高考英语（课标版）一轮复习讲学案：专题五　阅读补全（七选五）+Word版含答案.doc

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1、专题五阅读补全(七选五)【考纲解读】卷名考点20212021202120212021课标课标课标课标课标课标课标课标课标课标课标课标主旨句111111201101过渡句322231111111细节句122213243343考点内容阅读补全主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑的理解和掌握。分析解读阅读补全即“七选五题型,它要求考生在一篇留有5个空白约300词的短文中,根据文章结构、内容,从所给的7个选项中选出最正确答案,填入相应的空白处,使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。这种题型突出考查考生的语篇结构分析能力,属于对语言使用范畴及语言组织规律的考查,即对文章篇章结构的考查。【命题探究】

2、(2021课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou􀆳retryingtogetworkdone.1,thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Let􀆳stakealookatthemnow.2.Tellthepersonyou􀆳resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskifthetwoof

3、youcantalkatadifferenttime.Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou,havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou􀆳llfindthemthen.3.Itcanhelptoeliminate(消除)futureinterruptions.Whenyouneedtotalktosomeone,don􀆳tdoitinyourownoffice.4,it􀆳smucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetb

4、acktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare.命题方法命题人从一篇文章(说明文)中抽出主旨句、过渡句及细节句进行命题,其中以从事实细节方面命题的比例较大。精准审题通过扫读方法了解本文为说明文,介绍了在工作中如何防止被干扰的方法。文章架构属于“总分形式。解题步骤1.通过设题位置判断(1)段首设空一般找能概括本文中心意思的选项。(2)段尾设空一般找能总结归纳该段的选项。2.根据语境线索判断。语境线索主要指反响上下文关系的衔接手段,如篇章结构、词语重现、逻辑、连接、指代、同构等。

5、(1)“词语重现不仅指词语的简单出现,而且指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。(2)“逻辑指事物之间存在的必然的关系,包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总分关系等。(3)“连接是指用连接词或连接语说明上下文之间的逻辑关系,如and,however,therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,inaword等词语。(4)“指代是指用代词代替前文提到过的人物、事件、物品等,如it,he,she,they等。(5)“同构是指上下文使用同一结构或类似的句子。Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffic

6、e,makegooduseofit.5.Ifsomeoneknocksandit􀆳snotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou􀆳rebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)thatwhenthedoorisclosed,you􀆳renottobedisturbed.A.Ifyou􀆳rebusy,don􀆳tfeelbadaboutsayingnoD.Ifyou􀆳reintheotherperson

7、49011;sofficeorinapublicareaE.It􀆳simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou􀆳llbeavailableeemunkindtocutpeopleshortwhentheyinterruptyouG.Leaveitopenwhenyou􀆳reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou􀆳renot高效解题第1题:本空在第一段,本段是总体概括并引出下文。空格处为从句,空格后的句子为主句,只有B、D两项符合要求。本段第1个词Interruptions

8、与B项中的interruptions属于词语重现,故答案为B项。从第2段开始作者分别介绍了免受干扰的几个方法。第2题:第2空在段首,为本段主题句,根据下面的支撑句结合A项中的“don􀆳tfeelbadaboutsayingno可推知答案为A项。第3题:本段首句(当人们想干扰你,安排好时间,告诉他们在那个时间来或在那个时间你去找他们)为本段主题句,第3空是对上句的进一步说明,E项中“letthemknowwhenyou􀆳llbeavailable与上句中的“letthemknowtocomebackduringthattime为同构形式,故答案为E项。第4题:

9、第1句中“don􀆳tdoitinyourownoffice与D项中的otherperson􀆳soffice相对应,故答案为D项。此外根据句子结构可知本空为状语从句,设空处后为主句,选项中只有B、D两项符合,再根据词汇复现现象,很容易得出答案为D项。第5题:本段的主题是充分利用办公室的门(door),G项中的it指代上句中的door,此外G项中的open与door也有关系,故答案为G项。【答案】【注释】Ifsomeoneknocksandit􀆳snotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandlettheperso

10、nknowyou􀆳rebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)thatwhenthedoorisclosed,you􀆳renottobedisturbed.如果有人敲门,并且不是重要的事情,那你就为自己找个理由,让这个人知道你很忙,这样他们就会得到这种暗示:当门关着的时候,你不想被干扰。if引导条件状语从句。在主句中,you􀆳rebusy是know的宾语;so(that)引导目的状语从句,其中包含一个that引导的同位语从句,解释说明hint的内容。同时同位语从句中又包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句。【五年高考】Passa

11、ge1(2021课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.1Thefriendswhointroduc

12、edmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.2Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor􀆳sbillformyson􀆳sfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,

13、talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.3Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.4enhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.5Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendt

14、hatyoufindyourwayinstyle.A.Thistimetherewasnotent.B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.mpingsincethen,however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.答案Passage2(2

15、021课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinresettingyourbodyclock.1Here􀆳showtomakeone.2havebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyou

16、areclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre-arrangingyourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags.3That􀆳saquarter-hou

17、rmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer.Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou􀆳retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.4Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.K

18、eeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou􀆳vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.5Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,kee

19、pitup.ime,nomattertheday.G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.答案Passage3(2021浙江)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoDoMan-on-the-StreetInterviewsTheman-on-the-streetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporterhitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthespot.1Butwitht

20、hesetips,yourfirstman-on-the-streetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy.Whenyourbossorprofessorsendsyououttodoman-on-the-streetinterviewsforastory,thinkaboutthetopicanddevelopalistofabouttengeneralquestionsrelatingtoit.Forexample,ifyourtopicisaboutenvironmentalproblemsinAmerica,youmightask,“Whydoyouthinkenv

21、ironmentalprotectionisimportantinAmerica?2Hitthestreetswithconfidence.3Say,“Excuseme,IworkforXYZNews,andIwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionaboutthistopic.Thisisaquickwaytogetpeopletowarmuptoyou.Moveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotinterestedintalkingoncamera.Don􀆳tgetdiscouraged

22、.4Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn􀆳tbelongerthantenminutes.Assoonasyougettheansweryouneed,moveontothenextperson.Makesurethatasyougofrominterviewtointerview,youaregettingavarietyofanswers.Ifeveryoneisgivingyouthesameanswer,youwon􀆳tbeabletouseit.Asafenumberofinterviewstocond

23、uctisaboutsixtoten.5Ifyournewsstationorschoolrequiresintervieweestosignreleaseformstoappearontheair,don􀆳tleaveworkwithoutthem.A.Limityourtime.B.Asyouapproachpeople,bepolite.C.Ifyoudon􀆳townacamera,youcanbuyone.D.Fornewreporters,thiscanseemlikeachallengingtask.esults,askthemthesamequ

24、estion.F.Thatnumberofinterviewsshouldgiveyoualltheanswersyouneed.G.Withaquestionlikethis,youwillgetmorethana “Yes or “No reply.答案Passage4(2021北京)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.1Onei

25、deaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.2Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)inthebraincanbeweakenedo

26、vernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.3Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.4Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi􀆳stheoryisright,itwouldexpla

27、inwhy,whenwemissanight􀆳ssleep,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformationourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedth

28、esamesize.5“Youkeepwhatmatters, Tononisays.A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It􀆳sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.E.That􀆳swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Slee

29、pisthepricewepayforlearning, saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi􀆳steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.答案5.BPassage5(2021课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Secretcodes(密码)keepmessagesprivate.Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecret

30、codesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.1Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.2Forexample,thefirstlettersof “Myelephanteats

31、toomanyeelsspelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.3Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample.Let􀆳snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage “Meetmewouldread“135520215.Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofar

32、ealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.4Forexample, “bridgemightstandfor “meetand“outmightstandfor “me.Themessage“Bridgeoutwouldactuallymean“Meetme.5However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.codebook.B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthek

33、eywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.答案Passage6(

34、2021课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Agardenthat􀆳sjustrightforyouHaveyouevervisitedagardenthatseemedjustrightforyou,wheretheatmosphereofthegardenappearedtototalmorethanthesum(总和)ofitsparts?1.Butitdoesn􀆳thappenbyaccident.Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandin

35、gwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.2outusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).3.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatag

36、ardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma􀆳srosegardenandDad􀆳svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat􀆳snotwhat􀆳simportant.4howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou􀆳dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth

37、.5.Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.C.It􀆳sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD.It􀆳sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersorsandclosetoplantsF.Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,tooG.Foreachofthosegardens,wri

38、tedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave答案Passage7(2021课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth.1Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon􀆳tcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear,butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome.Buying,storing

39、,andcookingfishisn􀆳tdifficult.2Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway.3Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:youshouldfeelthatyou􀆳restandingattheocean􀆳sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn􀆳tfresh.4Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you􀆳dbetterstorethefis

40、hintherefrigeratorifyoudon􀆳tcookitimmediately,butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.Frozenfishisn􀆳tastastyasthefreshone.Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish.5First,cleanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices(调料).Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10m

41、inutesifitweighsaboutonepound.(Alargeronewilltakemoretime.)Then,it􀆳sreadytoserve.A.Donotbuyit.B.Theeasiestistosteamit.C.Thisishowyoucandoit.D.Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.E.Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.F.Whenbuyingfish,youshouldfirstsmellit.tdisease.答案Passage8(2021四川)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白

42、处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries.1Ingeneral,theycanexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.Onereasonforthisisbiological.Oneimportantbiologicalfactorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.2Betweentheagesofabout12and50,wom

43、enproducehormonesthatareinvolvedinfertility(生育能力).Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandthebloodflow.Infact,womenarelesslikelytohavehighbloodpressureortodiefromheartattacks.3Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygetsicklessoftenandlessseriously

44、thanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen.4Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowgenesinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawoman􀆳sbodycellshaveatendency(倾向)toagemoreslowlythanaman􀆳s.Othersthinkthataman􀆳sbodycellshaveatendencytoa

45、gemorequickly.5A.However,women,onaverage,livelonger.B.Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart.C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.E.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.F.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife.G.

46、Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolvariousbodyfunctions.答案Passage9(2021北京)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.1Someofusenjoyactivitie

47、sthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.2Asthequalityofrisk-takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventurea

48、ndatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren􀆳twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.3Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.4Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakings