Accident Prevention & Accident Investigation.doc

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1、The ABCs of Construction Site SafetyThe ABCs Of Construction Site SafetyAbout this guideThis guide describes common hazards and various construction-related topics as they relate to safety and health.Keep in mind that the Oregon OSHA standards referenced in this guide are summarized and not every Or

2、egon OSHA standard is listed. Refer to the actual Oregon OSHA standard for the full text of requirements. Questions or comments?Contact Craig Hamelund, Oregon OSHA Education1750 NW Naito Pkwy. Ste. 112, Portland, OR 97209 (503) 229-5910 craig.hamelundstate.or.usContentsAccident Prevention and Accide

3、nt Investigation6Accident Prevention Responsibilities6Employer Responsibilities6Investigations of Injuries6Barricades and Other Traffic Control8Traffic Control8Vehicle Drivers and Riders8High Visibility Garments8Chemicals9Hazard Communication9Electrical11Branch circuits11Working Near Overhead High V

4、oltage Lines and Equipment11Fall Protection13General fall protection13Hand and power tools: guarding15Condition of tools15Guarding15Types of guarding15Health Hazards16Inspections18Safety Training and Education18Accident prevention responsibilities18Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)19Keeping The Site Clean20

5、General Safety and Health Provisions20Housekeeping20Sanitation (including toilets and drinking water)20General Requirements for Storage20Ladders (and Stairways)22Ladders22Training Requirements22Medical and First Aid24First Aid and Medical Attention24Medical Services and First Aid24Noise26Occupationa

6、l Noise Exposure26Organize a Safety Committee28Rules for Workplace Safety Committees and Safety Meetings28Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)29Personal Protective Equipment29Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment29Head Protection29High Visibility Garments30Qualified and Competent Persons31Rig

7、ging and Cranes32Rigging Equipment for Material Handling32Cranes and Derricks32Crane Operator Safety Training Requirements33Scaffolding34Manually Propelled Elevating Aerial Platforms34Boom Supported Elevating Work Platforms35Scissor Lifts Self-Propelled Elevating Work Platforms35Trenching and Excava

8、tions36Protection of employees in excavations37Unsafe Conditions and Practices38Vehicles and Mobile Equipment39Welding and Cutting41Hazards of welding and cutting41X-Ray and Other Radiation43Your Attitude45Zero Energy State (Lockout/Tagout)46Lockout and Tagging of Electrical Circuits46The Control of

9、 Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)46Vehicles for Highway and Road Operation Characteristics and Maintenance46Accident Prevention and Accident InvestigationAccident Prevention ResponsibilitiesSubdivision 3/C, 1926.20(b)It must be the responsibility of the employer to initiate and maintain such progra

10、ms as may be necessary to comply with Oregon OSHA construction safety and health standards.Such programs must provide for frequent and regular inspections of the job sites, materials, and equipment to be made by competent persons designated by the employers.The use of any machinery, tool, material,

11、or equipment which is not in compliance with any applicable requirement of this part is prohibited. Such machine, tool, material, or equipment must either be identified as unsafe by tagging or locking the controls to render them inoperable or must be physically removed from its place of operation.Th

12、e employer must permit only those employees qualified by training or experience to operate equipment and machinery.Employer ResponsibilitiesDivision 1, 437-001-0760(1)(a) The employer must see that workers are properly instructed and supervised in the safe operation of any machinery, tools, equipmen

13、t, process, or practice which they are authorized to use or apply. (b) The employer must take all reasonable means to require employees: To work and act in a safe and healthful manner; to conduct their work in compliance with all applicable safety and health rules; to use all means and methods that

14、are necessary to safely accomplish all work where employees are exposed to a hazard; and not to remove, displace, damage, destroy or carry off any safety device, guard, notice or warning provided for use in any employment or place of employment while such use is required by applicable safety and hea

15、lth rules.Investigations of InjuriesDiv 1, 437-001-0760(3)Each employer must investigate or cause to be investigated every lost time injury that workers suffer in connection with their employment, to determine the means that should be taken to prevent recurrence. The employer must promptly install a

16、ny safeguard or take any corrective measure indicated or found advisable.Any supervisors or persons in charge of work are held to be the agents of the employer in the discharge of their authorized duties, and are at all times responsible for:(A) The execution in a safe manner of the work under their

17、 supervision(B) The safe conduct of their crew while under their supervision(C) The safety of all workers under their supervisionBarricades and Other Traffic ControlTraffic ControlSubdivision 3/G, 437-003-0420 Adequate and appropriate traffic controls must be provided for all operations on or adjace

18、nt to a highway, street, or roadway. The traffic controls must conform to the Millennium Edition of the (FHWA) Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), December 2000.Signaling by flaggers and the use of flaggers, including warning garments worn by flaggers must conform to the Millennium Ed

19、ition of the (FHWA) Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), December 2000.Barricades for protection of employees must conform to the Millennium Edition of the (FHWA) Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), December 2000.Vehicle Drivers and RidersSubdivision 3/O, 437-003-3224(12

20、) Traffic Control. You must require employees to set up appropriate traffic controls when they stop on or adjacent to a highway, street, or road in a way that creates a hazard and when traffic cannot adjust safely on its own. The controls must conform to the Millennium Edition of the (FHWA) Manual o

21、f Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), December 2000.NOTE: Employers who follow the most current edition of the Oregon Temporary Traffic Control Handbook for Operations of 3 Days or Less comply with this requirement.High Visibility GarmentsSubdivision 3/C, 437-003-0128Employees exposed to hazard

22、s caused by on-highway type moving vehicles in construction zones and street/highway traffic must wear highly visible upper body garments. The colors must contrast with other colors in the area sufficiently to make the worker stand out. Colors equivalent to strong red, strong orange, strong yellow,

23、strong yellow-green or fluorescent versions of these colors are acceptable. During hours of darkness, the garments must also have reflective material visible from all sides for 1000 feet.NOTE: High visibility garments for flaggers must meet the requirements in Subdivision 3/G, 437-003-0420.Chemicals

24、Hazard CommunicationSubdivision 3/D, 1926.59Main components: Written hazard communication program Material safety data sheets Labels and other forms of warning Employee information and trainingAll employers must provide information to their employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they are e

25、xposed. The purpose of this Oregon OSHA standard is to ensure that the hazards of all chemicals are evaluated and the information is transmitted to employers and employees via a hazard communication program (HAZCOM).This standard applies to any hazardous chemical where employees may be exposed under

26、 normal conditions of use or in a foreseeable emergency. A “hazardous chemical is any chemical which presents a physical hazard or a health hazard.Health hazards produce acute or chronic health effects and include carcinogens, toxic agents, irritants, corrosives, and sensitizers. Physical hazards in

27、clude combustible liquids, compressed gases, explosives, flammables, organic peroxides, oxidizers, and unstable (reactive) agents.When employees of other employer(s) may be exposed to chemicals, the written program must include the methods the employer will use to provide the other employer(s) on-si

28、te access to material safety data sheets; the methods to inform the other employer(s) of any precautionary measures; and the methods to inform the other employer(s) of the labeling system used in the workplace.The employer must ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals in the workplace is la

29、beled, tagged or marked to identify the hazardous chemical(s) and appropriate hazard warnings.The employer must maintain copies of the required material safety data sheets for each hazardous chemical, and must ensure that they are readily accessible during each work shift to employees when they are

30、in their work area(s). Where employees must travel between workplaces during a workshift, i.e., their work is carried out at more than one geographical location, the material safety data sheets may be kept at the primary workplace facility. In this situation, the employer must ensure that employees

31、can immediately obtain the required information in an emergency.ElectricalSubdivision 3/K General Installation safety requirements Safety-related work practices (includes lockout/tagout) Safety-related maintenance and environmental considerations Safety requirements for special equipmentBranch circu

32、itsSubdivision 3/K, OAR 437-003-0404 (1) General. Use ground fault circuit interrupters specified in (2) below or an assured equipment grounding conductor program as in (3) below. These requirements are in addition to any other requirements for equipment grounding conductors.(2) All 125-volt, single

33、-phase, 15-, 20-, and 30-ampere receptacles on construction sites, that are for temporary power and are available for use by employees, must have approved ground-fault circuit interrupters.(a) GFI protection must be at the outlet end of the circuit. Extension cords or other devices with listed groun

34、d-fault circuit interrupter protection for personnel identified for portable are acceptable.(3) Assured equipment grounding conductor program: Receptacles more than 125-volt, singlephase, 30-amperes must have protection that complies with (2) above, or an assured equipment grounding conductor progra

35、m that complies with (a) through (f)Working Near Overhead High Voltage Lines and EquipmentSubdivision 3/K, 437-003-0047 (2) General requirement. Do not enter, perform any function of activity (such as handling, erecting, operating, transporting, or storing any tools, equipment or materials, moving a

36、 building or structure) within the restricted space surrounding an overhead high voltage line or equipment unless:(a) You are the owner, an authorized employee, or authorized (in writing) agent of the overhead high voltage system: or(b) Proper notification is provided; and (A) The line and/or equipm

37、ent is de-energized and visibly grounded by the owner of the high voltage system or their authorized agent; or (B) Accidental contact is effectively prevented by use of insulating barriers or guards.(c) Insulated lines (not tree wire) and equipment (designed and engineered to allow only incidental c

38、ontact) are erected or installed by the owner of the high voltage system or their authorized agent.Restricted Space: (a) For lines rated more than 600 V to 50 kV, restricted space extends 10 feet in all directions from the surface of the line or equipment. (b) For lines rated over 50 kV, restricted

39、space extends 10 feet plus 0.4 inch for each 1 kV over 50 kV, or twice the length of the insulator (but never less than 10 feet) in all directions from the surface of the line or equipment. (c) For equipment or structures in transit, on level surfaces, restricted space extends 4 feet in all directio

40、ns from lines or equipment rated 50 kV or less, 10 feet in all directions for lines or equipment rated over 50 kV, and 16 feet in all directions for lines or equipment rated over 345 kV up to and including 750 kV.Fall ProtectionSubdivision Div 3/M Scope, application, and definitions Duty to have fal

41、l protection (General fall protection) Fall protection systems criteria and practices Training requirementsGeneral fall protectionSubdivision 3/M, 437-003-1501 Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (1) through (4) below, when employees are exposed to a hazard of falling 10 feet or more to a low

42、er level, the employer must ensure that fall protection systems are provided, installed, and implemented.(1) Holes. Each employee on walking/working surfaces must be protected from falling through holes (including skylights) more than 6 feet above lower levels. Each employee on a walking/working sur

43、face must be protected from tripping in or stepping into or through holes (including skylights) by covers. Each employee on a walking/working surface must be protected from objects falling through holes (including skylights) by covers.(2) Wall openings. Each employee working on, at, above, or near w

44、all openings (including those with chutes attached) where the outside bottom edge of the wall opening is 6 feet or more above lower levels and the inside bottom edge of the wall opening is less than 39 inches above the walking/working surface, must be protected from falling.(3) Established floors, m

45、ezzanines, balconies and walkways. Each employee on established floors, mezzanines, balconies and walkways, with an unprotected side or edge 6 feet or more above a lower level, must be protected from falling.(4) Excavations. Each employee at the edge of an excavation 6 feet or more in depth must be

46、protected from falling when the excavations are not readily seen because of plant growth or other visual barrier. Each employee at the edge of a well, pit, shaft, and similar excavation 6 feet or more in depth must be protected from falling.Each employee must be protected from falls into or onto dan

47、gerous equipment, regardless of the fall distance.When an employee is exposed to falling objects, the employer must have each employee wear a hard hat and must implement an additional measure of protection such as erecting toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems; or erect a canopy structure; or bar

48、ricade the area and prohibit employees from entering the barricaded area.Remember, Subdivision 3/M is Oregon OSHAs general standard for fall protection. Other Oregon OSHA standards contain specific fall protection requirements that must be followed when those standards apply. Hand and power tools: guardingSubdivision 3/I General requirements Hand tools Power-operated hand tools Powder-actuated tools Abrasive wheels and tools Woodworkin