雅思阅读模拟题passage.pdf

《雅思阅读模拟题passage.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《雅思阅读模拟题passage.pdf（14页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！雅思阅读模拟题 PASSAGE 1 Practice IELTS Reading Test A(Academic?Module)READING PASSAGE 1 PERSONAL TIME MANAGEMENT Since the early work of Halberg(1960),the existence of human circadian rhythms has been well-known to biologists and psychologists.Circadian rhyth

2、ms?dictate?that there are?certain?times of the day when we are at our best both physically andpsychologically.At its simplest,the?majority?of us feel more alive and?creative?in the mornings,while come the evenings we are fit only for?collapsing?with a good book or in front of the television.Other of

3、 us?note?that in the morning we take a great deal of time to get going physically and mentally,but by the evening are full of energy and bright ideas,while a very few of us feel mostalert?and?vigorous?in the late afternoon.Irrespective of our personal rhythms,most of us have a?productive?period betw

4、een.and noon,when the stomach,?pancreas,?spleen?and heart all appear to be in their most active phases.Conversely,the?majority?of us experience a low period in the hour or two after lunch(a time when people in some societies?sensibly?take a rest),as most of our energy is?devoted?to the process of?di

5、gestion.The simple rules here are:dont waste too much?prime?time having a coffee break around you should be doing some of your best work,and dont make the after-lunch period even less?productive?by overloading your?digestion.A short coffee or tea break is,in fact,best taken on arrival at the office,

6、when it helps us start the day in a positive mood,rather than mid-morning when it interrupts the flow of our activities.Lunch is best taken early,when we are just beginning to feel hungry,and we are likely to eat less than if we leave it until later.An early lunch also means that we can get back int

7、o our productive?strideearlier in the afternoon.Changes in ones attitude can also?enhance?personal time management.For example,the notion of pro-action is eminently?preferable?to?reaction.To pro-act means to?anticipateevents and be in a position to take?appropriate?action as soon as the right moment

8、 arrives.Toreact,on the other hand,means to have little?anticipation?and do something only when events force you to do so.Pro-actors?tend?to be the people who are always one step ahead of other people,who always seem to be in the right place at the right time,and who are always betterinformed?than a

9、nyone else.Many of us like an easy life,and so we tend to be reactors.This means that we arent?alert?to the challenges and opportunities 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！coming our way,with theconsequence?that challenges?bother?us or opportunities pass us by before were even properly a

10、ware theyre upon us.We can train ourselves in pro-action by regularly taking the time to sit down and?appraise?the likely?immediate?future,just as we sit down and review the immediate past.Psychologists recognise that we differ in the way in which we characteristically?attributeresponsibility for th

11、e various things that happen to us in life.One of the ways in which we do this is known as locus of?control?(Weiner,1979),which refers to assigning responsibility.At its simplest,some individuals have a predominantly?external?locus of control,attributing responsibility to outside causes(for example,

12、the faults of others or the help given by them),while with other individuals the locus of control is predominantly?internal,in which responsibility is attributed to oneself(for example,ones own abilities or lack of them,hard work,etc.).However,the picture usually isnt as simple as this.Many peoples

13、locus of?control?is more likely to be?specific?to a?particular?situation,for example?internal?in?certain?areas,such as their?social?lives,and?external?in others,such as their working lives.Or,to take another example,they may?attribute?certain kinds of results to themselves,such as their successes,an

14、d certain kinds of results to other people,such as their failures.Obviously the best kind of locus ofcontrol?is one that is?realistic?and able to attribute every effect to its?appropriate?cause,and this is particularly important when it comes to time management.Certainly,there are occasions when oth

15、er people are more responsible for our time loss than we are,but for most of us,and for most of the time,the?blame?must fall fairly and squarely upon ourselves.Choose ONE?phrase?(A-J)from the list in the box below to complete each key point below.Write the?appropriate?letters(A-J)in boxes 1-6 on you

16、r answer sheet.The information in the completed sentences should be an?accurate?summary?of points made by the writer.There are more phrases(A-J)than sentences,so you will not use them all.You may use any?phrase?more than once.Questions 1-6 Time management-key points Answer Example Our patterns of ci

17、rcadian rhythms G 1.A proactive person 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2.A?reactive?person 3.Analysing circadian rhythms 4.The idea that the best time to work is in the morning 5.The notion of feeling?alert?in the late afternoon 6.?Productivity?appears to be enhanced List of phrases A

