Period Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures公开课.docx

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1、Period HI Discovering UsefulStructures情态动词和过去将来时Money may be the husk of many things, but not the kernel.lt brings you days of joy bu( not peace of happiness.金钱可以是许多东西的谷皮，却不是里面的谷粒。它能带来享受，却带不来幸福的安宁。一将法豚络衣示说话人时某一动作或状态的态度基本用法不能单独作训ia必须和动词原形连用没有人称和数的变化cun和could自主梳理情态动词情态动词和过去将来时may 和 mighimustfllhave to

2、几种常见的 情态动词should和oughl towoulddarehad benerwould+动词原形表示根据过去的il划或安排即将发生的事也”：然温胪表示根据过去曾经打莫或准备要做的事及示根据当时情况判断有可能会发生某事令学扣序碍一、词汇梳理1. In case it happens to you on a trip abroad.以防在国外旅行时你也遇到这种事。(教材 P54)懑in case以防；以防万一Q【拓展归纳】(1 )in case of万；如果发生(2)in this/that case如果这样/那样的话(3)in any case无论如何；不管怎样(4)in no cas

3、e 决不名师指津(l)in case可用作连词，引导从句，也可以单独使用，此时常位于句末，相当于一个副 词。(2)in no case位于句首时,句子用局部倒装。(3)当case作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时，要用where引导定语从句。Q【活学活用】(I)You must put the umbrella where it was after you use it, in case you cant find it next time.用完之后你必须把伞放好，以免下次找不到。(2)Seat belts protect drivers and passengers in case of acc

4、idents.平安带在发生事故时保护驾驶员和乘客。(3)Theres no point complaining nowwere leaving tomorrow in any case .现在抱怨亳无意义，不管怎样我们明天都要离开。(4)Our professor may be away for two days, in which case his class will have to be postponed or cancelled.我们的教授可能要离开两天，在这种情况下，他的课将不得不延期或取消。(5)Have you ever had the case where you are w

5、ronged while actually you did a good deed?你是否曾经有过做了好事却被冤枉了的情形呢？(6)We should in no case do anything that goes against the interests of people.=casn should _wc do anything that goes against the interests ofpeople.(倒装句)我们决不做违背人民利益的事情。2. They might be able to help to some extent.他们可能在一定程度上(给你提供)帮助。(教 材

6、P54)灌to some extent在某种程度上Q【拓展归纳】to a certain extent 在一定程度上to what extent到何种程度to a lesser extent在较轻程度上；其次to a large extent在很大程度上to the extent that到程度;以至于Q【活学活用】(I )She had not realised the extent to which the children had been affected.她还没有意识到孩子们受影响的程度。(2)Sales have fallen badly this year, to the ext

7、ent that we will have to close some of our shops.今年的销售额下降得很厉害，以至于我们将不得不关闭一些商店。(3)Hovever, the evidence is thin and, lo some exienl ， ambiguous.然而，这个证据缺乏说服力，而且从某种程度上来说，它还有点儿模棱两可。(4) To some/a certain extent you can control the amount of stress in your life.在某种程度上，你可以控制你生活中的压力。(5)Thc pollution of the

8、forest has seriously affected plant life and, lo a lesser extent , wild animals.森林污染严重影响了植物的生存，其次也对野生动物造成了影响。二、语法梳理I .读以下教材原句并感知黑体局部的共性。1. Oliver believes (hat with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London.2. Young man, would you step inside a moment, please?3. May we ask what yo

9、ure doing in this country and what your plans are?4. Well, I cant say that I have any plans.5. Well, you mustnt worry about that.6. Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!7. Now if youll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.8. You mustnt think we dont care about you.9. Oh, no, youd better not op

10、en it.10. I was going to leave, but then it began to rain.11. He said he was to finish the work in a week.12. He was about to get on the bus when someone called him.我的发现：句1中情态动词表示“可能性或推断；句2和句3中情态动词表示“ 一客气和委 婉；句4中，情态动词表示“能力或意愿_ ；句5和句8中情态动词表示“一丕 必和禁止. ”:句6中情态动词表示“ _推测 ；句7中，情态动词表示“.必须 , 句9中情态动词表示“一劝告或警

11、告_ ” 句1()时态为一过去将来时_ ,它的基本结构为 was/were going to do/would do ； 过去将来时的表达形式还有 was/were to do : was/wcre about to do ,如句 11 和句 12。H .翻译下面含有过去将来时的句子。1. Yes, I was about to go get the letter.的，我正想去拿信呢。2. They would leave for Paris the next morning.第二天早上他们将动身去巴黎。3. I was going to help Mary with her Chinese

12、that evening.语法探究_那天晚上我正打算帮玛丽学中文。_研习知规律探究点I情态动词英语中的情态动词数量不多，但其用法极易混淆。以下是一些常用情态动词的用法汇总。(一)can 和 could1 表不能力。(1) can表示现在的能力，could主要指过去的能力。You can tell us the importance of climate change.你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要性。(2)can表示能力的时候，还可以用be able I。代替，表示具体某一次做成了某事。He was a good swimmer so he was able to swim to the riv

