 转化成 be here, 答案选 D五、三种一般将来时的区分1.will+动词原形构成的将来时表示主观意愿,未经事先细心方案或准备.可用于各种人称.Eg1. There is someone at the door. I will go and open it . Eg2. Who will go and help that poor old man .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2.be going to + 动词原形强调方案,支配要发生的事或有迹象要发生的事. Eg1.He is going to buy a new ca

22、r next week.Eg2.Look at the dark clouds, I think it is going to rain soon.3.shall + 动词原形构成的将来时主语通常是I 或 we 并且在确定句中常被will + 动词原形构成的将来时代替 ,但在疑问句中 Shall I ./ Shall we . 常用来征求对方看法 .Eg1. Shall I /we going fishing tomorrow. Eg2. When shall we meet.4.用于条件句时,be going to表将来. will表意愿If you are going to make a

23、journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you willtake off your clothes, we willfit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.六、“过去时态”与“宾语从句”直接引语变间接引语 宾语从句有三个要点：1. 语序：一律使用陈述语序,也就是：主句 连词 + 从句主语 + 从句谓语 +.2. 引导词如从句来源于一个陈述句,那么 ,连词用 that,在口语中 that 可以省略 ;如从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词就用 if或 w

24、hether;如从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,就连词就是疑问词如 what,who,where,when 等 3.时态假如主句是现在时,从句就用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时.例： I think I will do better in English this term. 我想本学期我的英语会学得好点.假如主句是过去时,从句就相应的使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍旧用现在时. 例： The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. 老师问那个男孩的球是不是圆的. 直接引用说话人原先的语句,称为直接引语.用自己的词语来转述表达原先说话人说的内容 ,

25、称为间接引语.间接引语在多数情形下构成宾语从句.下面, 我们来看看, 在主句是过去时的情形下,从直接引语变为间接引语的时候,时态都有怎样的变化了？时态变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时中考英语语法时态部分总结（ 3） 一、一般将来时的特殊用法 be going to + 不定式, 表示将来. 否定句或疑问句直接在 be 动词后加 not 或提到句首.a. 主语的意图,即将做某事.What are you going to do tomorrow.b. 方案,支配要发生的事.The play

26、 is going to be produced next month .c. 有迹象要发生的事.Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.某些动词的进行时表示将来,通常表示按方案、支配即将发生的动作. 常见的动词有： go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, spend, meet, fly 等.The bus is coming.汽车来了.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He is flying to Tibet tomorrow.他明天要飞往西藏.一些动词用一般现在时表

27、示将来,但必需与将来的时间状语连用.常见的动词有 egin, come, go, leave, sail, start, arrive, meet, return 等.Class begins at 8:00 am.上午 8 点开头上课.We return to Italy tomorrow morning.我们明天上午返回 be动词不定式,表示支配、命令或预定要做的事情.Where are you to meet this evening. 你们商定今晚在哪见面？ be about to do sth.表示“即将做”或“就要做” I was about to leave home when

28、the telephone began to ring. 我刚要离开家,电话铃突然响了.二、过去时的特殊用法1. wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作摸索性的询问、恳求、建议等.I thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些.2. 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气.动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend等.Did you want anything else.I wondered if you could help me.情态动词 could, would. Could you lend me your

29、bike.中考英语语法时态部分总结（4）依据试题统计,动词语法占语法考题中的50%左右,其内容主要包括动词的时态、语 态、要把握英语的时态和语态,必需把握好英语中的助动词do, be, have 和时间状语这两个核心问题.现将各考点分别归纳如下.1. 一般现在时主要用来表示人、 事物的现在状况和特点. 表示常常或习惯性的动作, 句子中常有 often, always, from time to time等时间状语.表示客观规律和永恒真理等.He usually goes to work at 7 o clock every morning.She has a brother who lives

30、 in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.考点一：表示永恒的真理,即使显现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时.如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时,常用的引导词有：时间： when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment / minute /

31、 day / year条件： if, unless, provided If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.考点三： 在 make sure certain, see to it, mind, care, matter宾语从句中, 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时.So long as he works hard, I don t mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作,我不介意他什么时候做完试验.考点四：在 the more the more 越越 句型中 , 如主句是一般将来时

32、 , 从句通常用一般现在时.The harder you study, the better results you will get.2. 现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动.与频率副词,如always , constantly ,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_continually , again 等连用,表示说话人的某种感情颜色称赞、厌烦、埋怨等 .We are having English class. The house is being built these days.The little boy is always making trouble.

33、考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作.Look out when you are crossing the street.Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考点二： 表示在最近按方案或支配要进行的动作这时多有表示将来的时间状语.Marry is leaving on Friday.3. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去, 完成在过去, 但强调与现在情形仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在.现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语.考点一： for +时间段. since + 时间点They have l

34、ived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years.考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately, recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these daysHas it stopped raining yet.考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时.in the past fewyears/months/weeks/da

35、ys, over the past few years, during the last threemonths, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history等In the past 30 years China has made great advances in socialist construction.考点四：表示“第几次做某事, ”或在 “ It is the best worst, most interesting + 名词 that” 后面用现在完成时.This is my first ti

36、me that I have visited China. That is the only book that he has written. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.4. 一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响, 只说明过去.常与明确的过去时间状语连用,如：yesterday,last week, in 1945, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when .考点一： used t

37、o + do 表示过去常常但现在已不再维护的习惯动作.to 为不定式符号, 后接动词原形.比较： be / become / get used to + doing 表示习惯于He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时.He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise5. 过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作.The boy was doing his homework when his father

38、came back from work.He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help. What were you doing at nine last night.The radio was being repaired when you called me.6. 过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”, 句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_There had b

39、een 25 parks in our city up till 2022. By the end of last term we had finished the book. They finished earlier than we had expected.考点一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时.I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began

40、to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. 留意倒装 考点二：表示“第几次做某事” ,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时.That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.考点三：动词 hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、准备和意图.I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see

41、you but I was too busy.7. 一般将来时表示在将来某个时间发生的动作或情形.常和tomorrow, next year, in 2022 等表示将来的时间状语连用,其表现形式多达5 种.考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中.We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.主句用一般将来时,从句中肯定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时.考点二： 某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start 等, 用现在进行时形式表示将来.I am leaving for

42、 Beijing tomorrow.考点三：“祈使句 + and / or +句子”,这种结构中 and 后面的句子谓语用一般将来时.Use your head and you will find a way.考点四：“ be going to +动词原形”,表示准备要做的事或可能要发生的事.“ be about to + 动词原形”表示依据预定方案或准备预备着手进行的动作. “ be to + 动词原形”表示必需、必定或方案将要做的事.They are to be married in May.8. 将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按方案肯定会发生的事情.I ll be doin

43、g my homework this time tomorrow.明天这会我正在写作业.The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.9. 将来完成时表示在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语特别明显.考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by + 将来时间 ,如：by the end of this year, by 8 o clock this evening, by March next year以及由 by the time , before 或 when 等引导的从句.By the end of nex

44、t month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left. By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中,将来完成时就由现在完成时表示.The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.10. 动词的语态一般用于强调受者, 做题时谓

45、语动词后通常不再出名词或宾语.动词的语态一般不单独考,而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考,需要留意以下考点.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedIt took place before liberation.考点二：以下动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与 well, quit

46、e, easily, badly 等副词连用： lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , writeGlass breaks easily. 玻璃简单破裂.The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳.The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁.The book sells well.这本书很畅销. 考点三：一些常用经典被动句型It is said , It is reported , It is widely believed , It is expected , It is estimated ,这些句子一般翻译为 “据说”,“人们认为” ,而“以前人们认为” 就应当说： It was believed , It was thought .中考英语语法时态部分总结（5）1.My father went to Shanghai yesterday. Heback in two weeks.A. comesB. has comeC. will comeD. came答案 : C 挑选 D 的同学要留意 in + 时间段 , 表示在