大学英语六级常用词汇辨析讲座 第二讲 形似英语词汇辨析.doc

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1、大学英语六级常用词汇辨析讲座第二讲形似英语重点词汇辨析下面这41组形似英语重点词汇辨析1. defy / verify / certify / rectify / justify / magnify / amplify / simplify / specify / modify / qualify / simplify / clarify / terrify/ classify / identify defy: 向挑战/公然反抗/蔑视/激怒He defied his opponents to equal his record.Criminals defy the law.They defied

2、 him to jump off the bridge.The city defied the enemy for three years.defy/defiance/defiant/defiantly/in defiance of不顾/不服从verify: 证实/查实We must verify his figures.Later findings verified the scientists theory.When people verify sth. they test the truth or accuracy of it.verify/verification/verifier 证

3、实者/证明人certify: 证明合格/授予执照I hereby certify that this is an original copy.He was certified by the doctor that he was insane.He cited many examples in order to certify his statement.This swimming certificate is to certify that I can swim one hundred metres.certify/certifiable/certificate执照/文凭/证书/certifi

4、cation证明/certifiedrectify: 纠正/改正I want to rectify my error before it is too late.to rectify abuses/mistakesThe accounting error was rectified before he handed in.Rectify/rectification纠正/改正/rectifier改正者/rectifiable可矫正的justify: 证明有道理/为辩护/提供法律依据He had a desperate desire to justify himself.His illness d

5、oes not justify his long absence.You can hardly justify such conduct.justify/justifiable/justice/justifier/justification辩护magnify: 放大/夸大/赞美The microscope magnified the object one hundred times.He is inclined to magnify the difficulties.He tries to magnify the part he played in the battle.magnify/mag

6、nifieramplify: 扩大/加大/详细解释The tunnel amplified the noise.to amplify the sound/He amplified on the subject.amplify/ amplifier/amplificationsimplify: 简化/简写Can you simplify your language a little?Try to simplify your explanation for the children.simplified readings/simplified processThe story has been s

7、implified by the author.simple/simplify/simplicity/simplificationspecify:明确说出/专门提到He specified three types of mistakes which had occurred.Please specify the date of your absence.Did you specify any particular time for us to call?specify/specific/specifically/specification具体要求modify: 稍修改/使更温和/修饰These

8、 plans must be modified if they are to be used successfully.He wont modify his demands.You had better modify your tone.Adjectives modify nouns.modify/modification/ qualify: 使合格/取得资格/限制/描述His training qualifies her as a teacher.They are qualified to judge.Two years of experience qualified him for a p

9、romotion.He qualified as a doctor two years ago.The play was at best a qualified success.If you qualify a work, you profess to understand it.Qualify/qualification/clarify: 使清楚/澄清/His explanation clarified the mystery.It clarified my thought a little.It offers a simple way of clarifying basic grammat

10、ical concepts.Clarify/clarification/terrify: 使害怕/使惊恐The thunderstorm terrified the children.She was terrified by his appearance.She was terrified of the fierce-looking dogs.terrify/to be terrified of/to terrify into/terrified/terrifyingclassify: 分类/归类Children in school are classified into grades, ac

11、cording to how much they know.He carefully began to classify the results of his examinations.classify/classification/classifiedidentify: 识别/辨认/说明身份The police identified the criminal at once.I cannot identify the signature.identify/identification/identical/identity2. mend / amend / recommend / commen

12、d / command mend: 修补/修理/It is never too late to mend.to mend ones fences弥补/ to mend ones ways改过自新/on the mend正在痊愈amend:改正/改进/改过自新It is time you amended your ways.I would advise you to amend your manners.The new government amended the laws.recommend: 推荐/建议/Perhaps you can recommend me another hotel.S

13、pain recommends it as a good place for a holiday.You can recommend some books to the students.to recommend a child to sbs care.3. cooperation / corporation cooperation/ co-operation: 合作The teacher thanked her students for being so co-operative.They discussed how to promote cooperation between the tw

14、o countries.With the cooperation of all the employees, the work was done on time.corporation : /社团/法人The corporation has branch offices in many cities.A corporation can sell and buy own property, manufacture goods, as if its members were a single person.4. commemorate / memorize / in honor of / in m

15、emory of commemorate:纪念The monument commemorates the local war heroes.The people built a new theatre to commemorate the birth of Shakespeare.memorize: 记住If you memorize a poem, you can say it without looking at a book.He could memorize nothing because he has a very bad memory.in honor of : 为了纪念A mem

