中考英语语法知识点归纳:形容词副词.docx
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1、中考英语语法知识点归纳:形容词副词中考英语语法精讲例析形容词副词 中考英语语法精讲例析形容词副词 (一)学问概要? 形容词的用法很活跃,在英语中用处也许多,但英语中修饰可数名词和不行数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同,要特殊加以留意。下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳如下:many,no,several,some,afew,alot,lots,plenty,plentyof,alotof,alargenumberof,enough。而修饰不行数名词的词或词组如下:much,no,some,alot,agreatdeal,lots,plenty,alotof,plentyof。?其中
2、some,no,alotof,plentyof既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不行数名词。?英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分,其规则如下:? 构词法原级比较级最高级加er,或estTall youngtaller? younger tallest youngest 只加r或stnice? large nicer larger nicest? largest 重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写该字母加er、estbig? fat? hot bigger fatter hotter biggest? fattest hottest 不规则改变的形容词或副词:? 原级比较级最高级 goodbe
3、tterbest Wellbetterbest badworseworst badlyworseworst manymoremost mostmoremost littlelesslest farfarther further farthest furthest oldolder? elder oldest? eldest 要留意的是很多形容词同时又是副词,如:back,all,alone,either,far,high,slow等。而有些形容词则要经过肯定改变才能转为副词,其规律如下:? 构词法形容词副词 一般加lyCareful kind carefully kindly 尾是y时将y变成
4、i加lyHappy busy easy Happily busily easily 其他true terrible full possible shy whole truly terribly fully possibly shyly wholly 在学习过程中要留意其改变。? 此外并不是全部副词都可以修饰比较级和最高级形容词。能修饰比较级的有:much,yet,far,still,agreatdeal,even和alittle.能修饰最高级的有:thevery,muchthe,far等。? (二)正误辨析? 误Theyounglikesplayingfootballverymuch.? 正T
5、heyounglikeplayingfootballverymuch.? 析定冠词加形容词表示一类人,应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数,如:Thebeautifulisnotalwayskindness.漂亮并不总代表和善。? 误Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstareover.? 正Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstisover.? 析意为:危急已经过去,最困难的状况已结束。用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时应看作单数形式。? 误Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.? 正Itisthegoldenageoftheyou
6、ng.? 析golden在英语中多用于比方,如:goldenhair金发,guldenvoice金嗓子。而gold多用于表达金质的,如:agoldbar金条,agoldcoin金币,但goldfish金鱼例外。 误Sheisawarmheartwoman.? 正Sheisawarm?heartedwoman.? 析英语形容词的构词法许多,其中之一是由形容词,或数词,加名词加ed构成,如:?warm?hoarted热心肠的,white?haired白毛的? 误Thereisanalivefishinthepool.? 正Thereisalivingfishinthepool.? 析在初中范围内所
7、学到的以a字母开头的形容词一般不能作定语,只能作表语。如:Thefishisalive.(鱼还活着)这样的形容词有:alive,alike,alone,asleep,afraid,awake等。? 误Theillmannearlydied.? 正Thesickmannearlydied.? 析ill一般不作定语来形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表语时则都可以。如:Heisillsick,ill作定语时则另有他意,如:illluck(厄运),illnature(天性恶劣),illtemper(心绪不好)? 误Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.? 正Ihaveso
8、methingimportanttotellyou.? 析不定代词something,anyone,somebody在用形容词修饰时,形容词应放其后。但要留意thing则不是不定代词,不符合上述规律。如:Ihaveanimportantthingtotellyou.? 误IllbefreeonnextSunday.? 正IllbefreenextSunday.? 析在表达将来时的时候:nextSunday,nextweek,nextyear或lastSundaylastweek,lastyear前都不加介词。? 误Thegirlistwo?yearold.? 正Thegirlistwoyear
9、sold.? 正Sheisatwo?year?oldgirl? 析由连字符连接若干名词、数词组成的形容词,在学习时要记住两点,其一是这些词中的名词都不要用复数形式,如:two?thousand?wordreport(两千字的报告);其二是这样构成的形容词只能作定语,即用于名词之前,而不能作表语。? 误TheforeignerslikethoselittlebeautifulChinesepaintings.? 正TheforeignerslikethosebeautifullittleChinesepaintings.? 析在名词前若有几个形容词作修饰语时,其依次如下。? 1.指示代词,定冠词
10、2.数量词3.性质词4.大小?5.形态6.老少,新旧7.颜色8.材料? 但要留意的是英语的习惯是一个名词前的形容词一般不要多于三个。? 如:Whataprettylittlewhitehorse!? ThosefirstfewshortEnglishstorieswerenotdifficulttounderstand.? 误ThebestwaytolearnEnglishgoodistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday. 正ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday. 析good是形容词,这里是
