动词的时态、语态和主谓一致.ppt

《动词的时态、语态和主谓一致.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《动词的时态、语态和主谓一致.ppt（72页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、1目录目录CONTENTS第六讲 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致01010202动词的时态动词的时态一般现在时|一般过去时|一般将来时|过去将来时|现在完成时|过去完成时|现在完成进行时|现在进行时|过去进行时动词的语态动词的语态被动语态的构成|被动语态的基本用法|主动形式表示被动意义I.单句语法填空|II.单句改错|III.翻译句子|IV.语法填空|V.短文改错主谓一致主谓一致语法一致原则|意义一致原则|就近一致原则0606针对训练针对训练030321PART ONE 动词的时态3目录一、一般现在时一般现在时的构成。一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语一般由动词原形后加s

2、或es构成。其变化规则如下：14目录一、一般现在时一般现在时的构成。1情况情况变化规则变化规则例词例词一般情况一般情况直接加直接加s scomecomescomecomesplayplaysplayplays结尾为结尾为s s，x x，shsh，chch或或oo在词尾加在词尾加esespasspassespasspasseswashwashes washwashes fixfixesfixfixesgogoesgogoes结尾为结尾为“辅音字母辅音字母y”y”变变y y为为i i再加再加esescarrycarries crycriescarrycarries crycriesstudystu

3、dies worryworriesstudystudies worryworries5目录一、一般现在时一般现在时的用法。表示经常性、习惯性的动作，句中常用 often，usually，sometimes，every day 等时间状语。2He goes to school by bicycle every day.他每天骑自行车去上学。6目录一、一般现在时一般现在时的用法。表示现在的状态、特征、事实或客观真理。2The story sounds very interesting.这个故事听起来很有趣。7目录一、一般现在时一般现在时的用法。表示现在的状态、特征、事实或客观真理。2The sto

4、ry sounds very interesting.这个故事听起来很有趣。As we all know，objects fall to the ground because of gravity.众所周知，由于重力物体下落。8目录一、一般现在时一般现在时的用法。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。2When I graduate，Ill go to the countryside.毕业后我要去乡下。9目录一、一般现在时一般现在时的用法。表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作，但限于少数动词，如：begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return

5、，open，close，take off等。2The meeting begins at seven.会议将于七点开始。The plane takes off at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.飞机将在明天早上6点钟起飞。10目录二、一般过去时 一般过去时的构成。1情况情况变化规则变化规则例词例词一般情况一般情况在动词后加在动词后加ededstaystayed staystayed expectexpected expectexpected 以以ee结尾的动词结尾的动词后加后加ddhopehopedhopehoped以以“辅音字母辅音字母y”y”结尾的结尾的动词动词变变

6、y y为为i i再加再加ededstudystudiedstudystudiedcarrycarriedcarrycarried重读闭音节中，词尾只有重读闭音节中，词尾只有一个辅音字母时一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母双写词尾的辅音字母再加再加ededplanplannedplanplannedpreferpreferredpreferpreferred一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，规则动词规则动词的过去式一般由动词原形加的过去式一般由动词原形加 eded构成，构成，其变化规则如下：其变化规则如下：11目录二、一般过去时 一般过去时的用法。2表示在确定的过去时间里

7、所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1982等。He finished writing his novel last month.他上个月写完了一部小说。I felt very tired when I got home，and I went straight to bed.我到家的时候感到非常累，就直接上床睡觉了。12目录二、一般过去时 一般过去时的用法。2表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child，I often played football in t

8、he street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。13目录二、一般过去时 一般过去时的用法。2有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生，应使用一般过去时。Your phone number again？I didnt quite catch it.你再说一遍您的电话号码，我刚才没有听清。14目录二、一般过去时 一般过去时的用法。2有表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。Mr.White lived in Paris for seven years，and he lives in Beijing now.怀特先生在巴黎住过七年，他现在住在北京。15目录三、一般将来时will/s

