英语句子特征及句子成分上课讲义.ppt

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1、英语句子特征及句子成分Whichoneisasentence？1.Favorite player football is my he.2.He is my favorite football player.句子句子概念：概念：单词和词组按照各自的词性所表示的功能，按照一定的模式排列起来，表达一个相对完整的意思，这就是句子。特征特征：一个句子，一个句号。一个句子中只有一个或者几个并列的谓语动词，其他的动词都要用非谓语动词的形式运用到从句中去。tododoingdone句子成分句子成分定义：定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分,分别为主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语和同位语。主语：主语：一

2、般位于句首句首,是一个句子所叙述的主体主体,是动作的执行者动作的执行者。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等表示。例如：1.Country music has become more and more popular during the 1990s.2.We often speak English in class.3.Two plus two is four.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Telling jokes is a good way to make girls happy.6.What he said i

3、s true.7.It is necessary to learn a foreign language.名词名词代词代词数词数词不定式不定式动名词动名词主语从句主语从句it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式谓语谓语 1、Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.3.Hehascaughtabadcold.4.Studentsarepreparingforanimportantexam.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Thatheisthewin

4、nersurprisesus.找出下列句子中的主语找出下列句子中的主语一般放在一般放在主语之后主语之后，表述主语的动作或状态，表述主语的动作或状态，有时态和语态的变化。通常由有时态和语态的变化。通常由动词或动词短动词或动词短语语充当。充当。表语表语 表语一般位于表语一般位于系动词之后系动词之后用以说明主语的用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态身份、特征和状态.表语一般由名词、代词、表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短形容词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。语、副词及表语从句表示。系动词：系动词：1.be动词动词2.感官动词感官动词:look，smell,ta

5、ste,sound,feel3.become,go,turn,seem,appear找出下列句子的系动词及表语1.Our teacher of English is an American.2.Is it yours?3.The weather has turned cold.4.He looks very angry.5.She appears young.6.His job is to teach English.7.The cake tastes good.8.Time is up.9.The truth is that he has never been abroad.宾语宾语 1.H

6、ow many dictionaries do you have?I have five.2.We often speak English in class.3.He practices running every morning.4.Students are preparing for an exam.5.I enjoy listening to popular music.6.I guess that he is our new teacher.宾语一般位于宾语一般位于动词和介词后面动词和介词后面,表示动作的表示动作的承受者。通常由名词、代词、数词、动名词、承受者。通常由名词、代词、数词、

7、动名词、不定式或从句充当。不定式或从句充当。注：注：双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：1.Please lend me your dictionary 2.She tells me jokes.3.We give them some money.跟双宾语的动词：give,tell,buy,bring,lend,show,wish,send,owe（欠）（欠）1.请把我的外套带过来。2.妈妈给我买了本书。Pleasebringmemycoat.MyMomboughtmeabook.宾语补足语宾语补足语 将宾语没有表达完整的意思补充完整，用来对宾将宾语没有表达完整的意思补充完整，用来对宾语进行语

8、进行补充和说明补充和说明。可由形容词、副词、名词、。可由形容词、副词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Hetoldustostay.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythingingoodorderinthelab.定语定语 修饰、限定修饰、限定名词或代词，说明名词或代词的特名词或代词，说明名词或代词的特征、性质或范围的成分。通常由形容词、名词、征、性质或

9、范围的成分。通常由形容词、名词、数词、介词短语、动名词、不定式或从句充当。数词、介词短语、动名词、不定式或从句充当。1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.2.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.3.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.4.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout(想出，算出想出，算出).5.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.状语状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动词发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度

10、、目的、结果等状况的句子成分。通常由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、状语从句或某些形容词充当。1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Notknowingheraddress，Icantwritetoher.4.Waitaminute.5.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.4

11、.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.状语的种类状语的种类时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语条件状语条件状语地点状语地点状语方式状语方式状语伴随状语伴随状语目的状语目的状语8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.I

12、amtallerthanheis.结果状语结果状语让步状语让步状语比较状语比较状语1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.The apples tasted sweet8.He sat

13、 there,reading a newspaper.9.We named our baby Tom.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：Homework过度教材P12 Exercise 1&2.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.10.11.He managed to finish the work in time.13.He found it important to master English.14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be hone

14、st，your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：I hope you are very well.Im fine,but tired.Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Da

15、d on the farm.August is the hottest month here.It is the time of year for the rice harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.We grow rice in the south of the States,but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.We have

16、a lot of machines on the farm.Although the farm is large,my Dad has only two men working for him.But he employs more men for the harvest.My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.It doesnt often rain in the summer here.As a result,we have to water the vegetable garden.Every evening we pump water

17、 from a well.It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party,even at harvest time.These parties often make us very happy.We cook meat on an open fire outside.Its great!Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinio

18、n.Some of my friends drink beer.I dont,because I have to drive home after the party.In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States.There are five different time areas in the States.In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time.How many different time areas do you ha

19、ve in China?Well,I must stop and get some sleep.Please give my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空：()1._ will leave for Beijing.A.Now there the man B.The man here nowC.The man who is here now D.The man is here now()2.The weather _.A.wet and cold B.is wet and coldC.not wet and coldD.were wet and cold

20、()3.The apple tasted _.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.sweet()4.He got up _ yesterday morning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.The actor _at the age of 70.A.dead B.died C.dyed D.deaded()6._ were all very tired,but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A.We,us B.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()7.He found the

21、 street much _.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A.its B.it C.that D.that is()9.The dog _ mad.A.looks B.is looked C.is being looked D.was looked()10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A.that B.when C.in which D.where二、简单句、并列句和复合句二、简单句、并

22、列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old;She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating?How old is he?Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim,cant she?3）祈使句：Be careful,boys;Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可

23、分三种：、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright;the road

24、 is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g.He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g.We work.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g.Henry bought a dictionary.4、

25、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.My father bought me a car.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。（三）并列句的分类（三）并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,not onlybut also,neithernor,then等连接。e.g.The teachers name is Smith,and the students name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,eitheror,otherwi

26、se等。e.g.Hurry up,or youll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.He was a little man with thick glasses,but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.August is the time of the year for rice harvest,so every day I

27、 work from dawn until dark.练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come ba

28、ck home at seven in the evening.简单句 复合句 简单句 简单句 5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.

29、10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句 复合句 并列句 复合句 简单句 简单句 二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：I hope you are very well（）.Im fine,but tired（）.Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（）.August is the hottest month here（）.It is the time of year for the rice harvest,so every day

30、 I work from dawn until dark.（）Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）.We grow rice in the south of the States,but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）.We have a lot of machines on the farm（）.Although the farm is large,my Dad has only two men working for hi

31、m（）.But he employs more men for the harvest（）.My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）.It doesnt often rain in the summer here（）.As a result,we have to water the vegetable garden（）.Every evening we pump water from a well（）.It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（）.复合句 简单句

32、 并列句 简单句 并列句 简单句 并列复合句 简单句 复合句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 Most Saturday evenings there is a party,even at harvest time（）.These parties often make us very happy（）.We cook meat on an open fire outside（）.Its great（）!Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion（）.Some of my friends drink beer（）.I don

33、t,because I have to drive home after the party（）.In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）.There are five different time areas in the States（）.In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）.How many different time areas do you have in China（）?Well,I must sto

34、p and get some sleep（）.Please give my best regards to your parents（）.简单句 复合句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 三、选择填空：1.Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it.A.andB.orC.ifD.so2.Its the third time that John has been late,_?A.hasnt heB.isnt he C.isnt it D.hasnt it3._ joyful he w

35、as to meet his brother again!A.HowB.WhatC.What aD.What an4.Let us pass,_?A.shant weB.shall weC.wont weD.will you5.I suppose hes serious,_?A.do IB.dont IC.is heD.isnt he6.You had better not smoke here,_?A.will you B.had you C.shall you D.have you7.Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming com

36、petition.A.thenB.butC.andD.or8.Im sorry to have to say this,_ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A.andB.butC.so D.because9.John has not yet passed the driving test,and _.A.Henry hasnt too B.Henry also has not either C.neither Henry has D.neither has Henry10.There are

37、 many sports lovers in his office.Some love climbing,_ others enjoy swimming.A.orB.for C.while D.so11.-Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home?-Id like to go out.A.or B.and C.butD.so12.-“_ is the temperature today?”-“Its 38 degrees.”A.WhichB.HowC.How hot D.How high13.-Your

38、uncle isnt an engineer,is he?-_.A.Yes,he isnt B.No,he isntC.No,he is D.He is14._ friendly _ to everyone!A.How,is sheB.What,is sheC.How,she isD.What,she is15.Mary went to bed early,_ she felt very tired.A.orB.soC.for D.yet16.Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger.A.was makingB.makesC.is makingD.mad

39、e17.He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library.A.butB.andC.orD.yet18.-Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.-_ what you want and I can get it for you.A.Tell me B.If you would say to me C.You will tell me D.If you tell me19.As he is strong,_ can lift one hundred pounds.A.y

40、et heB.but heC.andD.he20.-I thought you had an umbrella.-I had,_ Ive lost it.A.sinceB.butC.because D.so21._ down the radio-the babys asleep in the next room.A.Turning B.To turnC.Turned D.Turn22.-I dont like chicken _ fish.-I dont like chicken _ I like fish very much.A.and,andB.and,but C.or,and D.or,

41、but23.-Would you like to come to dinner tonight?-Id like to,_ Im too busy.A.andB.soC.asD.but 24.Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?A.andB.thenC.or D.otherwise25.She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.A.arrivingB.to arriveC.having arrivedD.and arrived2

42、6.“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.A.angrily pointingB.and point angrilyC.angrily pointedD.and angrily pointed27.She thought I was talking about her daughter,_,in fact,I was talking about my daughter.A.whom B.where C.which D.while28._ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A.When leftB.Leavin

43、gC.If you leaveD.Leave29.-Alice,you feed the bird today,_?-But I fed it yesterday.A.do youB.will youC.didnt youD.dont you30._ him and then try to copy what he does.A.MindB.Glance atC.Stare atD.Watch四、按要求完成下列句子：1.He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）2.They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提

44、问）3.There will be a sports meet at the end of this month,_?（完成反意疑问）wont there How long have they lived here?He doesnt dare to tell the truth.或He dare not tell the truth.4.You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）5.They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)6.It is an inte

45、resting story.（改为感叹句）What an interesting story(it is)!或How interesting the story is!Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening?Be careful with your pronunciation.7.This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）8.They could hardly believe his words,_?（完成反意疑问）could they How often doe

46、s this magazine come out?9.The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.（对画线部分提问）10.Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?9.How brightly the moon is shining!Bye-bye!此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