18、)agrees with the circadian rhythms of most people.B)makes us feel alive and?creative.C)conforms to the circadian rhythms of a?minority?of people.D)if our energy is in a low phase.E)is more able to take?advantage?of events when they happen.F)enables one to?gauge?physical?potential?at?particular?times

19、 throughout the day.G)can?affect?us physically and mentally.H)when several?specific?internal?organs are active.I)takes a more?passive?attitude toward events.J)when we eat lunch early Questions 7-13 Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage 1,ersonal Time Management.Use NO MO

20、RE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.Answer Example Most people are less?productive after lunch 7.Our influence our physical and?mental?performance 8.We are more likely to be?productive?in the afternoon if we have.9.A person who reacts tends not t

21、o see when they are approaching.10.Assessing the aids us in becoming proactive.11.A person with a mainly?internal?locus of?control?would likely direct?blame?toward .12.A person with a mainly?external?locus of?control?would likely direct failure toward .欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！

22、13.A person with a healthy and balanced locus of?control?would?attribute?a result,whethernegative?or positive,to .欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！雅思阅读模拟题 PASSAGE 2 READING PASSAGE 2 You are advised to spend about 20?minutes?on Questions 14-25 which are based on Reading Passage 2,The M

23、uang Faai Irrigation SysTEM of Northern Thailand.Questions 14-19 Reading Passage 2 has 7 sections.Choose the most?suitable?heading?for each section from the list of headings(A-L)below.Write the?appropriate?letter(A-L)in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.There are more headings than sections,so you wi

24、ll not use all of them.List of Headings A)Rituals and beliefs B)Topography of Northern Thailand C)The forests of Northern Thailand D)Preserving the system E)Agricultural practices F)Village life G)Water?distribution?principles H)Maintaining natural balances I)Structure of the irrigation system J)Use

25、rs rights K)Users obligations L)?Community?control 14.Section 1 15.Section 2 16.Section 3 17.Section 4 Answer Example Section 5 A 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！18.Section 6 19.Section 7 THE MUANG FAAI IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF NORTHERN THAILAND SECTION 1 Northern Thailand consists mainly

26、 of long mountain chains interspersed with valley bottoms where streams and rice fields?dominate?the?landscape.Most of the remaining forests of the North are found at higher altitudes.The forests?ensure?regular seasonal rainfall for the whole area and at the same time?moderate?runoff,so that there i

27、s water throughout the year.SECTION 2 The lowland communities have developed an agricultural system adapted to,and?partiallydetermining,the?distinctive?ecosystems of their areas.Practicing wet-rice agriculture in the valley-bottoms,the lowlanders also raise pigs,ducks and chickens and?cultivate?vege

28、table gardens in their villages further up the slopes.Rice,beans,?corn?and native vegetables are planted in hill fields above the villages,and wild vegetables and herbal medicines are gathered and wild game hunted in the forests higher up the hillsides.The forests also serve as?grazinggrounds for co

29、ws and buffalo,and are a?source?of wood for household utensils,cooking?fuel,construction?and farming tools.Fish are to be found in the streams and in the irrigation system and wet-rice fields,providing both food and?pest?control.SECTION 3 In its essentials,a muang faai system consists of a small?res

30、ervoir?which feeds an?intricate,branching?network?of small channels carrying water in carefully calibrated quantities through clusters of rice terraces in valley bottoms.The system taps into a?stream?above the highest rice field and,when there is?sufficient?water,discharges back into the same stream

31、 at a point below the bottom field.The water in the reservoir at the top,which is?diverted?into a main?channel(Iam muang)and from there into the different fields,is slowed or held back not by animpervious?dam,but by a series of barriers?constructed?of bunches of bamboo or saplings which allow?silt,s

32、oil and sand to pass through.SECTION 4 Water from the Iam muang is?measured?out among the farmers according to the?extent?of their rice fields and the amount of water?available?from the 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！main?channel.Also considered are the height of the fields,their dis

33、tance from the main channel and their soil type.The size and depth of side-channels are then?adjusted?so that only the allocated amount of water flows into each farmers field.SECTION 5 Rituals and beliefs connected with muang faai?reflect?the villagers?submission?to,respect for,and friendship with n

34、ature,rather than an attempt to master it.In mountains,forests,watersheds and water,villagers see things of great value and power.This power has a favourable aspect,and one that benefits humans.But at the same time,if?certain?boundaries are overstepped and nature is damaged,the spirits will punish h

35、umans.Therefore,when it is necessary to use nature for the necessities of life,villagers take care to?inform?the spirits what they?intend?to do,?simultaneously?begging?pardon?for their actions.SECTION 6 Keeping a muang faai system going demands?cooperation?and?collective?management,sometimes within

36、a single village,sometimes across three or four different subdistricts including many villages.The rules or common agreements arrived at during the yearly meeting amount to a?social?contract.They?govern?how water is to be distributed,how flow is to be?controlledaccording to seasonal schedules,how ba

37、rriers are to be maintained and channels dredged,how conflicts over water use are to be?settled,and how the forest around the?reservoir?is to bepreserved?as a?guarantee?of a?steady?water?supply?and a?source?of materials to repair the system.SECTION 7 The?fundamental?principle?of water rights under m

38、uang faai is that everyone in the system must get enough to?survive;while many patterns of?distribution?are possible,none can?violatethis basic tenet.On the whole,the systems also rest on the?assumption?that local water is common?property.No one can take?control?of it by force,and it must be used in

39、?accord?with the communal agreements.Although there are inequalities in land holding,no one has the right to an?excessive?amount of?fertile?land.The way in which many muang faai systems?expandtends to?reinforce?further the claims of?community?security?over those of individual entrepreneurship.In the

40、 gradual process of opening up new land and digging connecting channels,each local household often ends up with scattered holdings over the whole irrigation areas.Unlike modern irrigation systems,under which the most powerful people generally end up closest to the sources of water,欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于

41、互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！this?arrangement?encourages everyone to take care that no part of the system is unduly favoured or neglected.Questions 20-23 The chart below illustrates the agricultural system of the lowland communities.Select words from Reading Passage 2 to fill the spaces in the chart

42、.Use UP TO THREE WORDS for each space.Write your answers in boxes 20-23 on your answer sheet.Area Activity Example Forests grazing?cows,buffalo Forests Hill fields Villages Valley bottom gathering (20),hunting wild animals cultivating (21)raising (22)cultivating vegetables growing (23)Question 24 Fr

43、om the list below,select the three main structures which?constitute?the muang faai irrigation system.Write the THREE?appropriate?letters,in any order,in box 24 on your answer sheet.A)channels B)saplings C)dam D)barriers E)reservoir F)water Question 25 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！F

44、rom the list below,select two criteria for allocating water to farmers.Write TWOappropriate?letters,in any order,in box 25 on your answer sheet.A)field characteristics B)?social?status C)location of field D)height of barriers E)fees paid F)water available 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的

45、文档！雅思阅读模拟题 PASSAGE 3 READING PASSAGE 3 You are advised to spend about 20?minutes?on Questions 26-39 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.THE ORIGINS OF INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES The?traditional?view of the?spread?of the Indo-European languages holds that an Ur-language,ancestor?to all the others

46、,was spoken by?nomadichorsemen who lived in what is now western Russia north of the Black Sea near the beginning of the Bronze Age.As these mounted warriors roamed over greater and greater expanses,they conquered the?indigenous?peoples and imposed their own proto-Indo-European language,which in the

47、course of succeeding centuries evolved in local areas into the European languages we know today.In recent years,however,many scholars,particularly archaeologists,have become?dissatisfied?with the traditional?explanation.The starting point of the problem of the origins of Indo-European is not?archaeo

48、logical?butlinguistic.When linguists look at the languages of Europe,they quickly?perceive?that these languages are?related.The connections can be seen in vocabulary,grammar and phonology(rules for?pronunciation).To?illustrate?the numbers from one to ten in several Indo-European languages.Such a?com

49、parison?makes it clear that there are significant similarities among many European languages and also Sanskrit,the language of the earliest?literary?texts of India,but that languages such as Chinese or Japanese are not members of the same family(see?figure?1).ENGLISH OLD GERMAN LATIN GREEK SANSKRIT

50、JAPANESE ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE SIX SEVEN EIGHT 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！NINE TEN AINS TWAI THRIJA FIDWOR FIMF SAIHS SIBUM AHTAU NIUN TAIHUM UNUS DUO TRES QUATTOUR QUINQUE SEX SEPTEM OCTO NOVEM DECEM HEIS DUO TREIS TETTARES PENTE HEKS HEPTA 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