Chemistry - Troy High School：化学-特洛伊高中.doc

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1、ChemistryName:_Unit 13 Acids and BasesPeriod:_SECTION 19.1 ACIDBASE THEORIES (pages 587593)Properties of Acids and Bases (pages 587588)1. Circle the letters of all the terms that complete the sentence correctly. The properties of acids include:a. reacting with metals to produce oxygenb. giving foods

2、 a sour tastec. forming solutions that conduct electricityd. causing indicators to change color2. Bases are compounds that react with acids to form _ and a(n) _ .3. Circle the letters of all the terms that complete the sentence correctly. The properties of bases include:.a. tasting bitterb. feeling

3、slipperyc. changing the color of an indicatord. always acting as a strong electrolyteBrnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases (pages 590592)4. How does the Brnsted-Lowry theory define acids and bases? _.5. Is the following sentence true or false? Some of the acids and bases included in the Arrhenius theory are

4、 not acids and bases according to the Brnsted-Lowry theory. _6. Is the following sentence true or false? A conjugate acid is the particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion. _7. A conjugate _ is the particle that remains when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion.8. What is a conjugate acidbase pa

5、ir?_9. A substance that can act as both an acid and a base is said to be _ .10. In a reaction with HCl, is water an acid or a base? _SECTION 19.2 HYDROGEN IONS AND ACIDITY (pages 594604)Hydrogen Ions from Water (pages 594-595)1. What does a water molecule that loses a hydrogen ion become? _2. What d

6、oes a water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion become? _3. The reaction in which water molecules produce ions is called the _ of water.4. In water or aqueous solution, _ are always joined to _ as hydronium ions (H3O+).5. Is the following sentence true or false? Any aqueous solution in which H+ and O

7、H are equal is described as a neutral solution. _Ion Product Constant for Water (pages 595596)6. What is the ion-product constant for water (Kw)? Give the definition, the expression, and the value. _.7. A(n) _ solution is one in which H+ is greater than OH. A(n) _ solution is one in which H+ is less

8、 than OH.8. Match the type of solution with its hydrogen-ion concentration._ acidic a. less than 1.0 x 107 M_ neutral b. greater than 1.0 x 107 M_ basic c. 1.0 x 107 MThe pH Concept (pages 596600)9. The _ of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration.10. Match the type of

9、 solution with its pH._ acidic a. pH 7.0_ neutral b. pH = 7.0_ basic c. pH 7.011. Look at Table 19.5 on page 598. What is the approximate H+, the OH, and the pH of washing soda? _12. The pOH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the _ concentration.13. What is the pOH of a neutral solution? _14

10、. For pH calculations, in what form should you express the hydrogen-ion concentration? _.15. Is the following sentence true or false? Most pH values are whole numbers. _16. If H+ is written in scientific notation but its coefficient is not 1, what do you need to calculate pH? _17. Is the following s

11、entence true or false? You can calculate the hydrogen-ion concentration of a solution if you know the pH. _Measuring pH (pages 600603)18. When do you use indicators and when do you use a pH meter to measure pH? _.19. Why is an indicator a valuable tool for measuring pH? _.20. Why do you need many di

12、fferent indicators to span the entire pH spectrum? _.21. What is the pH of each of the following solutions?a. water _b. vinegar _c. milk of magnesia _SECTION 19.3 STRENGTHS OF ACIDS AND BASES (pages 605611)Strong and Weak Acids and Bases (pages 605609)1. What factor is used to classify acids as stro

13、ng or weak? _2. Strong acids are _ ionized in aqueous solution; weak acids ionize _ in aqueous solution.3. Look at Table 19.6 on page 605. Which acid is the weakest acid in the table? _Which base is the weakest base? _4. What do you use to write the equilibrium-constant expression? _5. An acid disso

14、ciation constant (Ka) is the ratio of the concentration of the _ form of an acid to the concentration of the _ form.6. What is another name for dissociation constants? _7. Is the following sentence true or false? The stronger an acid is, the smaller its Ka value. _8. A diprotic acid has _ dissociati

15、on constants.9. Look at Table 19.7 on page 607. What is the second dissociation constant for the triprotic phosphoric acid? _10. Weak bases react with water to form the hydroxide ion and the _ of the base.11. A base dissociation constant (Kb) is the ratio of the concentration of the _ times the conc

16、entration of the hydroxide ion to the concentration of the _ .12. What does the magnitude of the base dissociation constant (Kb) indicate? _.13. The words concentrated and dilute indicate how much acid or base is _ in solution.14. Is the following sentence true or false? The words strong or weak ref

17、er to the extent of ionization or dissociation of an acid or base. _Calculating Dissociation Constants (pages 609610)15. Is the following sentence true or false? You can calculate the acid dissociation constant (Ka) of a weak acid from experimental data. _SECTION 19.4 NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS (pages

18、 612616)AcidBase Reactions (pages 612613)1. Is the following sentence true or false? Acids react with compounds containing hydroxide ions to form water and a salt. _2. What does the reaction of an acid with a base produce? _3. In general, reactions in which an acid and a base react in an aqueous sol

19、ution to produce a salt and water are called _ reactions.4. Look at Table 19.9 on page 613. Circle the letter of the salt that is used for photographic emulsions.a. calcium chloride b. potassium chloride c. silver bromided. sodium chloride5. Salts are compounds consisting of a(n) _ from an acid and

20、a(n) _ from a base.Titration (pages 613616)6. How can you determine the concentration of an acid or base in a solution? _7. The process of adding a known amount of solution of known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution is called _ .8. What is the solution of known concent

21、ration called? _GUIDED PRACTICE PROBLEMSEXTRA PRACTICE PROBLEM (similar to Practice Problem 13, page 600)1. Find the value of OH for a solution with a pH of 8.00.GUIDED PRACTICE PROBLEM 2 (page 601)2. Calculate the pH of this solution: H+ = 8.3 x 1010 M.GUIDED PRACTICE PROBLEM 3 (page 610)3. For a s

22、olution of methanoic acid (HCOOH or CH2O2) exactly 0.1 M, H+ = 4.2 x 103M. Calculate the Ka of methanoic acid.AnalyzeStep 1. What is known about the acid?Step 2. What is the unknown? _Step 3. What is the expression for the Ka of methanoic acid?Ka = ?SolveStep 4. What expression can you write to find the equilibrium concentration of HCOOH? Step 5. Substitute values into the formula for Ka and solve.