考研英语(19861991年)真题及标准答案—选自(1980)31年真题.doc

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1、考研英语(1986-1991年)真题及标准答案选自(1980-2010年)31年真题1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 11991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyIn each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)1. T

2、hey lost their way in the forest, and _ made matters worsewas that night began to fall.A thatB itC whatD which2. _ my return, I learned that Professor Smith had been at theMuseum and would not be back for several hours.A AtB OnC WithD During3. Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the

3、differencein the way boys and girls respond to _ situations.A similarB alikeC sameD likely4. There is not much time left; so Ill tell you about it _.A in detailB in briefC in shortD in all5. In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months beforethey are fully _.A admittedB acknowledged199

4、1年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 2C absorbedD considered6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened,_ a sudden loud noise.A being thereB should there beC there wasD there having been7. By the year 2000, scientists probably _ a cure for cancer.A will be discoveringB are discoveringC will

5、 have discoveredD have discovered8. Jim isnt _, but he did badly in the final exams lastsemester.A gloomyB dullC awkwardD tedious9. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming poolwithout his parents _.A commandB convictionC consentD compromise10. He had _ on the subject.A a rather s

6、trong opinionB rather strong opinionC rather the strong opinionD the rather strong opinion11. When Jane fell off the bike, the other children _.A were not able to help laughter1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 3B could not help but laughingC could not help laughingD could not help to laugh12. It is better to d

7、ie on ones feet than _.A living on ones kneesB live on ones kneesC on ones kneesD to live on ones knees13. The most important _ of his speech was that we should all workwholeheartedly for the people.A elementB spotC senseD point14. This watch is _ to all the other watches on the market.A superiorB a

8、dvantageousC superD beneficial15. In a typhoon, winds _ a speed greater than 120 kilometers perhour.A assumeB accomplishC attainD assemble16. _ the English examination I would have gone to the concertlast Sunday.A In spite ofB But forC Because ofD As for17. Mary _ my letter; otherwise she would have

9、 replied before now.1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 4A has receivedB ought to have receivedC couldnt have receivedD shouldnt have received18. _ to speak when the audience interrupted him.A Hardly had he begunB No sooner had he begunC Not until he beganD Scarcely did he begin19. Anna was reading a piece of sc

10、ience fiction, completely _ tothe outside world.A being lostB having lostC losingD lost20. The policemen went into action _ they heard the alarm.A promptlyB presentlyC quicklyD directly21. The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off thehighway.A vanishedB abandonedC scatteredD rejected22.

11、Dress warmly, _ youll catch cold.A on the contraryB or ratherC or elseD in no way23. Our research has focused on a drug which is so _ as to be able1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 5to change brain chemistry.A powerfulB influentialC monstrousD vigorous24. Bob was completely _ by the robbers disguise.A taken aw

12、ayB taken downC taken toD taken in25. Difficulties and hardships have _ the best qualities of theyoung geologist.A brought outB brought aboutC brought forthD brought up26. Our modern civilization must not be thought of as _ in a shortperiod of time.A being createdB to have been createdC having been

13、createdD to be created27. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to,if not more expensive than, _ at the other store.A anyoneB the othersC thatD the ones28. The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to_ the investment plan within a week.A work outB put

14、 outC make out D set out 1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 629. He knows little of mathematics, and _ of chemistry.A even moreB still lessC no lessD still more30. The students expected there _ more reviewing classes beforethe final exam.A isB beingC have beenD to beSection II Reading ComprehensionEach of the p

15、assages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)Text 1A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is

16、for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingred

17、ient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isnt hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.Of the many values that hold civilization together - honesty, kindness, and so on - accountabilit

18、y may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law - and, ultimately, no society.My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on p

19、eoples behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 7Fortunately there are still communities - smaller towns, usually - where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certa

20、in things are not tolerated - they simply are not done!”Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main

21、cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the c

22、hurch that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home.I dont believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endl

23、ess excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.31. What the wise man said suggests that _.A its unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilB its certa

24、in that evil will prevail if good men do nothing aboutitC its only natural for virtue to defeat evilD its desirable for good men to keep away from evil32. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime,_.A society is to be held responsibleB modern civilization is responsible for itC

25、 the criminal himself should bear the blameD the standards of living should be improved33. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have_.A less self-disciplineB better sense of disciplineC more mutual respect1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 8D less effective government34. The writer is sorr

26、y to have noticed that _.A people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsC todays society lacks sympathy for people in difficultyD people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminalactivities35. The key point of the passa

27、ge is that _.A stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesB more good examples should be set for people to followC more restrictions should be imposed on peoples behaviorD more people should accept the value of accountabilityText 2The period of adolescence, i.e., the period betw

28、een childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on societys definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged e

29、ducation coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of ones life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions cha

30、nge. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and sy

31、mbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitut

32、e such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, rig

33、hts, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 9 aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is

34、no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his so

35、cial status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a drivers license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a sol

36、dier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired

37、as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.36. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societiesbecause _.A the definition of m

38、aturity has changedB the industrialized society is more developedC more education is provided and laws against child labor are madeD ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognitionand symbolic significance37. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have givenplace to _.A

39、 graduations from schools and collegesB social recognitionC socio-economic statusD certain behavioral changes38. No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until heis _.A eleven years oldB sixteen years oldC twenty-one years oldD between twelve and twenty-one years old1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一

40、考试英语试题 1039. Starting from 22, _.A one will obtain more basic rightsB the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will haveC one wont get more basic rights than when he is 21D one will enjoy more rights granted by society40. According to the passage, it is true that _.A in the late 19th century

41、in the United States the dividing linebetween adolescence and adulthood no longer existedB no one can marry without the permission of his parents until theage of twenty-oneC one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has adrivers licenseD one is not free from the restrictions of child labor

42、 laws untilhe can join the armyText 3Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined. C. R. Barnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. Certain it is that all essential proce

43、sses of plant growth and development occur in water. The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root. They are carried to all parts of the growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while in

44、 a dissolved state. The carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air may enter the leafas a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form simple sugars - the base material from which the plant body is mainly built. Actively growing plant parts are generally 75

45、 to 90 percent water. Structural parts of plants, such as woody stems no longer actively growing, may have much less water than growing tissues.The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development. The processes

46、of photosynthesis, by which carbon dioxide and water are combined - in the presence of chlorophyll (叶绿素) and with energy derived from light - to form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant. This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of min