英语诗歌分类知识分享.ppt

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1、英语诗歌分类3、素体诗(无韵体诗)（Blank Verse）：五音步抑扬格，不押韵诗体。the unrhymed iambic pentameter line vWilliam Wordsworth:There Was a BoyThere was a Boy;ye knew him well,ye cliffs And islands of Winander!many a time,At evening,when the earliest stars beganTo move along the edges of the hills,Rising or setting,would he st

2、and alone,Beneath the trees,or by the glimmering lake;And there,with fingers interwoven,both handsPressed closely palm to palm and to his mouthUplifted,he,as through an instrument,Blew mimic hootings to the silent owlsThat they might answer him.And they would shoutAcross the watery vale,and shout ag

3、ain,Responsive to his call,with quivering peals,And long halloos,and screams,and echoes loudRedoubled and redoubled;concourse wildOf jocund din!And,when there came a pauseOf silence such as baffled his best skill:Then,sometimes,in that silence,while he hungListening,a gentle shock of mild surpriseHa

4、s carried far into his heart the voiceOf mountain-torrents;or the visible sceneWould enter unawares into his mindWith all its solemn imagery,its rocks,Its woods,and that uncertain heaven receivedInto the bosom of the steady lake.This boy was taken from his mates,and diedIn childhood,ere he was full

5、twelve years old.Pre-eminent in beauty is the valeWhere he was born and bred:the churchyard hangsUpon a slope above the village-school;And through that churchyard when my way has ledOn summer-evenings,I believe that thereA long half-hour together I have stoodMute looking at the grave in which he lie

6、s!4、自由诗（Free Verse）v自由诗（Free Verse）:现代诗中常见的体式，长短不同的诗行存在于同一首诗中，不讲究押韵与格律，只注重诗歌所表达的意象和传递的情感。美国诗人Walt Whitman的（Leaves of Grass）中，就采用此格式。Song of MyselfvI celebrate myself,and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I

7、learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.My tongue,every atom of my blood,formd from this soil,this air,Born here of parents born here from parents the same,and their parents the same,I,now thirty seven years old in perfect health begin,Hoping to cease not till death.Creeds and s

8、chools in abeyance,Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are,but never forgotten.I harbor for good or bad,I permit to speak at every hazard.Nature without check with original energy.vNotes:a spear of:a piece of school:学说，流派 hazard:chanceabeyance:the condition of not being in use for a certain

9、time 惠特曼（Walt Whitman,1819-1892），美国诗人。此诗选自其巨著。本文是Song of Myself 一诗的第一部分，采用自由诗体，语言接近当时的美国口语。5、Epic poetryvit is a long verse narrative on a serious subject,told in a formal and elevated style,and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe,a nation,or the

10、human race.v史诗是叙述英雄传说和重大历史事件的叙事长诗。一种庄严的文学体裁，内容为民间传说或歌颂英雄功绩的长篇叙事诗，它涉及的主题可以包括历史事件、民族、宗教或传说史诗史诗一般分作两种，一种为“传统史诗传统史诗”或“原始史诗”，主要是以口头流传的形式世代相传，随着时间而增添情节，最后被整理、加工，以文字记载成为一部统一的作品。这类史诗的代表有荷马的史诗作品伊利亚特和奥德赛。另一种为文学作家以特定的观念目的有意识地编写而成的“文学史文学史诗诗”，这类史诗的代表有维吉尔的埃涅阿斯纪和约翰弥尔顿的失乐园。6、英雄双韵体(Heroic Couplet),the rhymed couplet

11、 of iambic pentameter v是一种英国古典诗体，由乔叟首创。由十音节双韵诗体演化而来，每行五个音步,每个音步有两个音节,第一个是轻音,第二个是重音.句式均衡、整齐、准确、简洁、考究。举例 拿四行诗的押韵方式为例，有abab型，有abcb型，有abba型，有aabb型，还有aaab型。第四种（aabb型）实际上是双行押韵，英语称之为couplet,如果每行五音步，则称之为“英雄双押韵”(heroic couplet)；The Canterbury Tales-General ProloguevAs soon as April pierces to the rootvThe dr

12、ought of March,and bathes each bud and shootvThrough every vein of sap with gentle showersvFrom whose engendering liquor spring the flowers;vWhen zephyrs have breathed softly all aboutvInspiring every wood and field to sprout,vAnd in the zodiac the youthful sunvHis journey halfway through the Ram ha

13、s run;vWhen little birds are busy with their songvWho sleep with open eyes the whole night longvLife stirs their hearts and tingle in them so,vThen off as pilgrims people long to go,vAnd palmers to set out for distant strandsvAnd foreign shrines renowned in many lands.vAnd specially in England peopl

