有关英语课堂用语的学习材料.doc

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1、有关英语课堂用语的学习材料 最近我在浏览天河部落时，屡次在一些贴子上看到了老师们常提到的关于老师的语言素养。其中提得最多的是课堂的组织需要老师用简单、清晰、准确和生动的语言，尤其是针对低、中年级的学生，显得特别重要。从而，自己在备课和上课，甚至在听课的过程中也会特别注意课堂用语的使用，使自己更深刻地意识到课堂用语在英语课中的重要性。恰好自己又看到了这一篇论文，关于英语教师课堂用语存在的问题及对策。下面是文中的一些观点： 一、课堂用语存在的问题 1、课堂用语不标准，说话错误多 教师的教学语言是学生学习的样板，要想培养学生正确使用语言的良好习惯，教师首先应当给学生作出典范，外语教师尤应如此。可惜课

2、堂上，一不小心就会出现一些不标准的语言： 词序不对Can you guess what does it mean? Can you guess what it means ? 词形不准 Lets see the two sentence. Lets see the two sentences. 搭配不对 Look at here. Look here. 语态不通 The letter a pronounces .The letter a is pronounced以上列举的各类错误，有些是因教师说话过快，而出现的种种口误。如名词的单复数，宾语从句的词序，动词短语的搭配等。 2、课堂用语不系统，

3、说话随意性大 教学大纲指出：为了使学生的英语与客观事物建立直接联系，提高英语教学效果，在英语教学中要尽量使用英语。 教师课堂用语随意性大，随意性的表现形式 讲中文不讲英文 再来一次。 看看哪个同学坐得最好。 家庭作业，89页第三题。 翻开书，翻到45 页。 半中文半英文 中文式的英文 Together answer. Give you five minutes to read the dialogue. 时而英文，时而中文。严格地讲，这些教师还没有养成用英语表达思想的语言习惯。 3、课堂用语不活泼，说话单调 语言的表达应该是丰富多采的。课堂上的表现情况不同，教师的评价语也应有层次变化。老用一个

4、词，老唱一种调，语言就乏味，也不利于调动学生的积极性，更不利于学生的口语开展。在课堂上我们经常听到如下一些千篇一律的用语。 如：表扬学生、 提示学生注意、提问学生是否理解、叫学生口译中文句子、任意一种场合都是 Good! Pay attention to .Understand? How to say .? OK, Right.以上列举的这些课堂用语在目前课堂上出现的频率相当高。一位广州特约教研员曾做过统计：一堂课中有一位教师说了240次OK。凑巧的是，笔者在一次听课中也发现了一位满口是OK的教师。15分钟的单词教学中他竟说了120次OK。在很多情景中，这些教师爱用的高频率词汇并没有错。然而，

5、情况是变化的。学生在课堂上的表现不同，我们的课堂用语也应该有所不同。例如对学生的答复做肯定的评价。教师可以说Thats it. Thats right. Good! Very good! Exactly! Great! Great job! Super! 等。根据学生的不同表现，教师使用不同的课堂语言。这样，学生才会因得到一个中肯、客观的评价，而受到鼓励和鼓舞。教师的课堂用语才会显得生动活泼。 4、课堂用语不通俗，说话费解 口语有别于书面语，用词要简单，说话要明了。对于外语教师来说，我们所讲的课堂用语要适合学生的实际水平，用学生熟悉的词汇来组织课堂教学。能用小词small word 流利地表达

6、思想是一门艺术。如：有一位老师在向学生解释think一词时，他的语言就值得我们借鉴： I see with my eyes .I hear with my ears. I walk with my legs. I speak with my mouth. I think with my head. 二、针对存在问题的对策 当然，对于开始用英语来组织课堂教学的我们non native-speaker teachers of English来说，出现了本文中提到的种种情况，是一个不可防止的阶段，但通过观察、分析和比拟，探究如何克服这些课堂用语中出现的毛病乃至最大限度地缩短这个课堂用语的中介语阶段，

7、是有必要的。为此，需要注意下面四个方面的问题。1、 端正认识 用英语组织教学，对于青年教师来说，有一定的根底。主要解决的是一个认识问题。要在思想上重视它，注意课堂用语的系统性、标准性、交际性和针对性。对于局部口语有一定的困难的中老年教师来说，用英语组织教学，首先要消除自卑感，在实践中树立自信心。先备好、讲熟最常用的课堂用语。在此根底上，日积月累，逐渐到达熟练的境地。 2、 处理好两个关系 首先是英语和母语的关系。课堂教学中一定要坚持尽量使用英语的原那么。利用学生已学的英语来解释或介绍新的教学内容，以便在真实的教学情景中增强学生运用英语的能力。但在教语法和讲解抽象名词时，可适当利用母语。用英语来