9、hall动词原形。1表示客观的将来，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。shall一般用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。My birthday is coming.I shall be 18 years old.我的生日就要到了。我将要18岁了。一般将来时表示从现在看来将要发生的动作或状态。16目录三、一般将来时will/shall动词原形。1will还可表达说话时临时做出的决定。What time is it?I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you.几点了？我不知道。稍等，我帮你看一下。一般将来时表示从现在看来将要发生的动

10、作或状态。17目录三、一般将来时be going to动词原形。2“be going to动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。I am going to buy some books with my sister this afternoon.我打算下午和姐姐去买些书。Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.看那些乌云。天要下雨了。18目录三、一般将来时be to 动词原形，表示按计划进行的动作或征求对方意见。3The boy is to go to school tomorrow.男孩明天要去上学。Are we to go

11、on with this work?我们要继续这项工作吗？名师指津be to do和be going to do的区别be to do表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to do表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主观想法)19目录四、过去将来时过去将来时的常用表达法：would/should动词原形。1表示对过去某一

12、时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在状态。I hoped that we would meet again someday.我希望将来有一天我们能再见面。20目录四、过去将来时过去将来时的常用表达法：would/should动词原形。1表示过去的某种习惯行为。I would swim in the small river after school when I was a child.我小时候放学后总是在这条小河里游泳。21目录四、过去将来时过去将来时的其他表达法2was/were going to do表示过去的打算和意图。He was going to start work the follow

13、ing week.他打算接下来的那个星期开始工作。22目录四、过去将来时过去将来时的其他表达法2was/were to动词原形。这种结构通常指这种结构通常指过去的计划、安排或注定要发生过去的计划、安排或注定要发生的事情。如果计划的动作没有实现，的事情。如果计划的动作没有实现，要用动词的完成式。要用动词的完成式。He said he was to meet his friend at the station at 4 pm.他说他下午四点去车站接他朋友。(计划安排)23目录四、过去将来时过去将来时的其他表达法2was/were about to动词原形。这种结构表示过去即将发生的事，这种结构表示

14、过去即将发生的事，常与常与whenwhen连用连用。I was about to go out when someone called me.我正要出门，这时有人给我打电话。24目录五、现在完成时表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作，其结果的影响现在依然存在。有时与just，already，yet，recently，before，twice，three times等时间状语连用，常与非延续性动词连用。1I dont want to go to the cinema with you，because I have seen the film already.我不想和你一起去看电影，因为我已经看过那部

15、电影了。现在完成时的谓语构成：have(has)过去分词。25目录五、现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“since时间点”、“for时间段”及 so far，up to now，till now，in the last/past few years等时间状语连用。2The film Wolf Warrior has received good reviews since it came out last month.电影战狼自上个月上映以来获得了许多好评。26目录五、现在完成时常用现在完成时的句型3It is the most instructive lectu

16、re that I have attended since I came to this school.这是自从我到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。在“It(This)is the best(worst，most interesting等)名词从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。27目录五、现在完成时常用现在完成时的句型3It is the third time that you have been late for work this week，isnt it?这已经是本周你第三次上班迟到了，不是吗？在“It(This)is(will be)the first/second/thi

17、rd.timethat从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。28目录六、过去完成时过去完成时的构成为haddone。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，句中有明显的表示过去的参照动作或时间状语。1By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.汤姆失望

18、了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。29目录六、过去完成时动词hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。2We had hoped that you would come，but you didnt.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。30目录六、过去完成时常用过去完成时的句型3Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。“

19、hardly(scarcely).when.，no sooner.than.”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“刚就”。31目录六、过去完成时常用过去完成时的句型3That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.这是她第二次看见她的祖父了。表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。名师指津两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连接时，多用一般过去时。When she saw the mouse，she screamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。My aunt g

20、ave me a hat and I lost it.姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。32目录七、现在完成进行时现在完成进行时的构成为have/hasbeendoing。表示过去的动作持续到现在刚刚结束或有可能延续下去，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。1Tom looks tired because he has been cleaning the house since 9 am.汤姆看上去很累，因为他从上午九点到现在一直在打扫房间了。33目录七、现在完成进行时表示反复发生的动作。2You have been saying you can succeed for five year

