2012考研英语(一)真题及答案.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2012 考研英语（一）真题参考答案Section Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue rece

2、ntly.The court cannot_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law_ justices behave like politicians.Yet,in several instances,justices acted in ways that_ the courts reputation for being independent and impartial。Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr.,for example,appeared at political events

3、.That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courts decisions will be_ as impartial judgments.Part of the problem is that the justices are not _ by an ethics code.At the very least,the court should make itself_ to the code of conduct that _to the rest of the federal judiciary。This and other

4、cases _the question of whether there is still a _ between the court and politics。The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_ having authority apart from politics.They gave justices permanent positions _ they would be free to _those in power and have no need to_ political support.Our legal system

5、 was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _。Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _like liberty and property.When the court deals with social policy decisions,the law it _is inescapably political which is

6、 why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _ as unjust。The justices must _doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves _to the code of conduct.That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,_,convincing as law。1 A emphasizeB maintainC mo

7、difyD recognize 2 A whenB bestC beforeD unles 3 A renderedB weakenedC establishedD eliminated 4 A challengedB compromisedC suspectedD accepted 5.A advancedB caught C boundD founded 6.A resistantB subjectC immuneD prone 7.A resortsB sticksC leadsD applies 8.A evadeB raiseC denyD settle 9.A lineB barr

8、ier C similarity D conflict 10.A byB asC throughD towards 11.A soB sinceC providedD though 12.A serveB satisfyC 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！upsetD replace 13.A confirm B express C cultivate D offer 14 A guardedB followedC studiedD tied 15.A concepts B theories C divisions D conven

9、ience16.A excludes B questions C shapes D controls17.A dismissed B released C ranked D distorted18.A suppress B exploitC addressD ignore 19.A accessibleB.amiableC agreeable D accountable20.A by all meansB at all costsC in a wordD as a result Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the f

10、ollowing four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40 points)Text 2 TEXT2 Pretty in pink:adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour,yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives.It is not that pink intrinsically bad,b

11、ut it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and,though it may celebrate girlhood in one way,it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls identity to appearance.Then it presents that connection,even among two-year-olds,between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence.Looking around,despaired at

12、the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests。Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable,somehow encoded in their DNA,but according to Jo Paoletti,an associate professor of American Studies,its not.Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century:in the era be

13、fore domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter,since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them.Whats more,both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced,pink was actually considered the more mascul

14、ine colour,a pastel version of red,which was associated with strength.Blue,with its intimations of the Virgin Mary,constancy and faithfulness,symbolised femininity.It was not until the mid-1980s,when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant childrens marketing strategy,that pink fully ca

15、me into its own,when it began to seem innately attractive to girls,part of what defined them as female,at least for the first few critical years。I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids,including our core beliefs about their psychological

16、development.Take the toddler.I assumed that phase was something experts developed 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！after years of research into childrens behaviour:wrong.Turns out,according to Daniel Cook,a historian of childhood consumerism,it was popularised as a marketing gimmick by

17、 clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。Trade publications counselled department stores that,in order to increase sales,they should create a third stepping stone between infant wear and older kids clothes.It was only after toddler became common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted deve

18、lopmental stage.Splitting kids,or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits.And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist。26 By saying it is.The rainbow(line 3,Para 1)，the autho

19、r means pink _。A should not be the sole representation of girlhood B should not be associated with girls innocence C cannot explain girls lack of imagination D cannot influence girls lives and interests 27 According to Paragraph 2,which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in gir

20、ls DNA B Blue used to be regarded as the color for girls C Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing genders D White is preferred by babies 28 The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological devotement was much influenced by _。A the marketing of products for children B the ob

21、servation of childrens nature C researches into childrens behavior D studies of childhood consumption 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised _。A focuses on infant wear and older kids clothes B attach equal importance to dif

22、ferent genders C classify consumers into smaller groups D create some common shoppers terms 30.it can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seems to be _。A clearly explained by their inborn tendency B fully understood by clothing manufacturers C mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen D wel

23、l interpreted by psychological experts Part B Directions:For questions 41-45,choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text.Paragraph E has been correctly placed.There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text.Mark your

24、answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Part C Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Section Writing Part A 51.Directions:。You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SH

25、EET 2.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！federal judiciary。This and other cases _the question of whether there is still a _ between the court and politics。The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_ having authority apart from politics.T

26、hey gave justices permanent positions _ they would be free to _those in power and have no need to_ political support.Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _。Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamen

27、tal social _like liberty and property.When the court deals with social policy decisions,the law it _is inescapably political which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _ as unjust。The justices must _doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves _to the code of condu

