英语文体学教学课件讲课稿.ppt

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1、英语文体学教学课件Course PlanLecture9:ThreeviewsonstyleLecture10:StylisticanalysisofvarietiesofEnglish(newsreport)Lecture11:StylisticanalysisofvarietiesofEnglish(advertisement)Lecture12:StylisticanalysisofvarietiesofEnglish(publicspeech)Lecture13:StylisticanalysisofvarietiesofEnglish(internet)Lecture14:Styli

2、sticanalysisofvarietiesofEnglish(novel)Lecture15:StylisticanalysisofvarietiesofEnglish(poem)Course grades:Attendanceandclassperformance:50%Finalpaper:50%Teaching mode:Lecture+presentation+discussionReference books:Crystal,D.,andD.Davy,Investigating English Style,Longman,1969.GeoffreyN.Leech,MichaelH

3、.Short,Style in Fiction:A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose,Longman,1981.LauraWright,JonathanHope,Stylistics:A Practical Coursebook,Routledge,1996.Thornborrow,J.,andS.Wareing,Patterns in Language:Stylistics for Students of Language and Literature,Routledge,2000.侯维瑞，侯维瑞，文学文体学文学文体学，上海

4、：上海外语教育出版社，上海：上海外语教育出版社，20082008。胡壮麟，理论文体学，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999。胡壮麟、刘世生，西方文体学辞典，北京：清华大学出版社，2004。刘世生，西方文体学论纲，济南：山东教育出版社，1998。刘世生、朱瑞青，文体学概论，北京：北京大学出版社，2006。秦秀白，实用文体学教程，长沙：湖南教育出版社,1986。秦秀白，英语语体和问题要略，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001。张德禄,功能文体学,济南:山东教育出版社,1998。徐有志，英语文体学教程，北京：高等教育出版社，2005。王守元、郭鸿、苗兴伟，文体学研究在中国的进展,上海：上海外语教育出版

5、社，2004。王佐良、丁望道，英语文体学引论，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1987。钱瑗，实用英语文体学，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2006。申丹，申丹，西方文体学的新发展西方文体学的新发展 上海上海:上海外语教育出版社上海外语教育出版社,2008。学习网址：学习网址：Language and Style 课件课件 by Shorthttp:/www.lancs.ac.uk/fass/projects/stylistics/star.htmLecture 1:Introduction1.Definitionofstylistics2.Definitionofstyle3.TypesofSty

6、listics4.PurposesofStylisticsIntroductionQuestions1.Howdoyoudefinestylistics?2.Whatfactorscontributetotheshapingofstylistics?3.Whatarethepurposesorgoalsofstylistics?What is stylistics?Definition of stylistics1.Abranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofsituationally-distinctiveusesoflanguag

7、e,withparticularreferencetoliterarylanguage,andtriestoestablishprinciplescapableofaccountingfortheparticularchoicesmadebyindividualsandsocialgroupsintheiruseoflanguage.(TheFontanaDictionaryofModernThought,1977,2ndEd.,1988)Definition of stylistics2.QianYuansdefinition(2006:1):Stylisticsisabranchoflin

8、guisticswhichappliesthetheoryandmethodologyofmodernlinguisticstothestudyofstyle.3.XuYouzhisdefinition(2005:2):Stylisticsisadisciplinethatstudiesthewaysinwhichlanguageisused;itisadisciplinethatstudiesthestylesoflanguageinuse.Definition of stylistics4.Leechsdefinition(1969:1,2):thestudyoftheuseoflangu

9、ageinliterature,ameeting-groundoflinguisticsandliterarystudy5.Widdowson(1975:3):Bystylistics,ImeanthestudyofliterarydiscoursefromalinguisticorientationandIshalltaketheviewthatwhatdistinguishesstylisticsfromliterarycriticismontheonehandandlinguisticsontheotheristhatitisessentiallyameansoflinkingthetw

10、o.Definition of stylistics6.Walesdefinition:The study of style;justasstylecanbeviewedinseveralways,sothereareseveraldifferentstylisticapproaches.Thisvarietyinstylisticsisduetothemaininfluencesoflinguisticsandliterarycriticism.Byfarthemostcommonkindofmaterialstudiedisliterary;andattentionislargelytex

