2022年虚拟语气用法归纳 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_虚拟语气用法归纳虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句,表达的是说话人的遗憾懊悔的语气,愿望以及建议, 命令,要求等等的情感, 往往说的是与事实相反或者没方法实现转变的东西. 虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情形做出假设后,有可能显现的情形.虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块,第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容.这一部分的虚拟语气主要表达在三个方面：基本用法,各自为政,以及含蓄之美.下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法：条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反的假设had donewould/could/might/shouldhave done与现在

2、事实相反的假设did was werewould/could/might/shoulddo与将来事实相反的假设did was were ; should do;would/could/might/shouldwere to dodo通常,在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式,从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一样的, 假如两者时间不一样, 此时就是混合型虚拟语气.混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”, 即从句和主句依据各自假设的时间不同,采纳上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式.如何“各自为政”了？这就像是数学里的排列组合,一边有三种情形,交叉一搭配就显现了好多种情形.不管怎样,我们要遵循一个原就

3、,就是“各自为政”.例如,从句是对过去情形的假设, 而主句就是对现在情形的假设,那我们在使用时,从句就用过去完成式,而主句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_要用 would/could do的形式.当然,也不是全部的 AB 配就是合理的, 有时候在详细语境下, 会显现冲突的情形, 这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判定他们是对什么情形的假设,挑选合适的形式. 一般而言, 主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后.由于是有这么一个条件才会显现主句的现状.因此在此类的完成句子练习中,我们要特殊提示留意时间状语的 示意1. If I had seen you, I would not be

4、 so worried now. 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. 从句和主句都是现在的假设4. Had you followed the doctors suggestion, you would be fine now.从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设5.

5、 If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.从句是对过去的假设,主句是对将来的假设6. You didn t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldnt be so tired now. 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设7. If Jack hadnt met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设 8. If Lilydidn t atten

6、dtoday s party,shecouldnothavethechancetoworkin the company next week. 从句是对现在的假设,主句是对将来的假设9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now.从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_10. If I were your mother, I would let you go out this weekend. 从句是对现在的假设,主句是对将来的假设 虚拟语气在

7、 if 引导的条件状语从句中, 特殊留意虚拟语气与倒装的结合,前提是省略if, 这种情形多见于过去和将来的假设,详细表现是将if 省略,把 had, were, should之类词语提前构成倒装.例如：Were I you, I would go.Should it happen, what should you do.Had he recognised me, he would have come over.虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气.由于有时假设的情形并不是以if 引导的条件从句形式显现, 而是通过一些短语等形式示意虚拟语气的存在,常用的词语有 without, but f

8、or, otherwise, or等等,此时我们可以从意思上推断出虚拟语气的时间考试时多数情形是对过去的假设 .But for your encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university.（过去）Without water, all lives would die.（现在）He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party.（过去）I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to

9、see you off.（过去）虚拟语气的其次模块就是含有should +V的用法,这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句,包括主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句,同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句.这一部分的词主要有常见的动词有advise,suggest,insist,order,require,recommend,command以及相关名词等等.记忆口诀：一个坚持insist ,两个命令 order, command ,三个建议 suggest,advise,recommend,四个要求 ask,require,demand,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_re

10、quest .1. 宾语从句的虚拟语气He insisted that the meeting be put off.The general ordered that all the soldiers should leave. He gives orders that the soldiers should leave.2. 表语从句的虚拟语气My suggestion is that we should stay here for a rest.3. 同位语从句的虚拟语气There is no suggestion that she should resign.4. 主语从句的虚拟语气主要

11、表达在It 做形式主语的三种情形：It s +p.p +that. It s + adj. +that . Its + n. +that常用的动词 recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require, suggest,command常 用 的 形 容 词 important,necessary,right,advisable,natural,strange,surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential常用的名词 duty, pity, no surpise, no wonde

12、r, shame, regret其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思Its important that you should take the medicine. Its a pity that you should refuse the invitation.Its essential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid. Its demanded that all the students should go to the playground. It was suggested that he should j

13、oin the club activities.5. It 为形式宾语的情形实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形,是以 it 为形式宾语的复合宾可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_语从句, it 后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词,常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词.I consider it vital that he should think deeply before acting. We think it necessary that the meeting should be put off.6. 某些词语如 suggest,insist等有双重含义,所以在使用的时候要留意什么时

14、候用虚拟语气,什么时候不用虚拟语气.Her smile suggested that she was in favor of the plan. We insisted that what the boy did was wrong.虚拟语气的第三大模块指的是虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用.句这些句式使用的虚拟语气与上面的虚拟语气会有所不同,主要有两种情形：I. would rather, Its time , for fear thatwould rather在使用时要留意它的不同用法.由于本身 would rather可以直接接动词原形,构成 would rather do sth. than

15、 do sth.else;或者 would do sth. rather than do sth.else.而虚拟语气的would rather是这样使用的 would rather sb. did对现在或将来的假设 / had done 对过去的假设 I would rather he didnt go now.They would rather they hadnt attended the party.Itsabouthightimethat 从句中常用过去式 有时也用 shoulddo,含建议的意思.汉语的意思为 “是该做 的时候了 ”,也等于 Its time for sb. to

16、do sth.Its high time that we went home.Its high time that we should go home. Its high time for us to go home.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_for fear that后面可以接虚拟语气should do ,也可以接其他语气,但依旧会有一个情态动词.I will not make a noise for fear that I should / might disturd you.II. wish+clause; as if/ though+ clause; If onl

17、y这三种情形的虚拟语气有点相像.wish 后的宾语从句, 谓语动词要用虚拟语气, 其形式主要有三种 wish sb. did 对现在的虚拟 ; wish sb. had done 对过去的虚拟 ; wish sb. would do 对将来的虚拟 .有时在对过去的虚拟时,也会显现 wish sb. would have done 的情形.I wish I knew what was going to happen. She wished she had stayed at home.I wish I would have seen her last night.此时要留意表示语气很强时用How

18、sb.Wish+clause,其用法同上.假如要用was依旧换成 were.How I wish I were a bird.as if/ though 显现的虚拟语气主要有两种情形：主句+as if/ though 引导的状语从句.seem/ look/ smell +as if/ though引导的表语从句.主句 +as if/ though 引导的状语从句：主句 +as if/ though+ 主语+did/ were 对现在的假设 .主句 +as if/ though+ 主语 +could/ would do 对将来的假设 .主句 +as if/ though+ 主语+had done 对过去的假设 seem/ look/ smell等的从句情形基本上和上面一样.She talks as if she knew everything.He behaved as if nothing had happened.留意不需要用虚拟语气的情形可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载