16、orial meeting was held in his honor.The city dedicated a monument in honor of the general.to have the honor of 有幸荣幸地with honors 以优异成绩on ones word of honor以人格担保honor/honorable可敬的/光荣的/honorary荣誉的/名誉上的in memory of : 纪念I have just finished a long poem in memory of Robert Gregory.Many special ceremonies

17、are in memory of a man named James Ford.to commit sth. to memory熟记from memory凭记忆honor the memory of纪念5. agitate / clap / slap / fluctuate agitate:使激动/使不安The fiery speech agitated the crowd.She was much agitated by the news of her brothers death.The wind agitated the trees.Agitation不安/煽动/agitator鼓动者c

18、lap:拍手鼓掌The audience clapped their hands at the end of the performance.We were awakened by a loud clap of thunder.Slap:拍击She slapped his face.to slap against the boat/水拍打船只a slap in the face打了一记耳光/a slap on the back祝贺/fluctuate:波动/起伏不定The price of the vegetables fluctuates according to the weather.A

19、ll the year she has fluctuated between optimism and pessimism.6. compensate / supplement compensate: 补偿The government compensated the families of the men were killed in the pensate /compensation/compensate forDid you get any compensation from the company when you were dismissed from your job?The foo

20、tball players speed compensated for his small size.supplement: 补充The night courses are a supplement to his regular course work.At the end of the dictionary there is a supplement of verb tables.supplementary:A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.7. capacity / capability / abi

21、lity / faculty/facility capacity: 容量The seating capacity of the theatre is 500.It is an oil refinery with a capacity of a million tons of petroleum a year.He has a great capacity for work.capability: 能力I think that my secretary has great capabilities.She has capabilities as singer.ability: 能力His org

22、anizing ability is great.He was a man of great ability.I tried to do my work to the best of my ability.faculty:教职工/综合大学中的一个学院He was on the faculty there for over forty years.the faculty of law/the faculty of science/the faculty of medicine/the faculty of theologyfacility: 设施/设备/条件We will provide him

23、 with every facility.One of he facilities of our students is a large library.athletic facility/ recreational facility/ public health facilities/production facility/research facility/traffic facility/lodge and eating facility/medical facility/communication facility8. deliberate / desperate / delicate

24、 deliberate:故意的/不慌不忙的/深思熟虑的A statesman should be deliberate in his speech.That was a deliberate act of cruelty.desperate:危急的/绝望的He felt desperate. He was ready to any price.The country is in a desperate state and we must all work hard.A desperate criminal/亡命之徒delicate: 微妙/精美/易损as delicate as silk/th

25、e delicate skin of a young girl/in a delicate manner/This is a very delicate camera.Take care with this delicate glass.The situation between the two countries is now very delicate. 9. conscious / conscientious conscious:知道/意识到/有知觉/有觉悟的He was very conscious of his shortcomings. Is the patient conscio

26、us yet?They are highly conscious politically.conscientious: 认真/负责/细心She was a very industrious and conscientious girl.A conscientious worker10. exceedingly / excessively exceedingly: 非常/极其We found out that he was exceedingly fond of fishing.Chinese is a exceedingly difficult language.excessively: 过分

27、的/过大的His daily expense is excessively too much, which could lead to bankruptcy.11. reliance / trust / belief / confidence reliance: 依靠/信赖A child has much reliance on his mother.I place complete reliance on Tom.trust: 信任/相信He could not abuse her trust.They put no trust in him.a position of trust/ 负责位

28、置 in sbs trust/托付某人照管trust company信托公司belief: 信赖/信仰I have not much belief in his honesty.He died for his belief.Could you defend your political beliefs?beyond belief难以置信/in the belief相信/ to ones belief据看来/confidence: 信心/自信You know that I have perfect confidence in you.He regained his confidence.in c

29、onfidence说心里话/with confidence满怀信心地/12. vigorous / rigorousvigorous: 有力的/精力充沛的He made a vigorous speech in defense of the government.He was tall and vigorous.rigorous:坚苦的,严厉的The raining involved rigorous exercises.the rigorous hardship of the journey/rigorous punishment 13. sensitive / sensible sensi

30、tive: 敏感的/Dont be too sensitive.He is very sensitive about his ugly appearance.A sensitive person is one who is easily hurt or offended by things that people do or say.sensible: 明智/理智的She has such sensible views on life.She felt that this was the sensible way to get out of the trouble.14. flash/ cra