13、erbank when the boat sank. 他是一个很擅长游泳的人，所以当船下沉时，他能够游到河岸上。2 .表示请求或许可。当请求允许做某事时，两者均可用，但用could语气更委婉。一Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?一Yes, you can. /No, Im afraid not.一一我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。3 .表示推测。Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be?It cant be Jim. He is still at school.有人在

14、敲门，会是谁呢？一定不是吉姆，他还在学校呢。4 .表示可能性（常指理论上或习惯上的可能性）。Peter can be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.,以体而言, 彼 得是一个很好的人，但是有时他也很难相处。Accidents can happen to any drunken driver.醉酒的司机都有可能发生交通事故。5 .表示惊异、怀疑，不相信的态度（主要用在否认句、疑问句或感叹句中）。How can you be so careless!你怎么那么粗心呀！6 .用在 cant slr

15、ess/emphasize the importance of. . too much 中，表示 再怎么强调的重要性也不为过As your English teacher, I cant stress the importance of reading and reciting in learning English too much.作为你们的英语老师，我再怎么强调阅读和背诵在学习英语中的重要性也不为过。（二）may 和 might1 .表示请求或允许。might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。对 may的一般疑问句的肯定I可答可用may或can,但作否认回答时要用mustn,t

16、或cantoYou may take whatever you like.你喜欢什么就拿什么。May I smoke here?-No, you mustnt. Youd better not.我可以在这里吸烟吗？一一不，不可以。你最好不要吸烟。2 .表示可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气不肯定。The crowds might damage the beauty of the place.人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。She may not know about it.她可能不知道这件事。3 .用于表祝愿的句子中。May both the bride and groom have

17、happy lives.祝新娘新郎生活幸福。May you succeed!祝你成功！May you have a good time on your trip!祝你旅途愉快！4 . may/mightaswell这种结构表示有礼貌地进行劝告，常译为“还是为好”。There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed.没什么事情可做，我还是上床睡觉好了。（三）must 和 have to1. All the students must obey the school rules.所有的学生都必须遵守校规。You must keep these po

18、ints in mind while setting your goals.在设定目标时，你必须牢记这些要点。回答must引出的一般疑问句时，如果是否认的回答，不能用mustnt,而要用neednt 或 dont have to。Must we hand in our exercise hooks now?Yes, you must. （No, you neednt. /No, you dont have to.）一一我们现在就必须要交练习本吗？是的，必须。（不，不必。）2. must表示猜想。意为“想必，准是，一定，只用于肯定句。The book must be the one you wa

19、nt.这本书一定是你想要的那本。Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.她戴着钻石项链。她一定很有钱。3. must还可表示“非要；偏偏”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。Why must it rain on Sunday?为什么偏要在星期天下雨？If you must smoke, do it outside, please.如果你非要吸烟，请到外边去吸。4. muslnt表示“禁止”。Smoking mustnt be allowed in the office.办公室里不许吸烟。（四）should 和 o

20、ught to1. should表示“义务、责任、建议”，其同义词是。ughtto；在疑问句中，通常用should 代替 ought tooAll visitors should/ought to register with the British Embassy.所有游客都必须到英国大使馆登记。2. should有时可用于某些从句中，表示说话人惊奇、失望等感情色彩，常译为“竟然， 怎么会”。I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you.他竟然对你这样无礼，真让我吃惊。3. 表示推测，按照常理上的推算。If the train l

21、eaves on time, she should arrive in Beijing by seven.如果火车准时出发，她将在7点前到达北京。（五）will 和 would1 .表示意志或意愿。win指现在，would指过去，用于否认句时表示“不肯，不乐 意”。If you will read the book. Ill lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。I promised that I would try my best.我保证我会尽我最大的努力。2 .表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will和would均可用，would 此时不表示过

22、去，而是表示委婉语气。Will/Would you pass me the book?请你把书递给我好吗？3 . will和would可分别表示规律性或倾向性。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.她每次遇到麻烦都会向他求助.Fish will die out of water.鱼离开水就会死。Oil will float on water.油会浮在水上。4 . would表示过去习惯性的动作，相当于used 2。When I was a teenage girl, my parents would always

23、 take me to the park on weekends.当我还是个十几岁的女孩时，我的父母总是在周末带我去公园。（六）dare 和 need1. need表示“需要”；neednl表示不必”。Need he come now?Yes, he must./No, he neednt. /No, he doesnt have to.他现在需要来吗？是的，他必须来。/不，他不必来。/不，他不必来。2. dare可用作情态动词和实义动词，用作情态动词时，意思是“敢”，其后接动词原 形，通常只用于否认句或疑问句以及if或whether之后，一般不用于肯定句。Dare you tell her