21、s.五年来你一直在说你能成功。表示某种感情色彩。3Too much has been happening today.今天真是一个多事的日子。34目录八、现在进行时现在进行时的构成。1情况情况变化规则变化规则例词例词一般情况一般情况在词尾直接加在词尾直接加ingingworkworkingworkworkingstudystudyingstudystudying以不发音的以不发音的e e结尾的动词结尾的动词去去e e再加再加inginghavehavinghavehavingtaketakingtaketaking以重读闭音节结尾，且末以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母尾只有一个辅音字母

22、双写该辅音字母再加双写该辅音字母再加ingingcutcutting cutcutting beginbeginningbeginbeginning以以ieie结尾的动词结尾的动词变变ie ie为为y y再加再加inginglielying diedyinglielying diedying现在进行时的构成形式为：现在进行时的构成形式为：am/is/aream/is/arev.v.inging。v.v.inging形式的变化规则如下：形式的变化规则如下：35目录八、现在进行时现在进行时的用法2We are waiting for you at the airport.我们正在机场等你。表示现在

23、(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。Mr.Green is writing another novel these days.这些天格林先生在写另一部小说。(说话时可能并未在写)表示当前一段时间正在进行的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。36目录八、现在进行时现在进行时的用法2Its getting warmer and warmer.天越来越暖和了。表示逐渐变化的动作，这样的动词有：get，grow，become，turn，run，go，begin等。You are always changing your mind.你老是改变主意。与always，constantly，forever 等词连用，

24、表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观感情色彩。37目录八、现在进行时现在进行时的用法2 名师指津不用进行时的动词(1)表示事实状态的动词和心理状态的动词，如 belong，possess，owe，exist，include，contain，continue，know，realize，believe，suppose，imagine，agree，recognize，prefer，understand等。This house belongs to my sister.这房子是我姐的。(2)系动词，如seem，remain，lie，see，hear，smell，feel，taste

25、，get，become，turn等。You seem a little tired.你看上去有点累。38目录九、过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有：at six this morning，the whole morning，all day yesterday，from nine to ten last evening等。I was making a modal plane at nine yesterday evening.我昨天晚上九点正在制作模型飞机。139目录九、过去进行时过去进行时的另一个主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另

26、一个短动作发生，常用于when和 while引导的时间状语从句。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。2402PART TWO 动词的语态41目录一、被动语态的构成被动语态由被动语态由“助动词助动词bebe及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成，构成，bebe动词有人称、数和时态动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化(以动词以动词buildbuild为例为例)列表如下：列表如下：状态 时间一般进行完成现现在在am/is/are

27、builtam/is/are builtam/is/are being builtam/is/are being builthas/have been builthas/have been built过过去去was/were builtwas/were builtwas/were being was/were being builtbuilthad been builthad been built将来将来shall/will be builtshall/will be builtshall/will have been shall/will have been builtbuilt过过去将来去

28、将来should/would be should/would be builtbuilt42目录一、部分倒装The window is dirty.It hasnt been cleaned for weeks.窗户脏了。已经好几周没擦了。All the employees are encouraged to work online at home.所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people eat healthily.如果人们能健康地饮食，那么死于心脏病的人

29、数将大大减少。名师指津含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词be过去分词The boxes must be moved into the house before it rains.这些箱子必须在下雨前搬到房间里去。43目录二、被动语态的基本用法不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。This jacket is made of cotton.这件上衣是棉料的。1为了强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.要求参观者不可触摸展品。244目录二、被动语态的基本用法用在科技文献或新闻报道中

30、。Cars of this kind were made in the 1980s.这种小汽车是二十世纪80年代制造的。3 名师指津get过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。45目录三、主动形式表达被动意义系动词(look,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,seem,appear等)形容词或名词。The dish tastes good.这菜味道不错。1表示开始、结束、运动的动词(begin,finish,close,open,start,stop,shut，move,

31、run等)。The store closes at 6：00 pm.every day.商店每天下午六点关门。246目录三、主动形式表达被动意义表示主语的特点或特征的动词(read,write,sell，wash,wear,cut,lock,act,draw,drive,drink,eat,clean等)。Books of this kind sell well.这类书很畅销。The pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。3473PART THREE 主谓一致48目录主谓一致主谓一致是指主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三

