初中英语趣味阅读理解题.doc

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1、清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站： 清华大学英语教授研究组提供初中英语时态总结动词的时态 英语共有16种时态，根据近几年曝光的四、六级考卷分析，时态测试重点主要有：完成时态现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时；进行时态现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时；一般时态。 一、一般时态 1、一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week等连用。例如： 1)T

2、he moon moves round the earth. 2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day. (2)在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment以及if，unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： 1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2)I will not go to countryside if it rains t

3、omorrow. (3)某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、方案或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave等。例如： 1)The plane leaves at three sharp. 2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow. (4)在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： 1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. 2)Youll pr

4、obably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站： 清华大学英语教授研究组提供2.一般过去时 (1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如： 1)He always went to class last. 2)I used to do my homework in the li

5、brary. (注意与be used to doing短语的区别) 3.一般将来时 1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如： I shall graduate next year. 2)几种替代形式： 1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： Im going to buy a house when weve saved enough money. 2)be to +v表示方案安排要做的事，具有“必要的强制性意义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情

6、。例如： He was about to start. 4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5)be on the point/verge of +v ing强调即将发生的某种事态。例如： The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. 清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站： 清华大学英语教授研究组提供二、进行时态 1.现在进行时 (1)表示现在正在进行的动作，常与n

7、ow，right now，at the mother，for the time being，for the present等连用。例如： Dont disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now. (2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作，常与always，continually，forever，constantly等连用。例如： My father is forever criticizing me. (3)表示根据方案或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有：go，com

8、e，leave，start，arrive，return等。例如： They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. (4)有些动词不能用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉，感情，存在，附属等的动词。如：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，appear，(表示感觉的词)；hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive(表示感情的动词)；be，exist，remain，stay，obtain(表示存在状态的动词)；have，possess，own，contain，belong

9、，consist of，form(表示占有与附属的动词)；understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember(表示思考理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变，便也可用进行时态。例如： 1)Tom looks pale. Whats wrong with him? (look在此为联系动词，意为“显得，看上去) 2)Tom is looking for his books. (look在此为实义动词，意为“寻找) 2.过去进行时 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always，conti

10、nually，constantly等动词连用。例如： 1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk. 3.将来进行时 将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如： 1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2)What will you be do

11、ing at six tomorrow evening? 4.完成进行时 (现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式，将放在完成时态局部讲述。 三、完成时态 完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为： 1.现在完成时 (1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作(常与yet，already，just连用)，或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况(常与for，since连用)。例如： 1)I have just finished my homework. 2)Mary has been ill for three days. (2)常与现在完成时连

12、用的时间状语有：since, for, during, over等引导出的短语；副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如： 1)I havent been there for five years. 2)So far, she hasnt enjoyed the summer vacation. 3)There have be

13、en a lot of changes since 1978.(3)完成时态可用在以下结构中： This (That, It) is (was) the first (second) time +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如： (1)This is one of the rarest questions

14、 that have ever been raised at such a meeting. (2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening. 2.过去完成时 (1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如： 1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 2)By the en

15、d of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. (2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如： I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. 另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事的表达方式是： 1)was / were + to have done sth,例如： We were to h

16、ave come yesterday, but we couldnt. 2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如： I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. (3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型： 1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如： Hardly had I got on the bus when i

17、t started to move. 2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如： No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 3)by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如： The experiment had been finished by 4 oclock yesterday afternoon. 3.将来完成时 将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜想。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time /

18、 the end of ) +表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如： 1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. 2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 oclock. 3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left. 4.完成进行时 完成进行时是完成时的

19、强调形式，有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时。 (1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it. (2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many pl

20、aces. (3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如： By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours. 清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站： 清华大学英语教授研究组提供四：时态一致 时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容。通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原那么是： 1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时，从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态 He says that he lives in Wuhan. We hope that

21、there will be many people at your party today. “Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house? “Yes, but I dont know who bought it. “Theres a lot of excitement on the street. “There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned? 2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候，从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态 He said he was writing a n

22、ovel. The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment. He said his father had been an engineer. 3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时，从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例如： The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder. 注：在此种情况下，即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态，从句谓语也应用一般现在时。 4、从句谓语只能用虚拟

23、语气的情况利用时态一致原那么确定从句动词时态时，还应注意，假设主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词，从句谓语只能用虚拟语气，不能遵循时态一致原那么。例如： We insisted that we do it ourselves. 动词的语态 语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态) 2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态) 1.不能用于被动语态的动词和短语

24、(1)在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。 (2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。 2.被动语态的时态形式 常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式。 表1 时?SPAN lang=EN-US 一般时 进行时

25、完成时 现在 am asked am being asked is asked is being asked are asked are being asked 过去 was be asked was being asked were be asked were being asked 将来 shall be asked shall have been asked will be asked will have been asked 过去 should be asked should have been asked 将来 would be asked would have been asked

26、 3.短语动词的被动语态 短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如： 1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at. 2)All the rubbish should be got rid of. 4.“get + -ed分词的被动语态 “get + -ed分词结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如： The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 另外，“get + -ed分词还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动

27、的行为。例如： get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚) get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解) get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸) get married(结婚) 5.能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态 (1)能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保存下来。例如： 1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主动语态) 2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被动语态) 3)Our new

28、 products were shown to the visitors.(被动语态) (2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如： 1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态) 2)He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态) 6.被动语态与系表结构的区别 (1)The novel was well written.(系表结构) (2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被动语态) 7.少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思 例1：The

29、 book is selling remarkably well. 例2：The song sounds very beautiful. 能这样用的动词还有read(读起来)，clean(擦起来)，wash(洗起来)，write(写起来)。 例3：My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned). 能像need这样用的动词还有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。 例4：The meat is cooking. 例5：The book written by the professor i

30、s printing.清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站： 清华大学英语教授研究组提供初中英语趣味阅读理解题4清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站： 清华大学英语教授研究组提供哈佛大学英语系研究，美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。官方网站：哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供Henry was an office worker in a big city. Henry was an office worker in a big city. He worked very hard and enjoyed traveling in his holidays. He u

31、sually went to the seaside, but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper. “Enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at West Hill Farm. Good food. Fresh air. Horse riding. Walking. Fishing. Cheap and interesting. “This sounds a good idea, he thought. “Ill spend a month at West Hill Farm. I think

32、I can enjoy horse riding, walking and fishing. Theyll make a change from sitting by the seaside and swimming. He wrote to the farmer. In the letter he said that he would like to spend all of July there. Then on the first of July, he left for West Hill Farm. But four days later, he returned home. “Wh

33、at was wrong with West Hill Farm? his best friend, Ed, asked him. “Didnt you enjoy country life? “Country life was very good, Henry said. “But there was another problem. “Oh. What? “Well, he said, “the first day I was there a sheep died, and we had roast mutton for dinner. “Whats wrong with that? Ed

34、 asked. “Fresh meat is the best. “I know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner. “Lucky you! “You dont understand, Henry said. “On the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner. “A different meat every day, Ed said loudly, “ and you are complaining! “Let me f

35、inish, Henry said. “On the fourth day the farmer died, and I didnt dare (敢)stay for dinner!1.How did Henry find out about the farm?A. He saw it in a newspaper advertisement. B. His best friend told him. C. He wrote to the farmer. D. Maybe he learned it from the radio.2. Henry came back home several

36、days later because _. A. he didnt like the country life at all B. the farmer wasnt friendly to him C. his holiday was over D. he thought he might have to eat the farmer3. “and you are complaining!, the word “complain means _.A.夸奖 B.解释 C.抱怨 D.故弄玄虚4.Which of the following sentences is true?A. Ed could

37、 eat a different kind of meat every day.B. Henry thought he could enjoy a change.C. Henry couldnt think of anything else to do, so he went to the farm.D. The farmer died because of the bad meat he ate.5.Which is the best title for the passage?A. What a beautiful farm! B. Have a good time. C.A short

38、holiday D. Henry and the farmer.A farmer had a cow.A farmer had a cow. He took very good care of this cow and one day when it was ill, he was very worried. He telephoned the vet. “Whats the problem? The vet asked him when he arrived. “My cows ill, the farmer said. “I dont know whats the matter with

39、her. Shes lying down and wont eat. Shes making a strange noise. The vet looked over the cow. Shes certainly ill, he said, and she needs to take some very strong medicine. He took a bottle out of his box, put two pills into his hand and said, Give her these. The pills should make her better. “How sho

40、uld I give them to her? the farmer asked. The vet gave him a tube (管子)and said, Put this tube in her mouth, then put the pills in the tube and blow. Thatll make it. The next day the vet came to the farm again. The farmer was sitting outside his house and looked more worried. “Hows your cow? the vet

41、asked. “No change, the farmer said, “and Im feeling very strange myself. “Oh? the vet said, Why? “I did what you said, the farmer answered. “I put the tube in the cows mouth and then put two pills down it. “And? the vet asked. “The cow blew first, the farmer said.1. In the story, the vet must be _.A

42、. the farmers friend B. a milk factoryC. a hospital for cows D. a doctor for animals2.The farmer asked the vet for help when his cow _A. couldnt lie down B. didnt eat the pills C. couldnt make any noise D. was ill3.What medicine did the vet give the farmer?A. Bottle of pills. B. A long tube. C. Two

43、pills. D. A small box.4.The vet taught the farmer how _.A. to blow the tube B. to make the cow take the pillsC. to take the medicine D. to put the tube in his mouth5.Which of the following is true?A. The farmer ate the pills himself.B. The cow got better after taking the medicine.C. The vet came to

44、help the farmer change the cow the next day.D. The farmer waited for the vet outside his house the next day.Ellen Parker was worried about her health. Ellen Parker was worried about her health. She could not walk very quickly and it was difficult for her to climb stairs. She was soon out of breath (气喘吁吁). “I suppose I had better go to the doctor, she thought. She went to the doctor and told him her problem. “Im not surprised at all, he said. “Its obvious what your problem is. He looked her over then gave