中国医科大学2014年7月考试《病理生理学》考查课试题（Chinese medical university in July 2014, the exam of pathophysiology examination）.doc

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1、中国医科大学2021年7月考试?病理生理学?考查课试题Chinese medical university in July 2021, the exam of pathophysiology examinationChinese medical university in July 2021, the exam of pathophysiology examinationTotal score: 100 test time: -Single topic selectionShort-answer questionsEssay questionsSubjective fill-in-the-bl

2、ank(20 test questions, 20 points.)1. The mechanism of the occurrence of multiple urine in ARF polyuresisA. glomerular filtration function recoveryB. newborn renal tubules are immatureC. Renal tubule obstruction alleviatedD. permeable diuresisE. GFR increasedFull mark: 1Answer: B2. The adverse effect

3、 of sympathetic adrenal medullary system stimulation on the body during stressA. suppress the thyroid axisB. Elevated blood glucoseC. Promote protein glycosidiogenesisD. Slow growthE. gastrointestinal ischemiaFull mark: 1Answer: E3. which of the following factors is most closely associated with the

4、occurrence of obstetric accidents?A. the blood is in A high state of coagulationB. Mononuclear phagocytic cell system function is lowC. microcirculation of blood is stagnantD. Increased activity of fibrinolytic systemE. Increased concentrations of coagulant substances in bloodFull mark: 1Answer: A,4

5、. The most characteristic change in arterial blood is the lack of oxygen in the respiratory functionA. oxygen capacity decreasesB. the pressure of oxygen is reducedC. decreased oxygen contentD. Decreased oxygen saturationE. oxygen is moving to the right of the curveFull mark: 1Answer: BWhich of the

6、following is not the cause of respiratory acidosisA. respiratory central paralysisB. respiratory muscle paralysisC. Airway obstructionD. hypoxemiaE. pneumothoraxFull mark: 1Answer: E6. The center of ARF isA. Urinuria of renal tubulesB. Tubular obstructionC. Blood clotting in renal capillariesD. GFR

7、lowerE. renal tubular epithelial cell necrosisFull mark: 1Answer: D7. The sympathetic - adrenal medullary system in hemorrhagic shockA. always excitedB. Excited, then suppressed, and eventually depletedC. SuppressedD. Suppress first, then excitementE. Get excited, then suppress, and then get excited

8、Full mark: 1Answer: B8. The following clinical manifestations of shock are falseA. irritability or lack of expression or even comaB. Shortness of breath and rapid pulseC. the blood pressure droppedD. Pale or purpleE. Little or no urineFull mark: 1Answer: B9. In acute respiratory acidosis, the main c

9、ompensatory mode of the body isA. Extracellular bufferB. Compensation regulation of the lungsC. Intracellular bufferD. bone bufferE. renal compensatory regulationFull mark: 1Answer: E10. hyponatremia is the lower concentration of blood sodiumA. tendency for 120 LB. tendency for 130 LC. tendency for

10、140 LD. the tendency for L 150E. tendency for 160 LFull mark: 1Answer: BWhich of the following is the clinical manifestation of a higher temperature riseA. Cold or coldB. conscious heatC. the lips are more dryD. a sweatE. dehydrationFull mark: 1Answer: C12. the normal neurotransmitters of phenylethy

11、lamine and hydroxyphenolamine in the chemical structure are the normal neurotransmittersA. serotonin and dopamineB. Norepinephrine and dopamineC. adrenalin and norepinephrineD. Acetylcholine and phenylethylamineE. glutamic acid and glutamineFull mark: 1Answer: B13. Main research on etiologyA. Genera

12、l rules of disease occurrenceB. causes and conditions of disease occurrenceC. causes of diseaseD. Conditions of disease occurrenceE. basic mechanisms for the development of diseaseFull mark: 1Answer: BThe following substances are endogenous pyrogenA. This cholanoloneB. IL - 6C. exotoxinD. Antigen an

13、tibody complexE. endotoxinFull mark: 1Answer: B15. The hypoxia caused by chronic emphysema belongs toA. blood oxygen deprivationB. HypoxiaC. Toxic oxygen depletion in tissuesD.Cyclic hypoxiaE. None of the aboveFull mark: 1Answer: E16. Which of the following causes the oxygen to move to the right of

14、the curveA. 2, 3 - DPG concentration increasedB. Blood H + decreasedC. Decreased blood CO2 pressureD. the blood temperature decreasedE. hypokalemiaFull mark: 1Answer: A,Which of the following is also known as hypertonic dehydrationA. High capacity hyponatremiaB. Low-volume hypernatremiaC. Low capaci

15、ty hyponatremiaD. high volume hyponatremiaE. hyperkalaemiaFull mark: 1Answer: E18. which of the following is not a clinical manifestation of the inadequacy of cardiac output during heart failure?A. skin cyanosisB. Decreased urine volumeC. difficulty breathingD. Cardiogenic shockE. fatigueFull mark:

16、1Answer: CStress-related illnesses areA. primary hypertensionB. stress ulcersC. coronary heart disease (CHD)D. albinoE. PTSDFull mark: 1Answer: D20. which of the following is an indicator of respiratory factorsA. AGB. Arterial CO2 partial pressureC. buffer baseD. residual alkaliE. Standard bicarbona

17、teFull mark: 1Answer: EChinese medical university in July 2021, the exam of pathophysiology examinationTotal score: 100 test time: -Single topic selectionShort-answer questionsEssay questionsSubjective fill-in-the-blankThe short answer (a total of 5 questions, 20 points)1. acute phase responseA: som

18、e changes in serum composition can occur in the short time (hours to days) after the stress, such as infection, inflammation and tissue damage, is used in the bodyFull marks: 4 pointsIschemia - reperfusion injuryAnswer: the main cause of fatal diseases, such as coronary arteriosclerosis resulting in

19、 myocardial infarction, stroke, etc. In the process of rescue and treatment of ischemic diseases, doctors gradually found that the main factors that cause damage to an organization, not ischemia itself, but rather to restore blood supply, the excess free radicals attack this part to regain the blood

20、 supply of cells within the organization, this kind of injury, is called tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury.Full marks: 4Heat shock proteinA: there is a wide range of hot emergency proteins from bacteria to mammals. When an organism is exposed to high temperatures, it is the heat that triggers the s

21、ynthesis of such proteins to protect the organism itself. Many heat shock proteins have molecular activity.Full marks: 4 points4. respiratory acidosisA: the characteristic of respiratory acid poisoning is the decrease of CO2 accumulation and PH in the body. The main reason is the decrease of air ven

22、tilation function in the lung; It can be seen in respiratory obstruction, pneumonia, atelectasis, thoracic abdominal surgery, trauma, etc. The basic method of treatment is to remove the obstruction of the respiratory tract and improve the ventilation function.Full marks: 4 points5. laboring breathin

23、g difficultiesA: patients with mild heart failure have difficulty breathing during physical activity and disappear after restFull marks: 4 pointsChinese medical university in July 2021, the exam of pathophysiology examinationTotal score: 100 test time: -Single topic selectionShort-answer questionsEs

24、say questionsSubjective fill-in-the-blank(5 questions, 50 points.)1. briefly describe the mechanism of the stress ulcer.A: A gastric mucosa ischemia: this is the most basic condition of stress ulcer formation. Due to the increase of catecholamine in stress, the blood flow decreased and the intestina

25、l mucosa ischemia, and the degree of ischemia of the mucosa was positively correlated with the degree of lesion. Mucosa ischemia make epithelial cell energy is insufficient, does not produce enough bicarbonate and mucus, made by the close connection between mucosal epithelial cells and bicarbonate -

26、 covered parts of the mucosal surface mucous layer medical education net collection of damage of gastric mucosa, gastric cavity of H + suitable concentration difference into the mucous membrane, and the decrease of mucosal blood flow cant invade the mucous membrane of H + away in time,The accumulati

27、on of H + in the mucosa causes damage.The reverse dispersion of H + in the stomach cavity is the necessary condition for the formation of a stress ulcer. The higher the H + concentration in the stomach cavity, the more often the mucous mucous lesion, if the pH in the stomach cavity is above 3.5, doe

28、s not form a stress ulcer. At present, the decrease of pH in the mucosa mainly depends on the ratio of H + to mucosal dispersion in the stomach cavity and the blood flow of the mucosa. In gastric mucosal blood flow perfusion good cases, reverse diffusion to excess H + can be inside mucosal blood flo

29、w of HCO3 - and/or be carry away, thus preventing the H + damage to cells, on the contrary, in trauma, shock and stress state, gastric mucosal blood flow decreased, even reverse diffusion to the mucous membrane in the amount of H + in the few, also will make the mucous membrane in pH decreases signi

30、ficantly, leading to cell damage.C. Other secondary factors may also be involved in the pathogenesis of stress ulcers. In acid poisoning, the blood flow to the mucosal H + has low buffer ability, which can promote the occurrence of stress ulcer. The gastric mucosal ischemia of the bile reflux can da

31、mage the barrier function of the mucosa and increase the permeability of the mucosa. If there is no bleeding or perforation of the stress ulcer, after the primary disease has been controlled, it usually healed completely within a few days without leaving any scar.Full score: 10 points2. The mechanis

32、m of renal anemia.A: when start damaged renal function, chronic kidney disease patient is produced by the kidney secretion of erythropoietin total amount will not be enough to meet the needs of the body, and become one of the most main reason to cause renal anemia. In addition, chronic renal insuffi

33、ciency and uremia patients, piling up inside the body to metabolize the toxins, reduced survival time of red blood cells; iron intake reduced and iron loss increase, red blood cell synthesis; long-term chronic kidney disease patients to control the intake of protein, and urinary protein is flowing f

34、rom the patient loss; chronic kidney disease patients occurred more bleeding tendency; these conditions are likely to lead to chronic kidney disease patients in renal anemia.Full score: 10 points3. describe the bleeding mechanism of DIC patients.A: the consumption of coagulant substancesIn DIC devel

35、opment process, a variety of blood coagulation factors and platelets mass consumption, especially fibrinogen, prothrombin factor , , , generally reduce platelet. Therefore, some people have referred to DIC as consumptive coagulopathy. At this time. The clotting process is hampered by a large reducti

36、on in coagulation.(2) activation of fibrinolytic systemDIC is activated by coagulation system and is often activated by secondary fibrinolytic system. This is mainly because in the process of coagulation, through enzymatic activation (protease effect caused by enzymatic hydrolysis) formed by a f, f

37、the kallikrein into kallikrein, which make the fibrinolytic enzyme into a fibrinolytic enzyme. Some organs containing plasminogen activators (such as the uterus, prostate, lungs, etc.) activate the fibrinolytic system by releasing blood into the blood when the blood is degenerative. The endothelial

38、cells are damaged, hypoxia, stress, etc., and they also activate the fibrinolytic system, which leads to the increase of fibrinolysin. Fibrinolytic enzyme except can make fibrin degradation (original), still can hydrolysis clotting factors, and thrombin original, etc., so the further reduce clotting

39、 factors, that cause clotting disorders and hemorrhage.Full score: 10 points4.A: this period of microcirculation blood rheology has certainly changed: the blood flow velocity slowed significantly, red blood cell and platelet aggregation, leukocyte rolling, stick a wall, embedded plug, increased bloo

40、d viscosity, blood mud (sludge) clogged, microcirculation blood, tissue perfusion flow further reduce, oxygen is more serious. This is because after entering this, disappear entrails microcirculation blood vessels in the exercise self-discipline, micro arteries, the arteries and capillaries first mu

41、scle contractility weakened and even expand, a large number of blood chung man really capillary network. The microvenous is also manifested as dilation,However, due to the slow flow of blood flow and the insertion of cells, the resistance of the microcirculation outflow tract increases, and the resi

42、stance of capillary is greater than that of the former resistance.Full score: 10 pointsThe mechanism of hypoxia induced by carbon monoxide poisoning.A: after inhalation of carbon dioxide, the blood and hemoglobin (Hb) of the alveolar wall is combined into a carbon oxygen hemoglobin (cOHb). In the ca

43、se of Hb, the affinity of the broad co and Hb is 240 times greater than oxygen, and the COHb dissociation is 3600 times slower than normal Hb. Therefore, when co is competing with oxygen in the blood, most of the hemoglobin is COHb. CoHbs ability to carry oxygen is poor, causing hypoxia in the tissu

44、e, while coHb is left to the left of the curve, and the blood oxygen is not easy to release the oxygen.Full score: 10 pointsChinese medical university in July 2021, the exam of pathophysiology examinationTotal score: 100 test time: -Single topic selectionShort-answer questionsEssay questionsSubjecti

45、ve fill-in-the-blankSubjective fill-in-the-blanks (4 test questions, 10 points)1. Central airway obstruction is located in the chest, which usually causes breathing difficulties.The test scores: 1 point1Answer: (expiratory)2. The concentration of blood phosphorus in patients with chronic renal failu

46、re and blood calcium concentration.Full marks: 2 points1No. 2, full score: 1(increase) (decrease)3. Pulmonary ventilation dysfunction includes and.A full mark: 3 points1No. 2, full score: 1No. 3:1(dispersion barrier) (dissection of ventilation and blood flow) (increased dissection)4. The major internal environmental disorders of ARF are found in and.The test scores: 4 points1No. 2, full score: 1No. 3:1No. 4:1Answer: water sodium retention electrolyte disorder met