2022年中考英语知识点复习-阅读理解 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师整理精华学问点学问点八：阅读懂得通过近几年全国各省市中考英语试题来看,我们发觉“阅读懂得 ”题出现出这样几个特点：题材新奇,原汁原味,趣味性强.贴近生活实际,极具可读性.反映社会热点,富于时代气息.题目设计奇妙,匠心独运.考查才能综合化.选材广泛,信息量大.所涉及内容包罗万象,不仅涉及生活百科,自然科学,而且也触及天文的理,寓言故事、异域风情等.A、阅读懂得题目类型及解题方法.1. 细节懂得题.* 此类题主要考察同学对相关信息的识别才能,答案一般在原文中能找到.* 出题中所设的干扰项一般与文中的观点截

2、然相反,要么不符, 要么未涉及,相对简单排除.经常是无中生有,张冠李戴,以偏概全,扩大内容.2. 文章（段落）主旨大意题.Which is the best title of the passage. The writer thinks .The writer wants to tell us . The main idea of the passage is .* 切忌以点代面,以偏概全.文章的首尾句及各段的首尾句往往是探察全文内容的窗口,阅读时要学会找出文章的中心句.* 在阅读过程中,可通过略读来快速把握文章的中心,阅读时视阈要宽,紧抓对主题句的搜寻, 按意群进行阅读, 防止阅读中的出声、

3、 指读、复视、或停顿.3、推理判定题.此类题需要透过文章信息进行深化的分析、综合、归纳等推断, 需依据上下文及其内在联系对篇章进行深化的分析.如Fromthe second paragraph we know .* 在把握全篇的基础上,细读这一段.4、是非判定题Which of the following is NOT true.Which of the following descriptions about is right.* 干扰项经常是无中生有,张冠李戴,以偏概全,扩大内容5.词意句意题What does the word “”mean in paragraph 3.What doe

4、s the sentence “”really mean.In the last paragraph,“”means . What does the underlined word mean.* 学会猜词1依据构词法猜词义前缀或后缀 -ful（形容词后缀） , -less（无,没有,构成形容词）, -ly（副词后缀） , un-（不,非 ,未） ,dis-（相反,否定） re-重新可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料

5、_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师整理精华学问点appeardisappear, agree disagree, tieuntie, happyunhappy, careful, careless, hopehopeless, comfortableuncomfortable2依据上下文猜词义它和前后文有着必定的联系,只有把握作者的脉搏,理清规律链条,才能锁定生词的含义.（ 3）旧词新义现象.如： Australians put their shirt “tails”on the clothes line after washing, becaus

6、e they usually put them into their trousers.“tails”一词原意为“尾巴”,而在此处的意思为衬衫的“ ”.（ 4）依说明.Microscope is an instrumen（t工具） that makes small near objects seems larger.Microscope means . *有时我们能从生词的前后找到说明性的文字.B、解答阅读懂得题的基本步骤.1、第一快速通读全文（包括标题,图） ,明白文章大意.2、阅读问题,应特殊留意审题.3、带着问题细读文章,查找重要的解题信息.表达文重要信息包括人物who, 大事what,

7、时间 when,的点 where,起因 why ,经过 how,结果 what等.* 遇到个别词、句不明白,应大胆跳过向下读.4、据初步获得的信息,综合运用所学英语学问和有关文章的各种背景学问进行信息处理,仍应特殊留意文章各部分之间内在的联系和字面隐含的意思.5、分析的基础上选定答案.6、假如时间够用,可复读文章,验证答案.C、阅读技巧.1.略读法：快速阅读,明白大意,综合主题句,找出全文的主题思想.主题句的位置一般在句首或句末,也有在句中的.2.查读法：顾名思义是为查找某一特定信息而进行的阅读.3、借助跳读找细节,借助掠读找中心.4、全文中心表达的是各段之和.段落中心常与该段首句尾句相关.5

8、、干扰项或是远离文章内容,或是以偏概全.常见的干扰项：无中生有,张冠李戴,以偏概全,扩大内容.6、推测词义时,肯定要回到原文中,由于没有上下文就没有词义.7、推理判定题留意从文章作者立场动身,从短文中找答案, 而不是问你作为中同学的看法.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师整理精华学问点8、做题的关键是看清题目的要求, 读准的关键是分清句

9、子的结构和确认词性词义.9、留意表规律关系词：起承上启下的作用,说明前后文间的联系1表示先后次序的词有：first, second, third, finally 等.(2) 表示转折意义的词有：but, yet, though, however等.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_(3) 表示先因果关系的词有：because, fo,r(4) for example10、分析长句so that 等.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_长句中通常含并列、复合、倒装等结构,要分清主干,先找出句子的主谓宾,再找修饰语.1) She said the secret is t