8、概括这个关系就是：Speak English if possible, speak Chinese if necessary. 其次是课堂用语中准确与流利的关系。准确指的是我们用语言表达思想的正确程度包括语音、语法、用词和语体的正确；而流利那么是指我们表达思想时的流利性。长期以来，教师对学生口语练习中出现的错误，是有错必纠。过分强调语言形式的掌握及语言准确的训练，使不少学生因怕讲错而不敢开口。与此相反，我们不少教师的课堂用语那么是流利有余，而准确缺乏。在听课中，我们发现局部教师的课堂用语听起来似乎很流利。但语音、语法错误，逻辑性的错误却比比皆是。有些低级错误甚至连听课的学生也能指出来。这种以牺

9、牲语言表达的准确性，来追求流利的现象当然不可取。因为，教师的不标准语言直接影响学生的理解和领悟程度。 3、 扩大课堂用语的交际性 课堂用语的交际性，目前还远远没有表达出来。不少教师把课堂用语的使用仅仅局限在少数几句课堂用语中。不敢越雷池半步。放弃了许多师生可以用英语进行交际的时机。例如，上课前如果发现班上新添了一面球赛锦旗，教师就可以用英语向学生了解球赛的简单情况，并向学生表示祝贺。又如，教师找到了一本好的工具书，就可以用英语向学生简要地推介或答复学生的提问。有些教师担忧学生的水平还不够。其实，学生对这种真实的言语交际活动很感兴趣。关键是教师敢不敢于挑战自己，有没有这种扩大言语交际的意识。还有

10、一些教师担忧这样做会影响教学进度。从教学目的是交流的观点来看，这种担忧也是多余的。最新的理论说明，真实的语言交际活动是学生认知语言的重要渠道。 4、 虚心学习，敢于实践 对于我们每一位英语教师来说，课堂用语所追求的不是最好，而是更好。几乎每一位教师都面临一个学习-实践-提高的问题。那么，怎样提高我们教师自身的口语表达能力呢？笔者认为，一要虚心学习，二要敢于实践。虚心学习，首先指的是向书本学习。课堂用语涉及到英语教学体系和专业知识分类的框架。不读一些专业的书籍和刊物，不熟悉一些课堂用语词汇，课堂上就会出现讲外行话的现象。其次，要向他人学习，向那些课堂用语讲得准确、流利的老师学习。特别要争取时机听

11、外籍教师的课，注意他们在不同的课堂情景中的语言表达方式。还可以有目的地收看教育电视台播放的优秀课例，注意从教学效果的角度揣摩其课堂语言特点，从中吸取养分提高自己的课堂用语水平。除了虚心学习，还要大胆实践。把学到的东西运用到自己的课堂教学中来。这样，也只有这样，我们的课堂用语才会标准、流畅、富有变化。 三、 结束语 根据教育学理论，教师的语言能力，尤其是课堂组织教学中使用的语言能力，将在很大程度上决定教师课堂教学的效果。由应试教育向全面素质教育转变，从某种意义上来说，关键是提高教师的素质。一个外语教师课堂语言质量实际上就是教师根本素质的缩影，让我们不断提高自己的语言使用能力，为把自身素质提高到一

12、个更新的层次而努力吧。1. Lets start now./Lets begin our class/lesson. 我们开始上课吧。 4. Is everyone here? 都到齐了吗？ 5. Dont be late next time.下次别迟到。 6. Go back to your seat, please. 请回到你的座位。 7. Ready? /Are you ready?准备好了吗？ 8. Listen carefully, please.请听仔细了。 9. Listen to the tape recorder/the recording.请听录音。 10. In pair

13、s, please.两人一组进行练习。 11.Lets do it one by one.我们一个一个地做。 12. Now you, please./Its your turn now.现在该你了。 13. Think it over and try again.仔细想想，再试一次。 14. Say/ Read after me, please.请跟着我说/读。 15. In English,please.请用英语答复。 16. Please take out your books.请把你们的书拿出来。 17. Please answer my question(s).请答复我的问题。 18

14、. Please stop now./Stop now, please./Stop here,please.请停下来。 19. Stop talking./Stop talking now,please.请不要讲话了。 20. Time is up.下课时间到了。课堂常规用语 一、 打招呼Greetings Good morning, class. Good afternoon, class 4. Good morning, everybody. Good afternoon, everyone. Good morning, boys and girls. Good afternoon, ch

15、ildren. How are you all today? Are you all well this morning? 打招呼之后，可以增加一两句(Beginning a chat) Well, did you have a good weekend? Well, did you enjoy the holiday? Well, what did you do yesterday evening? Tell me what you did at the weekend? 谈谈学生衣着发型也可以： Oh, youve got a new dress on. Its very nice. Oh

16、, youve got a new hair style. 二、考勤(Checking attendance) 1点名 Right ! Im going to call the row. OK ! Listen while I call your names. Now ! Ill take the register. Quiet f now, please. Listen while I see if youre all here. 2问缺席情况 Now ! Lets see whos absent. Right ! Lets see if anyones away. Is anybody a

17、bsent? Is everybody here? 3. 照顾新生 Oh, are you new? OK, are you a pupil? You have just come to this class (school), havent you? Where do you come from? Whats your name? Do you like the school? Welcome to our class. 4. 谈缺勤原因 Wheres Wang Hai? Does anyone know where Li is? Can anyone tell me where Liu h

18、as gone? Who knows when he will be back? Han Meimei is ill today, isnt she? 5. 照顾病愈者 You were absent for three lessons last week. Did you catch a cold? Oh, Im sorry. Youll catch up l wont you? Dont worry. Youve been absent for days, havent you? You were away last lesson, werent you? What was the mat

19、ter? Why were you away? Are you better? How are you feeling now? Do you feel better? Well, Jane, ask your friends to help you. OK, youd better ask your neighbour to tell you what weve done. Come and see me after the lesson, OK? 三介绍 Now, let me introduce myself. Ill just tell you a bit about myself.

20、My name is., spelt. Ive been teaching in the school for 1O years. I come from Shanghai. I worked for a newspaper until last year. And what about you? Will you introduce yourselves? 四开始谈话 T: I went to the Summer Palace (引出话题) Yesterday. Did any of you go? No?. Well, (无人答复，问某一学生) What did you do, -. e

21、r. Zhang Hong. Zhang:. er. I-. - er. -. in home. (学生响应断断续续) T: Oh, you stayed at home. (“搭救“说话的学生 ) Zhang: Yes, I stay at home. T: OK, you stayed at home. (暗中纠正时态) What did you do then? Zhang:. TV. T: Oh, you watched television 9 didnt you? Which programme? (继续问下去困难，可就此打住 ) 有关用语还有: Tell me what you

22、did 1ast night. Will you te11 me a bit about your weekend? Could you tell us more about the programme? How did you like yesterdays party? 五建议 (Suggesting) Lets go through the text. Could you open your textbook and find Ex. 5 on page 45? Could you take out the cards? Will you all think of some questi

23、ons to ask each other? Will you get together in groups and discuss the idea? Try to think it out for yourself. Lets work out how you could plan your piece of writing. Now youve answered all the questions in full. You need to say a bit more about that. Youd better get that right. 六提起注意 (Directing stu

24、dents attention) Quiet, now, please. Lets work in pairs. Will you face the people in front of you? Fine. Look again carefully. Are you ready to listen? Are you all listening? OK, then. Now then something new! Lets change the topic. That was quite good, lets do it once more. 七请求(Making polite request

25、s) Could you possibly plug the cassette player in for me? Can you check thetch is on? Will you go and fetch some chalk? Will you find the wall charts? Has anybody seen the stick/tape/drawing pins? Please could you put it up here? Please would you mind cleaning the board? 八指导 (Giving instructions) 1.

26、 纠正语音 Youd better listen again. Will you listen carefully? Now listen to the sound a:.Not a , like this - you try. Dont forget its not a in and. Now listen. Theres something different, Whats different? Listen. 2. 启发思路 Suppose a friend needs advice on the subject- You could agree with the other perso

27、n and say something else. You may ask the reason. Shal1 1 demonstrate? Keep to the same pattern, OK? What do you think the author will say next? Ill give you a cue. Its something to do with -. Let me give you some help. When did the man use the word? 3. 介绍方法 Youd better put them together- Ask each o

28、ther questions to find out what is different. Look at the sentence before and see if you can guess. You sort out these sentences, then copy them, taking care with capital letters. You fill the blanks in these sentences, then write them neatly. 4. 示范动作 Look at what Im doing. You may do as I do. Pleas

29、e look at my mouth, like this -. 九 宣告 (Announcements) 1宣布教学方案 Today were going to do three main things. First l Im going to introduce a few new words about weather. Then youre going to write a dialogue and act it out. After that, we are going to learn a new song. 2. 宣布某些事项 I have something to tell y