28、ct.That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,_,convincing as law。1 A emphasize B maintain C modify D recognize 2 A when B best C before D unless 3 A rendered B weakened C established D eliminated 4 A challenged B compromised C suspected D accepted 5.A advance

29、d B caught C bound D founded 6.A resistant B subject C immune D prone 7.A resorts B sticks C leads D applies 8.A evade B raise C deny D settle 9.A line B barrier C similarity D conflict 10.A by B as C through D towards 11.A so B since C provided D though 12.A serve B satisfy C upset D replace 13.A c

30、onfirm B express C cultivate D offer 14 A guarded B followed C studied D tied 15.A concepts B theories C divisions D convenience16.A excludes B questions C shapes D controls17.A dismissed B released C ranked D distorted18.A suppress B exploit C address D ignore 19.A accessible B.amiable C agreeable

31、D accountable20.A by all means B at all costs C in a word D as a result 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Section Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40 point

32、s)Text 2 TEXT2 Pretty in pink:adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour,yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives.It is not that pink intrinsically bad,but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and,though it may celebrate girlhood in one way,it also repeatedly and firmly fused gir

33、ls identity to appearance.Then it presents that connection,even among two-year-olds,between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence。Looking around,despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests。Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable,somehow encod

34、ed in their DNA,but according to Jo Paoletti,an associate professor of American Studies,its not.Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century:in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter,since the only way of getting clothes clean was t

35、o boil them.Whats more,both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced,pink was actually considered the more masculine colour,a pastel version of red,which was associated with strength.Blue,with its intimations of the Virgin Mary,欢迎您阅读并下载本

36、文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！constancy and faithfulness,symbolised femininity.It was not until the mid-1980s,when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant childrens marketing strategy,that pink fully came into its own,when it began to seem innately attractive to girls,part of wh

37、at defined them as female,at least for the first few critical years。I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids,including our core beliefs about their psychological development.Take the toddler.I assumed that phase was something experts devel

38、oped after years of research into childrens behaviour:wrong.Turns out,according to Daniel Cook,a historian of childhood consumerism,it was popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。Trade publications counselled department stores that,in order to increase sales,they sh

39、ould create a third stepping stone between infant wear and older kids clothes.It was only after toddler became common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage.Splitting kids,or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits.And one of

40、the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist。26 By saying it is.The rainbow(line 3,Para 1)，the author means pink _。A should not be the sole representation of girlhood B should not be associated with girls innocence C cannot

41、explain girls lack of imagination D cannot influence girls lives and interests 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！27 According to Paragraph 2,which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls DNA B Blue used to be regarded as the color for girls C Pink used to be a

42、neutral color in symbolizing genders D White is preferred by babies 28 The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological devotement was much influenced by _。A the marketing of products for children B the observation of childrens nature C researches into childrens behavior D studies

43、of childhood consumption 29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised _。A focuses on infant wear and older kids clothes B attach equal importance to different genders C classify consumers into smaller groups D create some common shoppers terms 30.it can be concluded that girl

44、s attraction to pink seems to be _。A clearly explained by their inborn tendency B fully understood by clothing manufacturers C mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen D well interpreted by psychological experts Part B Directions:欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！For questions 41-45,

45、choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into thenumbered boxes to form a coherent text.Paragraph E has been correctly placed.There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Part C Directions:Read the following text

46、 carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Section Writing Part A 51.Directions:。You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice.Use Postgraduates Ass

47、ociation instead.(10 points)Part B 52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should 1)describe the picture briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and 3)give your comments。You should write neatly on answer sheet 2.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们

48、将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.D 23.A 24.C 25.D 26.C 27.A 28.A 29.B 30.B 31.A 32.D 33.B 34.D 35.D 36.C 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.A 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！41.C 42.D 43.A 44.F 45.G 46.在物理学上，一种方法是将这种冲动完美发挥到

49、极点并且导找到一种万能的理论-一条我们都可以看的见，明白的普遍公式。47.在这里，达尔文主义似乎提供了一个准则，如果所有的人类都有共同的起源，那么文化差异能够追寻到更早的可控的起源也是合理的。48.从我们的共同特征中过滤独特性能够使我们明白文化行为的复杂性起源以及是什么在进化方面和认知方面指导我们人类。49、其实，由约书亚格林伯说，将更多的经验主义用在了普遍性上，验证许多语言所共有的特点，这些特点被认为是代表了由认知限制造成的偏见。50.乔姆斯基的语法应该表现了语言更改的模式，是通过独立的家谱或由它所跟踪的路径，而通过性预测的特定类型间的合作关系。Part A 47.Directions：Su

50、ppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day.Write and email to the customer service center to 1)make a complaint，and 2)demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at t