31、sh / crush / clash / smash flash: 闪光The swords flashed in the sun.The mirror flashed in the sunlight.flash back到叙crash: 倒塌The plane crashed, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.His business crashed last year.crush: 压碎Dont crush this box; there were flowers insides.Hundreds of people crushed int

32、o the room.clash : 冲突The two lawyers clashed in court.There was a crush between the two enemies.smash: 猛打/摧毁He smashed the glass into pieces.This unexpected news smashed all hope of victory.15. inspire / expire inspire: 鼓舞The officer inspired his men to be brave.What inspired him to give such a bril

33、liant performance?expire: 到期When does your driving license expire?The magazine subscription expires next month.17. literal /literate/ liberal / literary literal: 逐字逐句的This is a literal translation is not always the closest to the original meaning.In its literal sense “anti” means “against”.literal t

34、ranslationliterate: 受过良好教育的Only one half of the native population was literate.liberal:开明的/自由的 Try to keep a liberal attitude and listen to both sides.liberal translation/a literal mind/literary: 文学的He had literary tastes, and was well-read in science.London was the literary center for the English l

35、anguage.18. homogeneous / simultaneous / instantaneous / spontaneous / harmonious homogeneous:simultaneous :同时的instantaneous :spontaneous :自觉的/自发的harmonious :和睦的,和谐的19. competitive / competent competitive: 竞争的/有竞争力的Important posts are sometimes filled with competitive examinations.The city asked for

36、 competitive bids on the housing petent: 胜任的/称职的/令人满意的Be sure to get competent electrician for the job.He is competent to do the work.He did a competent job.20. extinct / distinct / instinctextinct: 绝种/不在存在的The passenger pigeon is extinct.to become extinct/extinct species/extinct customsdistinct: 清楚

37、的/清晰的/不同的Your pronunciation should be very distinct.The picture showed a very distinct image.Gold is distinct from iron.instinct: 本能/充满的An instinct leads a bird to fly.Most animals have an instinct to protect their young.by instinct a situation instinct with great possibilities21. deduce / seduce /

38、induce deduce:演绎/推断What do you deduce from these facts?From the position of his body the police deduced that the man had killed himself.seduce: 勾引/诱使She was seduced by a man who never kept his promise to marry her.She was seduced by the attraction of the big city.To seduce a man from his duty/to sed

39、uce sb.into doing sth. induce: 劝使/促使/引起/产生His wife induced him to give up smoking.We tried hard to induce him to go with us.This medicine will induce sleep.His illness was induced by overwork.22. perspective / prospective / respective perspective: 全景/全貌/综合印象From the top of the hill you can get a per

40、spective of the entire park.We must keep these minor facts in perspective and not waste too much time on them.prospective: 未来的/可能的a prospective buyer/a prospective brideYour prospective employer is the person who will, later on, be your employer.respective: 各自的After class all the students went back

41、to their respective bedroom.My husband and I are each going t visit our respective mothers.hold in great respect/respect/respectable/respectably/respectful/respectfully/respectively/respective/23. surplus / extra / supplementary surplus:多余的/剩余的They sold the surplus food.You should get rid of some of

42、 your surplus fat by taking more exercises.extra:额外的/另加的/You have had a good deal of extra work lately.I dont think they need any extra help.supplementary: 补充的The statement I am going to make is supplementary to my previous one.A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.24. respe

43、ctive 各自的/ respectable 令人尊敬的/ respectful 对尊敬/be respectful to sb. 对尊敬/ in respect of/就来说in respect to关于/pay ones respects to对某人表示敬意/with respect to至于/关于/respecting关于25. strain / stain / restrain / constrain / refrain strain: 使紧张/使变形/扭伤The weight strained the rope.He strained every nerve to win.Dont

44、strain your eyes by reading such small print.under a strain处于紧张劳累过度状态/strain after竭力追求/stain: 污迹/留下印迹He has ink stains on his shirt.Spilled coffee had stained the carpet.restrain: 限制/克制He tried to restrain his sobs.He was so angry that he could hardly restrain himself.I cant restrain them from going

45、 their own way.constrain: 强迫/强制/约束Cold weather constrained the growth of the plants.I feel constrained to write and ask for your forgiveness. refrain: 控制自己使不做某事/避免You must refrain from spitting in the street.He could hardly retrain from enthusiastic comment.26. evoke / provoke / irritate / invoke / poke evoke:引起/唤起The film evoked the good memory of his boyhood.His comment evoked strong protests.provoke: 招惹/惹怒If you provoke him, he will beat you.By provoking people you make them cross.irritate: 使烦/使不高兴The children irritated him.Spoilt children often irritate me.irritat