14、e ridevTo Canterbury from every countrysidevTo visit there the blessed martyred saintvWho gave them strength when they were sick and faint.7、Ballads and popular ballads大众民谣vDefinition of the ballad:v A ballad,flourished in the 15th century,is a story told in song,usually in 4-line stanzas,with the s

15、econd and fourth lines rhymed.vPopular BalladsvBallads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.vLiterature of the common people.vflourished in the 15th century,printed until the 18th and 19th.vThe best known of the earliest collections was Bishop Thomas Percys“Rel

16、iques of Ancient English Poetry”.v英国民谣（英国民谣（English Ballad），起源于中世纪末期，即），起源于中世纪末期，即12、13世纪，兴盛于世纪，兴盛于14、15世纪，复兴于世纪，复兴于18、19世纪，是英国世纪，是英国最古老的最古老的诗歌诗歌形式之一。它主要包括两大部分，英格兰民谣形式之一。它主要包括两大部分，英格兰民谣和苏格兰民谣。和苏格兰民谣。Get Up and Bear the DoorvIt fell about the Martinmas time,v And a gay time it was then,vWhen our good

17、wife got puddings to make,v And shes boiled them in the pan.vThe wind so cold blew south and north,v And blew into the floor;vQuoth our goodman to our goodwife,v “Go out and bar the door.”v“My hand is in my hussyfscap,v Goodman,as ye may see;vIf it should not be barrd this hundred year,v Its not be

18、barrd by me.”vThey made a paction tween them two,v They made it firm and sure,vThat the first word whoeer should speak,v Should rise and bar the door.vThen by there came two gentlemen,v At twelve oclock at night,vAnd they could neither see house nor hall,v Nor coal,nor candlelight,v“Now whether is t

19、his a rich mans house,v Or whether is it a poor?”vBut neer a word would one of them speak,v For barring of the door,vAnd first they ate white puddings,v And then they ate the black:vTho much thought the goodwife to herself,v Yet neer a word she spake,vThen said the one unto the other,v “Here,man,tak

20、e ye ma knife;vDo you take off the old mans beard,v And Ill kiss the goodwife,”v“But theres no water in the house,v And what shall we do then?”v“What ails ye at the pudding-broth,v That boils into the pan?”vO,up then started our goodman,v An angry man was he;v“Will ye kiss my wife before my eye,v An

21、d scald me with pudding-broth?”vO up then started our goodwife,v Made three skips on the floor;v“Goodman,youve spoken the foremost word;v Get up and bar the door.”Triplet/tercet(三韵句，三行押韵的诗节):v Triplet:a unit or group of three lines,usu.rhymed.三行诗节(three-line stanza，triplet)押韵的形式多样，如：aaa；aab，ccb；aba，

22、bcb v v ODE TO THE WEST WIND(V)Shellyv Make me thy lyre,even as the forest is:v What if my leaves are falling like its own!v The tumult of thy mighty harmoniesv v Will take from both a deep,autumnal tone,v Sweet though in sadness.Be thou,Spirit fierce,v My spirit!Be thou me,impetuous one!v v v v Dri

23、ve my dead thoughts over the universev Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth!v And,by the q of this verse,v Scatter,as from an unextinguished hearthv Ashes and sparks,my words among mankind!v Be through my lips to unawakened Earthv The trumpet of a prophecy!O Wind,v If Winter comes,can Spring

24、be far behind?四行诗节quatrain:a stanza of four linesv可以押联韵(couplet rhyme)aabb,也可以押套韵(interlaced rhyme)即abab；还可以押间韵(intermittent rhyme)即abcb；又可押抱韵(enclosing rhyme)即abba。vAwake，awake，my 1ittle boy!vThou was thy mothers only joy；vWhy dost thou weep in thy gentle sleep?vAwake!thy father does thee keepvWill

25、iam Blakev(联韵)vSunset and evening star，vAnd one clear call for me!vAnd may there be no moaning of the bar，vWhen I put out to seavTennyson，Crossing the Barv(套韵)vBreak，break，break，vOn thy cold grey stones，O Sea!vAnd 1 would that my tongue could uttervThe thoughts that arise in mevTennyson Break，Break，

26、Breakv(间韵)vI hold it truewhateer befall，vI feel it when I sorrow most；vTis never to have loved at al1vThen never to have loved at al1vTennyson In Memoriamv(抱韵)vO my luve is like a red,red rose,v Thats newly sprung in June;v O my luve is like the melodiev Thats sweetly playd in tune.v As fair art thou,my bonie lass,v So deep in luve am I;v And I will luve thee still,my dear,v Till a the seas gang dry.此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