30、ou before you go. Theres a club meeting on Saturday. If you want to attend it, please write your name on thispiece of paper. 3. 宣布教学工程 Well, now, were going to practise a short dialogue. l want to introduce to you a new programme now. 十解释 (Explaining) Listen to me and Ill explain the meaning of the

31、word. Let me use the picture to show its meaning. The word ends in tion so it must be a noun- Lets see if you can guess. Ill give you an example: -. We can use this sentence to express -. What does it mean in the context? Its clear that the man used it to blame the boy. Look at the picture here- The

32、 man is standing by the window. Perhaps he is interested in What is happening in the street. What might happen in a few minutes? The boy is getting angry with Mary. There are three people sitting by the river. They are looking at the ship. The ship is very beautiful. 十一禁止 (Forbidding) T: OK t everyb

33、ody. Quiet now please! No more talking. Wang Hai, stop chatting now. And you, Li Guang! Whose turn is it? S: Its my turn. (教学继续进行.) No talking! No chatting Stop making a noise. Without disturbing the others. No more shouting ! 客气一些： Please will you stop interrupting the others J Would you mind not w

34、hispering? 严重一些： Therell be trouble if you go on disturbing the others Ill report you to Miss Zhou if you go on being silly ! 更严重些: You shouldnt be have (be behaving) like that! Why are you passing notes? You cant copy ! Do it on your own ! No dreaming1 Wake up! - Stop turning round ! 训练中禁止 No writi

35、ng while Im talking. Dont move your lips while (youre) reading. No, Wang Hai, thats not the way to learn English properly No, Han Meimei, its not good to do pair practice like that- Youre doing it the wrong way. 十二指命 (Issuing a command) By yourself. This is practice for the exam. Books closed. Back

36、into groups, each person can say it in turn. You work in twos with two pictures. Silence. Quiet please. Stop now. Watch how I write it. Watch how to do it. Now, turn round, face the back ) without looking at the board. 十三警告(Warning) Careful. This is a hard sentence- Dont forget to write neatly. Make

37、 sure your spaces between words are clear. See that your Us are different from your v s. Copy them taking care with spelling. Watch your punctuation. 十四、评价 (Evaluating) Wonderful ! Good ! Very good J That was good. Not bad- Well done. That was a little better, but. Thats much better, but you forgot

38、something when you pronounced Dont you think you have made a little progress? Nearly right, but youd better. That was not quite right, you didnt. That doesnt sound very good. Not really ! /Not quite! /Watch me and Ill show you. 教学过程用语 作者: 佚 名 课堂过程用语 一、 开始课堂教学(Beginning the lesson) Now, who can remem

39、ber what we did last lesson? Well, can any of you tell me what we practised last time? OK, l want a student to tell us what we learned/read about/used last lesson. Remember? Do you remember these pictures? We used the pictures and the cards, didnt we? We practised a talk about sports, right? Lets go

40、 over it again. Lets read the sentences once more. What about having another practice? How about revising them once more? 二、宣布教学方案 (Announcing the teaching pIan) first/first of all/and then/later (on)/after that/finally/by the end of-. - etc. one. . /two. /three. /four. Practise a dialogue Learn som

41、ething now Do some read ing / w rit ing / note tak ing Have some conversation practice Do some role play in a few minutes/half way through the lesson/when weve finished. /near the end of the lesson/at the end of the lesson if we have enough time/if time permits/if theres time/perhaps we may spend a

42、few minutes on. By the end of the lesson youll be able to talk about agreements and disagreements. Youll have learnt how to give people advice. Youll have had practice in writing a letter asking for help. Youll be able to use the present perfect tense for checking up. 三、组织课堂教学(Getting organized) Wou

43、ld you move your chairs in (up, back, etc. ) ? Could you three move your desks forward l please? Will you both move your table this way please? Would you mind straightening the chairs please? Do you mind moving back a bit? Will you make a bigger space here? Could you possibly arrange yourselves to m

44、ake a group of 3 (4 ， 6, 8, etc. ) ? If you could arrange yourselves to form a group of 5. -. Please would you arrange your chairs in 3 (4, 5 t etc- )? Would you find the handouts we were using last week please? Could you get out the polycopies you had last time please? Will you take out the workshe

45、ets you began yesterday please? Lets find the passage we were reading last lesson. Put your other books away, please. No others! Thats all. We dont need these pictures. Will you put them away? Not that book. The other one. Yes, the red one. Ready ! Now we can start. Havent you brought yours? Well, youll have to share with your neighbour. Have you lost yours? Well, you may share with Li Lei. Havent you got yours? Forgotten? Well, you should use mine, but dont forget next time. I have some papers to give out now. I have some new books to give out today. Here are some