24、the truth?你敢告诉她事实真相吗？I dont know whether he dare try.我不知他是否敢试一试。I dare not ask her for a rise.我不敢要求她加薪。3. dare作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带 t。的不定式。在疑问句和否认句中，dare后面可接带2或不带to的不定式。We must dare to think, speak and act.我们必须敢想、敢说、敢做。I wonder how he dared （to） say such things.我纳闷他怎么竟敢说出这样的话来。（七）had b

25、etterhad belter表示“最好”，使用时常缩写为d belter,无人称和数的变化,其否认式 一般把not放在had better之后。You had belter get some sleep.你最好睡一会儿。You had better not talk with strangers.你最好不要和陌生人讲话。（八）shall1 .用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询对方意见或请求指示。Shall I open the window?我能翻开窗户吗？Shall he come in?要不要让他进来？2 .用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、允诺、警告、威胁、决心等。You sha

26、ll have a new cellphone if you win first place in the exam.（表示承诺）如果你在考试中获得第一名，你将拥有一个新手机。He shall be sorry for it one day.（表示警告）总有一天他会后悔的。You shall do as I told you.（表示命令）你要按照我说的去做。3 .用于法律、协定、条约等文件中。The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.（表示规定）根据双

27、方的协定，利息应分为五局部。“情态动词+have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计。1. must have done sth表示“一定做了某事“。表示对过去事情的较有把握的推测,这 时只能用在肯定句中，表示“肯定/必须已经干过”，在否认句和疑问句中用 cant/couldnt 或 can/could。例如:From what you said, she must have told you all about it.从你所说的话看，她一定告诉了你 所有的事情。2. can/could have done sth表示“本来能够做某事，而实际上未做”。You could have done

28、better, but you didnt try your best.你本可以做得更好，只是你没有尽力而为。3. cant/couldnt have done sth 表示“不可能做过某事”。We couldnt have done it without you.没有你我们办不成这事。4. ought (o/should have done sth表示“过去本应该做某事而实际上并没有做”。You should have dug sonic when you first saw them blooming this spring.你应该在今年春天第一次看到它们盛开的时候就挖一些的。5. sho

29、uldnt have done表示“本不该做某事,而实际上却做了”。You shouldnt have drunk so much yesterday, or you wouldnt be lace for work today.练练悟悟你昨天不该喝那么多，否那么你今天上班就不会迟到了。小潴国新知单句语法填空1. We musl work hard, or well fail in the examination.2. The girl worked hard so she was (be) able to pass the final examination.3. 一Musi I retur

30、n all the books in three days?一No, you neednt/dont have to .4. If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.5. Jim says we can stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.6. Its strange that he should take the books without the owners permission.7. Helen may/mighl go on ihe trip

31、 with us, but she isnt quite sure yet fbr she hasnt made up her mind.8. Sometimes I am even sleepy in class.Its terrible. You may/might as well go to bed earlier.9. The new law states that people mustnt- drive after drinking alcohol.10. Each time the girl went by the beggar, she would give him some

32、money.探究点2过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在主句 谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼未来”的一种时态。过 去将来时必须有表示“过去”的参照物，这个参照物是一个发生在过去的动作，而不是时 间。一、过去将来时的基本构成和用法过去将来时由“would+动词原形”构成，主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动 作(尤其用于宾语从句中)，还可以表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。She said that she wouldnt do that again.她说她再也不会这样做了。The old man would go to th

33、e park every day to do morning exercises.那位老人以前每天都去公园晨练。二、过去将来时的其他表达方式1. was/were going to+动词原形：该结构有两个主要用法，一是表示过去的打算，二是 表示在过去看来有迹象说明将要发生某事。She said she was going to start at once.她说她将立即出发。It seemed as if it was going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。2. was/wereto+动词原形：主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。She said she was to get marri

34、ed next month.她说她计划在下个月结婚。3. was/were about to+动词原形：表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作，由于本身已含有 “即将”的意味，所以不再与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang. 铃响时我正好要上床睡觉。4. was/were+现在分词：表示在过去看来即将发生的动作，通常可用于该结构中的动 词是 come, go, leave arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die join 等瞬间动词。Jack said he was lea

35、ving tomorrow.练练悟悟杰克说他打算明天动身。小潴国新知单句语法填空1. Lily said there would be a concert that evening.2. She was sure she would succeed.3. I wanted to know when wc were going (go) to set off.4. I was just about (o go (go) to bed when he came to see me.5. He was a little taken aback when I told him I was leavin

36、g (leave).6. 一The plane is leaving right now but Jim hasnt arrived yet.Well, he said he would be here on time.7. Jeffery said he would come to the get-together the next day.to play (play) in the literary world.温馨说明：课后请完成高效作业23)8. The novel written by the author sells best, but five years ago no one could have imagined how great a role he was