11、t-centered.What is your definition of style?Definition of styleByitsdefinitionindictionaries,thewordstylehasthreeaspectsofmeaning:1.Themanner of expressioninwritingorspeaking,whichchangesatalltimeaccordingtotheactualsituationalelements,e.g.,theparticipant,time,place,topic,etc.ofthecommunicativeevent

12、,fromveryformaltoveryinformalDefinition of style2.Theregister语域,whichreferstothespecialvarietyoflanguageusedbyaparticularsocialgroupthatmayhaveacommonprofession,e.g.,doctors,lawyers,teachers,orthesameinterests,e.g.,footballfans,etcDefinition of style3.Thesetoflinguistic featuresthatseemtobecharacter

13、isticofatext,e.g.,thestyleofJaneAustensPride and Prejudice,orofanauthor,e.g.,MiltonicstyleDefinition of styleTherearediversemeaningsoftheword“style”:1.Lucas(1974):Theoriginofthewordis“stylus”,aLatinwordfor“pen”.Thewordextendeditsmeaningto“awayofwriting”,thenbecamefurtherrefinedtomean“agoodwayofwriti

14、ng”.Stylecanmean“adeliberatelycultivated,individual,peculiarstyleofonesown”.Eg:HemingwaysstylethestyleofHenryJamesDefinition of style2.French author de Buffon:Styleisthemanhimself.3.Jonathan Swift(the18thc)definedstyleas“properwordsinproperplaces”.Definition of style4.Wales(1989):styleisa“wayyouhave

15、ofdoingthings”.Initsgeneral sense:styleis“variationinlanguageuse”;whileinits narrow definition,styleis“thesetorsumoflinguisticsfeaturesthatseemtobecharacteristic,whetherofregister语域,genreorperiod”.Definition of style5.5.Four senses of style by D.Crystal and D.DavyFour senses of style by D.Crystal an

16、d D.Davy:1)someorallthelanguagehabitsofaperson,his1)someorallthelanguagehabitsofaperson,hisselectionoflanguagehabits.selectionoflanguagehabits.e.g.Shakespearesstyle;e.g.Shakespearesstyle;2)someorallthelanguagehabitssharedbyagroupof2)someorallthelanguagehabitssharedbyagroupofpeopleatonetime,oroverape

17、riodoftime.peopleatonetime,oroveraperiodoftime.e.g.thestyleofOldEnglishheroicpoetrye.g.thestyleofOldEnglishheroicpoetry3)theeffectivenessofamodeofexpression(amore3)theeffectivenessofamodeofexpression(amorerestrictedmeaninginevaluativesense).restrictedmeaninginevaluativesense).“sayingtherightthingint

18、hemosteffectiveway.”“sayingtherightthinginthemosteffectiveway.”eeg:Hiswritinglacksstyle.g:Hiswritinglacksstyle.Definition of style4)initsevaluativeanddescriptivesense,ithasbeenassociatedwithliteratureasacharacteristicofgood,effectiveorbeautifulwriting.6.Leechs definition:Inabroadsense,stylecanbeappl

19、iedtobothspokenandwritten,bothliteraryandnon-literaryvarietiesoflanguage.Inatraditionalsense,styleisparticularlyassociatedwithwrittenliterarytexts.Definition of style7.LiuShishengscollection(1998:9-10):.LiuShishengscollection(1998:9-10):1)Styleasrhetoric(Gorgias)1)Styleasrhetoric(Gorgias)2)Styleasfo

20、rm(Aristotle)2)Styleasform(Aristotle)3)Styleaseloquence(Cicero)3)Styleaseloquence(Cicero)4)Styleasproperwordsinproperplaces(Swift)4)Styleasproperwordsinproperplaces(Swift)5)Styleistheman.(Buffon)5)Styleistheman.(Buffon)6)Styleaspersonalidiosyncrasy6)Styleaspersonalidiosyncrasy气质，习性，癖好(Murry)(Murry)7

21、)Styleastechniqueofexposition(Murry)7)Styleastechniqueofexposition(Murry)8)Styleasthehighestachievementofliterature(Murry)8)Styleasthehighestachievementofliterature(Murry)9)Styleissayingtherightthinginthemosteffectiveway(Enkvist)10)Styleasashellsurroundingapreexistingcoreofthoughtorexpression(Enkvis

22、t)11)Styleasthechoicebetweenalternativeexpression(Enkvist)12)Styleasasetofcollectivecharacteristics(Enkvist)13)Styleasthoserelationsamonglinguisticentitiesthatarestableintermsofwiderspansoftextthanthesentences(Enkvist)Definition of style14)Styleasequivalence(Jakobson)15)Styleasfunction(ThePragueScho