10、o never put things off until tomorrow.主句宾语从句2) Environment clubs ask students to bring their their lunches in bags that can be used again.这句主干是Environment clubs ask students to bring their their lunches in bags. that can be used again是定语从句,修饰bags.全句可翻译为：环保俱乐部要求同学用可再次使用的袋子来带午饭.3) I didnt quite unders

11、tand how they got the books back so quickly until I picked up a book Grandma had left one day.本句的主干是 I didn t quite understanduntil I picked up a book（直到我捡到一本书我才明白）主干是：主句 + until 引导的时间状语从句.how they got the books back so quicky是宾语从句,作understand的宾语. that Grandma had left one day是定语从句,修饰a book.整句可翻译为：

12、直到有一天我捡到一本奶奶落下的一本书,我才明白他们是如何这么快的把书拿回.ADo you know why different animals or pests 昆虫 have their special colors.Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.Some birds like eating locusts 蝗虫, but birds cannot easily catch them. Why.It is because locusts change their colors together with

13、 the change of the colors of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and ap

14、pear only at night.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师整理精华学问点If you study the animal life, youll find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals mov

15、e quietly through forests. They cannot可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_be easily seen by hunters猎trees.人. This is because they have the colors much like the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Have you ever noticed an even stranger act. A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid 液体when it faces da

16、nger. While the liquid spreads over 散开, its enemies 敌人cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all.1.From the passage we learn that locusts .A. are small animalsB. are easily found by birdsC. are dangerous to their enemies D. change their co

17、lors to protect themselves 2.How can pests with different colors from plants keep out of danger.A. They run away quickly.B. They have the colors much like their enemies.C. They hide themselves by day and appear at night.D. They have to move quietly.3.Bears and lions can keep safe because .A. they ha

18、ve the colors much like the trees B. they move quietlyC. they like brown and gray colorsD. they live in forests 4.Why can the kind of fish live up to now.A. Because it is very and strong.B. Because the liquid it sends out can help it escape from its enemies.C. Because the liquid it sends out can kil

19、l its enemies.D. Because it swims faster than any other fish.5. Which is the best title for this passage.A. The Change of Colors for Animals and PestsB. Colors of Different Animals and PestsC. The Main Use of Colors for Animals and PestsD. Some Animals and Pests【解题思路点拨】这是一篇科技小品文.其主要内容是：很多昆虫的颜色十 分奇妙,

20、其主要用途是用来爱护自己. 蝗虫身体的颜色随庄稼颜色的转变而做相应变化,这样就不易被捕食它们的鸟儿发觉.有的动物与四周的植物颜色差别很明显,简单被捕食者察觉,只好夜间出来活动.更奇妙的是,有一种鱼,在遇到 危急时,会喷射出黑色液体,以爱护自己逃走.BIt s important to learn about protecting our environment. Here is a 5R rule for us:1. ReduceIf you want to reduce waste, you should use things wisely明 智的 . A largenumber of tr

21、ees are being cut down to make paper. If everyone uses a little paper carelessly and throw it out, soon we would not have any trees left. Other things are also being wasted, and people don t know what to do withinthbeigwcaistitees. So it is necessary to reduce the waste.2.Reuse可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资

22、料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师整理精华学问点You should always think of reusing the usable things before throwing them out. Give your clothes you do not use or the ones which too small to the poor. In a family, y

23、ou may pass on such clothes to younger brothers or sisters.3.RecycleBottles, cans 罐子 and paper can easily be recycled. By doing so we save lots of time and money. For example, coke cans are sent to a factory, where they are smashed flat 压平 and melted 融解 and the metal things are made for new coke can

24、s.4.RecoverWhen you buy a box of apples, there may be few rotten腐 烂的 apples, youhave two choices: one is to throw the whole apples away, or you could cut off the rotten parts and use the good parts. In this way, you are recovering the eatable parts of food.5.RepairIf one of the begs of your table is

25、 broken, you can repair it. If you want to change for better ones, it is better for you to sell the old things or give them to other people who can use them after doing some repair. It is true that North America is a“ throw-away” society, but the time has come to change our way of life so that we ca

26、nprotect our environment. Every one of us should try our best.1.The“Reduce” rule mainly requir要es求 us .A. to use things wiselyB. to cut down many treesC. to use a lot of paperD. to throw away your old clothes 2.Whats the right orde顺r 序 of recycling coke cans.a. collect the used cans b. melt themc. s

27、mash them flat d. send them to a factoryA. a b c d B. a d c b C. d b c a D. c a b d3.The“Recover” rule mainly requires us .A. to throw waste things away B. to cover waste things with earthC. to get back the useful parts D. to throw the whole things away 5.Which is the best way to do with your broken

28、 tables.A. Throwing them away. B. Requiring them.C. Selling them. D. Putting them away.【解题思路点拨】 对生存在的球上的人类来说,爱护环境是特别重要的. 这篇短文贴近生活,富有时代气息.全文具体介绍了“5R”方法的具体内容和做法. 对增强青少年同学的环保意识具有特别重要的意义.CGood evening, ladies and gentlemen, Im Roy , and this is myshow. This is a television show for all families, and I k

29、now youll enjoy it.Lets start with a story. Once there was a proud pig on a farm . He thought he was the most important of all the animals on the farm. But it was not enough that he himself thought this: he had to be sure that other animals thought it, too. So he wentup to a chicken and asked, “Who

30、isthe most important animal on the farm.”Thechicken answered, “You are, Mr. Pig . ”Then he asked a dog, and he got the same reply.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师整理精华学问点Next, he asked

31、a cow. When the cow seemed uncertained of the right answer, the pig looked angry, and showed his teeth, “Oh, you are, of course, Mr. Pig. ”said the cow. “Of course, ”the pig said, “there is no doubt about it.”At last the pig asked a big horse the samequestion. The horse lifted one foot, rolled the p

32、ig over and placed his foot on the pig s head. “I think you know the answer now.”said the horse.1. The Roy show is .A. a family show on TVB. for kids onlyC. a sports show2. When the pig asked a dog, the dog .A. said nothingB. said the pig was the most importantC. said the pig was as important as the

33、 horse3. The horse thought was the most important on the farm.A. he himselfB. the pigC. the cow4. The word “uncertained”means .人中意的A.相同的B. 未确认的C. 令5. Whats the best title of this passage. .A. A pig and a cowB. A farmC.Themost important animalDOne afternoon Mrs. Green hsusband wanted to catch the 3:3

34、0 flightto London tohave an important meeting. She was very surprised when he telephoned her at 5 o clock and said that he was still at the airport.“ What happened to you.” asked Mrs. Green.“ Well, ” said Mr. Green,“ Everything was going fine. Ikgeot,t cmhyectikced my luggage and waited in line at t

35、he gate. I walked across the runway to the airplane and I saw my friend Jack Scott, who was an airplane engineer. I shouted to him and apoliceman caught me.”“ Why did he catch you.”“ I don t know,” said Mr. Green,“heAhsesaordonmaysshout, he ran towards me and caught me.”“ What did you shout to your

36、friend.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_“ All I said was friends. ”ackHi,. JYou know that s the usual way wsaey hello to our可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_“ Butyou donkt now the sentence Hi,Jack a lso means to take control of a plane by force（武力） . ”1. How did Mr. Green want to go to London. .A. By trainB. By busC

37、. By airplane2. Why was Mrs. Green surprised. .A. Because her husband didnt arrived the airport in timeB. Because her husband was still at the airport a5t o clockC. Because her husband didnt want to go to London3. When did Mr. Green get to the airport that afternoon. .A. Before 3:30B. After 3:30C. A

38、t about 5:00可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师整理精华学问点4. What was Jack Scott in the passage. .A. He was a pilotB. He was a policeman at the airportC. He was an engineer5. According to the

39、 passage we know .A. Jack Scott asked Mr. Green not to fly to LondonB. Mr.Green wouldtake controlof a plane byforceC. The policemen mistook what Mr. Green saidEA famous foreign company in China wanted a Clerk for its public relation department 公关部 .A beautiful girl with a masters degree硕士学位 went thr

40、ough a lot of challenges and her name was on the list. In the final stage she faced an interview together -with another girl. Both of them were outstanding, not only in looks but also in education.The girl was successful in the interview. It seemed that she would get the chance. At last the examiner

41、 asked her, Can you come to the office next Monday. Shocked by the unexpected question, the beautiful girl couldnt make a decision at the moment, so she said, I have to talk with my parents before I give an answer. The examiner felt surprised but said calmly, If so, let s wait till you are ready. Th

42、e next day, the girl came to tell the examiner that her parents had agreed to let her begin work next Monday. But the examiner said regretfully遗憾的 , Sorry, another suitable candidate 选 手 has got the job. You had better try another place. The beautiful girl was surprised. She asked for an explanation

43、 说明 and was told,What is needed here is a person who knows her own mind. That was how a good opportunity right under the nose of a beautiful girl ran away.1. The beautiful girl wanted to ask her parents for advice becauseA. she didnt like the jobB. she didn etxpect the examiner would ask such a ques

44、tionC. she didnt want to answer the questionD. her parents would be angry if she didnt ask them2. We can learn from the passage thatA. the company lost its best clerkB. no girl got the jobC. the other girl who failed at the last interview might get the jobD. the examiner was very pleased with the gi

45、rl3. The examiner regardedas the most important.A. a persons confidenceB. a persons knowledge C. a persons age D. a person s beautiful looks4. The underlined phrase right under the nose of probably means A就在鼻子下B想要得到的C.没有把握的D就在眼前的5. The best title for the passage above might beA. Make Decisions With Your ParentsB. A Successful InterviewC. Use YourOwnMindD.Answer the Examiners Question Quickly可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - -