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1、医院评审院感相关知识试题医务人员一、问答题1、什么是标准预防? 认定病人的血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物均有传染性,须进行隔离,不管是否有明显的血迹污染或是否接触非完整的皮肤与粘膜,接触上述物质者,必须采取防护措施。2、标准预防根本特点是什么? 1既要防止血源性疾病的传播,也要防止非血源性疾病的传播;2强调双向防护,既防止疾病从病人传至医务人员,又防止疾病从医务人员传向病人;3根据疾病的主要传播途径,采取相应的隔离措施,包括接触隔离、空气隔离和微粒隔离。3什么是保护性隔离措施? 保护性隔离措施:是指为预防高度易感病人受到来自其它病人、医务人员、探视者及病区环境中各种条件致病微生物的感染,而采取的隔
2、离措施。4、什么是医院感染? 是指住院病人在医院内获得的感染,包括在住院期间发生的感染和在医院内获得出院后发生的感染;但不包括入院前已开始或入院时已处于潜伏期的感染。医院工作人员在医院内获得的感染也属院内感染。5、三级医院的感染率,类切口感染率的标准各是多少?我院医院感染率是多少? 感染率8,类切口感染率0.5%。我院医院感染率约1.6%左右。6院感的三级管理组织的结构是怎样的? 院感委员会,院感管理办公室,科室感染管理小组。7洗手的指征?(1) 直接接触病人前后,接触不同病人之间,从同一病人身体的污染部位移动到清洁部位时,接触特殊易感病人前后;(2) 接触病人黏膜、破损皮肤或伤口前后,接触病
3、人的血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物、伤口敷料之后;(3) 穿脱隔离衣前后,摘手套后;(4) 进行无菌操作前后,处理清洁、无菌物品之前,处理污染物品之后;(5) 手有可见的污染物或者被病人的血液、体液污染后;(6) 进入或离开病房前;(7) 处理药物或配餐前。8手消毒指征?(1) 检查、治疗、护理免疫功能低下的病人之前;(2) 出入隔离病房、重症监护病房、烧伤病房、新生儿重症病房和传染病病房等医院感染重点部门前后;(3) 接触具有传染性的血液、体液和分泌物以及被传染性致病微生物污染的物品后;(4) 双手直接为传染病病人进行检查、治疗、护理或处理传染病人污物之后;(5) 需双手保持较长时间抗菌活性时。
4、9医务人员手卫生合格标准卫生手消毒,监测的细菌菌落数应10cfu/cm2。外科手消毒,监测的细菌菌落数应5cfu/cm2。11医院感染爆发报告的内容有哪些?1出现以下情况时,主管医生立即报告科主任,科主任调查后立即上报医务处、感染管理办公室,并记录备查;临床医生短时间内发现3例及3例以上临床症候相似、疑心有共同感染源和感染途径的感染病例;或者发现3例以上同种同源感染病例;临床医生发现1例无菌手术感染者;某病区多重耐药菌3株或3株以上者;细菌室发现1例特殊病原体MRSA、VRE或其他新发病原体;2医院感染管理办公室于1小时内报告主管院长,并通知医务科、护理部等相关科室。3诊为传染病突发性医院感染
5、,按“传染病防治法有关规定进行报告。4调查证实医院感染爆发,应于2小时内向防疫站、卫生厅政部门报告。12医院感染爆发隔离措施有哪些? 1隔离感染病人或保护易感人群;2分组护理;3加强洗手和无菌操作技术4加强诊疗器械消毒与灭菌;5搞好环境卫生及消毒;6某些特殊抗生素的应用。13出现医院感染爆发事件,临床科室应立即报告院感办,请问责任报告人是谁? 科主任14什么是医院感染爆发?是指在医疗机构或其科室的患者中,短时间内发生3例以上同种同源感染病例的现象。15什么是疑似医院感染爆发?指在医疗机构或其科室的患者中,短时间内出现3例以上临床症候群相似、疑心有共同感染源的感染病例;或者3例以上疑心有共同感染
6、源或感染途径的感染病例现象。16、临床院感兼职医师、护士的职责即临床科室医院感染管理小组职责?1全面负责本科室医院感染管理的各项工作。监督、执行医院感染管理的各项规章制度;2监测本科室医院感染病例及感染环节,根据本科室医院感染特点,采取有效措施,降低医院感染发病率;发现医院感染流行、爆发,及时报告医院感染管理科及相关科室,并协助进行流行病学调查;3掌握本科室医院感染常见菌的分布及耐药情况,严格掌握抗生素使用原那么,合理使用抗生素;4每月对医院感染质控检查中本科室存在的问题,提出整改意见并催促实施;5催促本科室人员执行无菌操作、消毒隔离、医疗废物管理制度;6催促本科室人员做好手卫生及手消毒,认真
7、抓好手卫生工作;7做好职业防护工作;8定期组织本科室医务人员进行医院感染管理及职业防护知识培训。 17、艾滋病病毒职业暴露的定义艾滋病病毒职业暴露是指医务人员在从事诊断、治疗、护理、预防、检验、管理、保洁等工作过程中,意外被艾滋病病毒感染者或艾滋病病人的血液、体液污染了皮肤或粘膜,或者被含有艾滋病病毒的血液、体液和实验室培养液污染了的针头及其他锐器刺破皮肤,有可能被艾滋病病毒感染的情况。18、发生艾滋病病毒职业暴露后的处理一急救处理1、立即用肥皂水和清水冲洗伤口或沾污的皮肤。如果是粘膜暴露,应用生理盐水反复冲洗。2、如有伤口,应当在伤口旁端轻轻挤压,尽可能挤出损伤处的血液,再用肥皂液和流动水进
8、行冲洗;禁止进行伤口的局部挤压。3、受伤部位的伤口冲洗后,应用消毒液如75%酒精或0.5%碘伏进行消毒,并包扎伤口;被暴露的粘膜,应反复用生理盐水冲洗干净。二艾滋病病毒职业暴露预防性用药19、?医院感染管理方法?规定,当出现什么情形时,医院应当于12小时内向市卫生局和疾病预防控制中心报告?15例以上医院感染爆发;2由于医院感染爆发直接导致患者死亡;3由于医院感染爆发导致3人以上人身损害后果。20、?医院感染管理方法?规定,当出现何种情形时,医院应当按照?国家突发公共卫生事件相关信息报告管理工作标准试行?的要求进行报告?110例以上的医院感染爆发事件; 2发生特殊病原体或者新发病原体的医院感染;
9、3可能造成重大公共影响或者严重后果的医院感染。21、“感染性废物,其废物的名称包括哪些?答:1被病人血液、体液、排泄物污染的物品包括:棉球、棉签、引流棉条、纱布及其他多种敷料;一次性使用卫生用品,一次性使用医疗用品及一次性医疗器械;废弃的被服;其他被病人血液、体液、排泄物污染的物品。2医疗机构收治的隔离传染病人或者疑似传染病病人产生的生活垃圾3病原体的培养基、标本和菌种,毒种保存液4各种废弃的医学标本。5各种废弃的血液、血清。6使用后的一次性使用医疗用品及一次性医疗器械视为感染性废物。22、“病理性废物,其废物名称包括哪些?答:1手术及其他诊疗过程中产生的废弃的人体组织、器官等。2医学实验动物
10、的组织、尸体。3病理切片后废弃的人体组织、病理腊块等。23、“损伤性废物,其废物名称包括哪些?答:1医用针头、缝合针2各类医用锐器,包括:解剖刀、手术刀、备皮刀、手术锯等。3载玻片、玻璃试管、玻璃药瓿等。24、“药物性废物,其废物名称包括哪些?答:1废弃的一般性药品,如抗生素、非处方类药品等2废弃的细胞毒性药物和遗传毒性药物包括:致癌性药物,如硫唑呤、苯丁酸氨芥、萘氮芥、环孢霉素、环磷酰胺、苯丙胺酸氮芥、司莫司汀、三苯氧氨、硫替派等;可疑致癌性药物,如顺铂、丝裂霉素、阿霉素、苯巴比妥等;免疫抑制剂。3废弃的疫苗、血液制品等。25、“化学性废物,其废物名称包括哪些?答:1医学影象室、实验室废弃的
11、化学试剂。2废弃的过氧乙酸、戊乙醛等化学清洁剂。3废弃的汞血压计、汞温度计。26、利器伤损伤后报告及用药程序?答:利器伤发生后局部处理急诊科就诊到预防保健科注射疫苗填写锐器伤上报表报感染办。27、发生医院感染爆发的处理程序?答:1立即上报,不能发生瞒报、推诿、延误、院内感染等不良事件;2按照任务分工做好各自工作医疗、护理、后勤、药品剂等3主要监管部门:医务处、院感办28、手卫生管理制度?简答(1) 手卫生为洗手、卫生手消毒和外科手消毒的总称。(2) 配备合格的洗手设施。流动水、非手触式水龙头、洗手液、干手纸等(3) 医院定期进行手卫生消毒效果的监测(4) 遵循洗手与卫生手消毒的原那么,六种情况
12、下必须洗手(5) 必须掌握正确的手卫生方法,保证洗手与手消毒效果。(6) 禁止佩戴手部饰物,指甲长度不超过指尖。(7) 所有手术室、产房配备合格的外科手消毒设施。(8) 手消毒效果应到达相应要求:卫生手消毒,监测的细菌菌落数应10cfu/cm2。外科手消毒,监测的细菌菌落数应5cfu/cm2。29、围术期预防用抗药物的方法已考过30、手术预防性抗菌药物临床应用管理标准与程序。1) 预防性抗菌药的选择标准,无特殊原因,原那么上应选择一、二代头孢类药物。2) 超范围选用预防性抗菌药物的,在病历记录中说明理由。3) 有措施与程序做到,术前切皮前1小时内使用预防性抗菌药。4) 根据不同手术切口分别于术
13、后24小时、48小时、72小时停止使用。5) 72小时后继续使用,在病历记录中说明理由。6) 手术超过3小时或术中出血量大于1500毫升时需要加用抗菌药物一剂。二、填空及选择1、?医院感染管理方法?自2006年9月1日起施行。2、100病床以上医院应当设立医院感染管理委员会和独立的医院感染管理部门。3、感染知识培训,新上岗人员培训时间不得少于3学时,医院感染管理专职人员每年不少于15 学时,其它管理和医务人员每年不少于6学时。4、医院临床科室应建立由科主任、护士长及本科室兼职监控医生、护士组成的医院感染监控小组。5、医院感染的危险因素新诊疗技术的开展、各种侵袭性操作、住院时间长、长期应用广谱抗
14、生素、慢性根底疾病如肿瘤、糖尿病等。6、无明确潜伏期的感染,规定入院48小时后发生的感染为医院感染。对有明确潜伏期的疾病,自入院第一天算起,超过平均潜伏期后所发生的感染即为医院感染。病人入院时已发生的感染直接与上次住院有关,亦为医院感染。7、上呼吸道与下呼吸道感染同时存在,报告时仅报告下呼吸道感染。表浅切口感染和深部切口感染同时存在,仅报告深部切口感染。8、MRSA系指耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌;耐万古霉素肠球菌英文代号是 VRE。9、消毒是指杀灭或去除传播媒介上的病原微生物,使其到达无害化的处理。灭菌是指杀灭或去除传播媒介上一切微生物的处理。10、进入人体组织或器官内的医疗用品和器材属高度危
15、险性物品,必须灭菌。11、使用中消毒剂细菌菌落数 100cfu/ml,不得检出致病菌。12、无菌储槽中的棉球、纱布一经翻开,使用时间最长不得超过24小时。抽出的药液,开启的静脉输入无菌液体超过2h不得作用。启封吸取的各种溶媒超过 24h不得使用。 13、感染性废物应置黄色塑料袋内,损伤性废弃物应置防渗漏、耐刺容器内密封运送,送医院医疗废物暂存点。14、医院垃圾分为:生活垃圾、医疗垃圾类。医疗废物分为:感染性废物、损伤性废物、病理性废物、药物性废物、化学性废物。15、盛装医疗废物的每个包装物、容器外表应当有明显的警示标识和警示说明,在每个包装、容器上应当系中文标签,中文标签的内容包括:医疗废物产
16、生单位、产生日期、类别、及需要的特别说明等。16、各科室应当对医疗废弃物进行登记,登记内容包括:医疗废弃物的来源、种类、重量或数量、交接时间、处置方法、最终去向等工程。登记资料至少保存3年。禁止医疗卫生机构及其工作人员转让、买卖医疗废物。 17、您在日常医疗活动过程中产生的感染性废物、病理性废物,少量药物性废物的应当分别投入以下那种颜色垃圾袋中AA、黄色垃圾袋 B、黑色垃圾袋 C、红色垃圾袋18、您在日常医疗活动中用过的一次性帽子、口罩、防护服、鞋套等应投入以下那种颜色的垃圾袋A A、黄色垃圾袋 B、黑色垃圾袋 C、红色垃圾袋19、您在日常医疗活动中用过的医用针、缝合针、备皮刀、手术刀等锐器应
17、投入以下那种颜色容器或垃圾袋DA、黄色垃圾袋 B、黑色垃圾袋 C、红色垃圾袋D、黄色标志容器盒20、医疗卫生机构发生医疗废物流失、泄露、扩散时未采取紧急处理措施或既未采取紧急处理措施也未及时向卫生行政部门报告的处以罚款CA、2000元以上5000元以下 B、5000元以上1万以下C、一万元以上5万元以下 三、各科室人员应了解本科室相关消毒隔离制度2007年发医院感染制度汇编四、相关人员应了解各自的职责医院感染制度汇编1、医院感染管理医生工作职责2、医院感染管理护士工作职责3、医院感染管理检验员工作职责4、护理部在医院感染管理工作中履行的职责5、医务科在医院感染管理工作中履行的职责6、后勤在医院
18、感染管理工作中履行的职责7、药剂科在医院感染管理工作中履行的职责8、检验科在医院感染管理工作中履行的职责 9、医务人员在医院感染管理工作中履行的职责 10、本科室围手术期预防用药方案?五、重点科室各自学习掌握卫生部标准2004年:内镜清洗消毒技术操作标准2004年版2005年:医疗机构口腔诊疗器械消毒技术操作标准2005年:血液透析器复用操作标准2021年:医院消毒供给中心管理标准.医院消毒供给中心清洗消毒及灭菌技术操作标准医院消毒供给中心清洗消毒及灭菌效果监测标准六、掌握院感根本资料1、 全院医院感染率1.5%左右、医院感染漏报率05%2、 本科室医院感染率3、 本院无重大医院感染事件4、
19、医院有抗菌药物三级管理组织:医院领导小组、专项整治办公室、科室质控小组5、 抗菌药物管理机制:不定期调查,并公布数据,发现问题与绩效挂钩。6、 每年都参加抗药物有关知识培训见全院业务学习方案7、 临床医生知道本人抗菌药物处方权限及上级权限是谁。8、 知道本科室一类手术预防性抗菌药物使用标准品种选择,用药时机,术后应用时间院感办英文版 Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implemen
20、tation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party mem
21、bers and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face
22、two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulat
23、ions modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading
24、cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2021 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, whi
25、ch reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the
26、 spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the pro
27、mulgation and implementation of January 2021, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight pr
28、ohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary
29、regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementa
30、tion, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law
31、and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main di
32、scipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Par
33、ty members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Se
34、ssion of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2021 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Com
35、mittee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the prov
36、ince (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members.
37、Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2021, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissio
38、ns of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In Octo
39、ber 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two l
40、aws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and Gener
41、al Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere t
42、o the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Par
43、ty constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2021 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the
44、general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and p
45、arty rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revise
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