23、ol)16)Styleasforegrounding(Mukarovsky)17)Styleasdeviation(Spitzer)18)Styleastransformation(Ohmann)19)Styleasmeaningpotential(Halliday)20)Styleasexpressiveness(Ullman)21)Styleasprominence(Halliday)22)Styleasformalover-determination多元决定(Riffaterre)23)Styleasdepth(Darbysgire)24)Styleasthelinguisticfeat

24、uresthatcommunicateemotionsandthought(Murry)25)Styleasthevarietyoflanguagerestrictedbythecontext(Enkvist)26)Styleasachoiceamongthenon-distinctivefeaturesoflanguage(Bloomfield)27)Styleisasuperfluous多余的termthathasnodifferencefromformorexpression(Croce)28)Styleisnottheheritageofexpression,butthatofaquo

25、tingprocess,asetofpatterns,amemory,aculture(Barthes)29)Styleinonesenseissynonymouswithlanguage(Wales)30)Styleastheselectionoffeaturespartlydeterminedbythedemandsofgenre,form,theme,etc.(Wales)Discussion:Whyaretheresomanydifferentwaystodefinestyle?Whatdoesthisshow?Generationsofstylistshavegivendiffere

26、ntdefinitionswhichenrichedtheconceptsomuchthattheissueofstylebecomesmoreandmorecomplex.Noonedefinitionisgenerallyacknowledged,whichshowsthedifficultyingivinganexactdefinitionofit.Whatmakesitdifficulttodefinestyle?1.Therehavebeenmanyviewsofstyle,whichisbasedonmanygeneralviewsoflanguage.2.Scholarshave

27、manydifferentpurposesintheirstylisticpractices,theirviewsofstylefocusondifferentaspectoflanguage,reflectthestagesofmansinterestinlanguageandthedevelopmentoflinguistics.CommentonthemTrytoclassifythemintodifferentgroups.LuiShisheng(2006)Definitionsof4,6,9,10,11and12arebasedontraditionallinguistictheor

28、yDefinitionsof14,15,16,17,18and19arebasedonstructurallinguistictheoryDefinitionsof12and20arebasedonsystemicfunctionallinguistictheories秦秀白（2002）classifieddefinitionsofstyleinto7categories:1.表达方式说Styleissayingtherightthinginthemosteffectiveway(Enkvist)2.外衣说Styleisthedressofthought(Philip)Styleasashel

29、lsurroundingapreexistingcoreofthoughtorexpression(Enkvist)3.行为方式说Styleistheman.(Buffon)4.选择说Styleasachoiceamongthenon-distinctivefeaturesoflanguage(Bloomfield)Styleastheselectionoffeaturespartlydeterminedbythedemandsofgenre,form,theme,etc.(Wales)5.社会情景制约说Styleasthevarietyoflanguagerestrictedbythecon

30、text(Enkvist)6.语言成分排列说Styleasthoserelationsamonglinguisticentitiesthatarestableintermsofwiderspansoftextthanthesentences(Enkvist)7.偏离说Styleasdeviation(Spitzer)Styleasforegrounding(Mukarovsky)Types of StylisticsTwokindsofStylistics:General Stylistics 普通文体学普通文体学Literary Stylistics 文学文体学文学文体学General St

31、ylistics:astudyofvariousstyles,includingliterarystyle;astudyofdifferentvarietiesofEnglish;ageneralsurveyofEnglishvarieties,orageneralsurveyoftheEnglishlanguage.Types of StylisticsLiterary Stylistics isa linguistic approach to the study of literary texts.(Short,1989)TheThreekeyconceptsare:1.touseling

32、uisticstostudyliterarytexts,2.todiscussthetextsaccordingtoobjectivecriteriaratherthansubjectiveandimpressionisticvalues,3.toemphasizeontheaestheticpropertiesoflanguage.Thelinguisticapproachtoliteratureisanapplicationoflinguistictheoryandmethodologytoliterarytexts.Itestablishedanintimaterelationshipb

33、etweenlanguagestudyandliteraryappreciation.Purelinguisticsaimstomakefineanalysisofthelinguisticformofatext,oftenneglectingitsaestheticeffectorartisticvalue.Traditionalliterarycriticismconcernsitselfwithsocial,moralorpoliticalevaluationsofaliterarywork,oftenneglectingitslinguisticform.Thelinguisticap

34、proachtoliteratureisthemeetinggroundoflinguisticsandliterarycriticism.Itispartofappliedlinguisticsandatypeofpracticalcriticism.ItsgeneralprocesssuggestedbyLeech(1981)ItsgeneralprocesssuggestedbyLeech(1981)：Literary AppreciationLiterary Appreciation Seeking aesthetic-A B-Seeking linguisticSeeking aes

35、thetic-A B-Seeking linguistic function function evidence evidence Linguistic description Linguistic description A processA processisusedtofindoutwhateffectalinguisticisusedtofindoutwhateffectalinguisticpatternistoproduce.patternistoproduce.B processB processisusedtodiscoverthroughwhatlinguisticisuse

36、dtodiscoverthroughwhatlinguisticmeanstheauthorhasachievedcertaineffect.meanstheauthorhasachievedcertaineffect.Thetextisalwaysthefocusandthekeytosuccessisaclosestudyoflexical,syntactic,rhetoricalandstylistictraits.Thisapproachusesthetheoryandmethodologyoflinguistics,grammar,rhetoric,stylistics,litera

37、rycriticismandotherareas.Itisnotapanacea(灵丹妙药)whichcanoffercompleteexplanationoftext,butratherausefultoolwhichcanprovidesomeofthethingsthatthecriticlooksfortoconfirmhisjudgments.Purposes of StylisticsCrystal and Davy:Crystal and Davy:1.to analyze language habits with the main 1.to analyze language h

38、abits with the main purpose of identifying those features that are purpose of identifying those features that are restricted to certain kinds of social context;restricted to certain kinds of social context;2.to explain why such features have been used,2.to explain why such features have been used,as

39、 opposed to others;as opposed to others;3.to clarify these features into categories,3.to clarify these features into categories,based on a view of their function in the social based on a view of their function in the social content.content.Purposes of StylisticsLeech:Thegoalofliterarystylisticsistoe

40、xplaintherelationbetweenlanguageandartisticfunction,ie.torelatethecriticsconcernofaestheticappreciation(Howissuch-and-suchanaestheticeffectachievedthroughlanguage?),withlinguistsconcernoflinguisticdescription(Whydoestheauthorherechoosetoexpresshimselfinthisparticularway?).Purposes of StylisticsTwopo

41、ssiblegoalsofstylisticinquiry:(Halliday,1983)1.toshowwhyandhowthetextmeanswhatitdoes.2.toshowwhythetextisvaluedasitis.Astylisticanalysisinvolves3procedures:1.description2.interpretation3.evaluationPurposes of StylisticsWalesThegoalofmoststylisticsisnotsimplytodescribetheformalfeaturesoftextsfortheir

42、ownsake,butinordertoshowtheirfunctionalsignificancefortheinterpretationofthetext;orinordertorelateliteraryeffectstoliterarycauseswherethesesarefeltorberelevant.Purposes of StylisticsStylisticianswanttoavoidvagueandimpressionisticjudgmentsaboutthewaythatformalfeaturesaremanipulated.Asaresult,stylisti

43、csdrawsonthemodelsandterminologyprovidedbywhateveraspectsoflinguisticsarefelttoberelevant.(1989:ADictionaryofStylistics)Purposes of stylisticsFourpurposesbyLiuShisheng(1998)1.Toaccountforthegeneralfeaturesoflanguage2.Tobeusedtodoaestheticstudies.3.Toprovideabasefortheapplicationoflinguistictheories4

44、.ToservethepurposeofteachingandlearningforeignlanguagesPurposes of studying stylisticsDiscussionWhatisyourpurposeofstudyingstylistics?1.todevelopanawarenessofthevarietiesofEnglishlanguage2.tolearndifferentfunctionsoflinguisticfeatures;3.tolearnhowtouseproperlanguageindifferentsituations.eg:干杯onagran

45、doccasion:Nowallowmetoproposeatoastto.onacommonoccasion:Herestothehealthofourfriends!onacasualoccasion:Cheers!Bottomsup!Three benefits of studying stylistics1.inteachingandlearningEnglishforgeneralpurposes,2.inteachingandlearningEnglishforspecificpurposes,3.inteachingandlearningtranslation.Reading:刘世生，西方文体学论纲chapter1王守元,英语文体学要略chapter1钱瑗，实用英语文体学chapter1此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