32、个原则，即，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致语法一致原则原则、意义一致原则意义一致原则和和就近一致原则就近一致原则。做题时还要注意时态及其他语法及词义的正。做题时还要注意时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。确性。49目录一、语法一致原则动名词、动词不定式、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。1Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。Every

33、thing is in a complete mess,which drives people crazy.所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。50目录一、语法一致原则主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。2Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻

34、子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。51目录一、语法一致原则由“kind，type，sort，a quantity of，quantities of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。3This new type of buses is now on show.这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。With more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good ea

35、rth is being washed away each year.With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。52目录一、语法一致原则“more than one/many a单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。4More than one person is involved in this.与

36、此事有牵连的不止一个人。Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加周日即将举办的聚会。53目录二、意义一致原则集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。1意义一致原则意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单指不管主语的形式是单数还是

37、复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数复数。The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。The class are doing experiments.全班学生都在做实验。54目录二、意义一致原则the rest of.，the remaining/part.主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意义而定。2The factory used three fifths of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes.工厂用了这种原

38、材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。55目录二、意义一致原则分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。3About 50%of the land is suitable to grow plants.大约50%的土地适合种植物。About 80%of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up.这个城市中大约80%的人反对自来水价格上调。56目录二、意义一致原则单复数同形的名词作主语的情况。单复数同形的名词，如means，works，sheep，deer，crossr

39、oads，series等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据具体情况而定。4There are various means of communicating with a stranger.同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。57目录二、意义一致原则从句作主语的情况。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据从句的意义决定。5That Jack has gone abroad makes us all surprised.杰克出国了，这使我们都很惊讶。What he says and acts do not agree.他的言行不一致。(指他说的话和他做的事，是复数

40、概念)58目录三、就近一致原则由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。1Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。59目录三、就近一致原则由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。2There is a dog and two cats at the door.门口有一条狗和两只猫

41、。60目录三、就近一致原则分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。3The factory used three fifths of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes.工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。61针对训练62目录.单句语法填空1Later,engineers _(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the T

42、ube.(2017全国卷)2When fat and salt _(remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017全国卷)3Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _(be)often acceptable.(2016全国卷)4Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make)of gold and silver with Chinese ch

43、aracters.(2016全国卷)5Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _(be)too violent for use at the table.(2016全国卷)managed are removed is be made were 63目录.单句语法填空6Mr.Green as well as his children _(go)to the park every Sunday.7What her father left her _(be)only some books.8My hobby is w

44、idespread，which _(include)drawing，collecting stamps and so on.9Now Professor Smith，along with his assistants，_(be)working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.10Between the two rows of trees _(stand)the teaching building.goes are includes is stands 64目录.单句语法填空11I _(intend)to call on you

45、，but I had an unexpected visitor.12The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _(reward)with success in the end.13This is because two thirds of the earths surface _(be)made up of vast oceans.14Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear)evenin

46、g dress.15Not only I but also Jane and Mary _(be)tired of having one examination after another.had intended will be rewarded is wears are 65目录.单句语法填空16We _(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，but for the week after.17If it _(turn)cold again，theyll dive back down.But they come out a

47、gain if it is warm.18It is the most instructive lecture that I _(attend)since I came to this school.19It _(rain)when they left the station.20In the last few years，China _(make)great achievements in environmental protection.were told turns have attended was raining has made 66目录.单句改错1I had grown not

48、only physically，but also mentally in the past few years.(2017全国卷)2About one month after this photo was took,I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.(2017全国卷)3Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.(201

49、6全国卷)4A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.(2015全国卷)5Every means have been considered but none is proper.havetakenusedtold has 67目录.单句改错6Whether the temple should be pulled down have caused a heated discussion.7Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the party yest

50、erday.8One day I saw an advertisement in a local newspaper.I ring up the company，and I was given the job immediately.9The answer sheet must cut from the newspaper and sent to China Daily before the deadline.10In the past two and a half years，our school had organized many activities.has was rang be h