11、修饰动词speak的,所以应用副词well,但well作形容词讲时只作身体好。如:Heiswell.(他身体很好)。Heisgood.(他是个好人)。? 误Thechildrenplayonthegrassnappyly.? 正Thechildrenplayonthegrasshappily? 析多音节y结尾的形容词变为副词时应将y变为i再加ly.? 误Theteacherlookedangryatthestudents.? 正Theteacherlookedangrilyatthestudents.? 析英语中感观动词后面要接形容词,这时它是修饰主语的,如:Thefoodsmellsgood
12、.食物闻起来很香。Theteacherlookedangry老师看起来很生气。?而此句的意思为:老师生气地看着学生,所以应用副词形式。? 误Heworkedwithmefriendly.? 正Hewasfriendlytome.? 析不是全部结尾是ly的词都是副词,但friendly是形容词,这样的词还有lovely,lonely,costly,livelymonthlyweekly。但其中有些词既是副词,又是形容词,如:early,hourly,monthly? 误Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofyourfriends.? 正Youcanspeakfreelyinfronto
13、fyourfriends.? 析free作为形容词意为自由的,有空闲的,免费的。作为副词讲则是免费之意。而freely作为副词则是自由的,随意的。这些要留意的词还有:?hard努力,艰苦hardly几乎不late迟,晚?lately最近的,最新的near近nearly几乎?like像likely几乎? 误Theymusthavearrivedtillnow.? 正Theymusthavearrivedbynow.? 析bynow是用于表达到目前为止某一动作已经发生,所以应用瞬间动词。而tillnow是强调某一动作始终持续到现在,所以肯定要用持续性动词。?musthave+过去分词是对过去某一事
14、情所作的确定推想。? 误Someonecalledyourightnow.? 正Someonecalledyoujustnow.? 析justnow有两个意思,其一是刚才,其二是现在,而rightnow只能用于现在的状态。just则用于完成时态,如:Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.? 误MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericaatpresent.? 正MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericapresently.? 析presently有两个意思:其一是最近,不久,其二在美语中是现在之意,与atpresent相同。而forthepres
15、ent为短暂,如:IteachEnglishintheschoolforthepresent. 误Illbebackatthemoment.? 正Illbebackinamoment.? 析atthemoment其意为现在,当时,而inamoment意为立刻过一会,与inaminute意思相近。? 误ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereintime.? 正ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereontime.? 析ontime为准时,而intime有两个含意。其一是刚好,如:Thedoctorarrivedintime。其二是将来,终
16、究。? 误Imetanoldfriendsometimeslastmonth.? 正Imetanoldfriendsometimelastmonth.? 析Sometime过去,或者将来某时。?Sometimes有时? 如:SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.?Sometime一些时间? 如:Ineedsometimetodomyhomework.?Sometimes几次? 如:IwenttoShanghaisometimesthismonth.? attimes有时,间或? atalltimes常常? someothertime改天? 误Ihadmetanoldfriendt
17、hreedaysago.? 正Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysbefore.? 正Imetanoldfriendthreedaysago.? *ago用在时间状语中时,主句中谓语动词一般用过去时,而before用于时间状语时则主句的谓语动词宜用完成时态。? 误Hestudiedveryhard.andattheendhepassedtheexam.? 正Hestudiedveryhard,andintheendhepassedtheexam.? 析intheendatlast意为最终,最终,表达经过若干努力而达到的结果。而attheend是在某事的结束时如何如何,如:At
18、theendofclass,theteachergaveussomestorybooks。? 误Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueachthreedays.? 正Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueverythreedays.? 析everythreedays为每三天,即每隔二天,而everyotherday为每隔一天。 误Hedidntgotothecinemayesterday.andIdidntgo,too.? 正HedidntgotothecinemayesterdayandIdidntgoeither.? 析英语中表示也,有4个字,also,aswell,too
19、,either,但either用于否定句中,而前3个用于确定句中。在确定句中too与aswell一般要用在句尾,而also则可用于句中。如:Shewenttothepartyandherboyfriendwenttheretoo.又如:Ivealsoreadherothernovels.? 误Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.? 正Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.? 析anyway为不管怎么讲,无论如何,如:Whataterribleaccident,anywaynoonewashurt.? anyway为任何方式。这种常见的错误还
20、发生在以下几组词中,如:? everyday日常的everyday每天? faraway遥远的faraway远离? altogether总计alltogether一块,大家一起? already已经allready全打算好了? 误Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.? 正Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.? 析anytime是副词而anytime中的time是名词。? 误Shesaidnearlynothing.? 正Shesaidalmostnothing.? 析nearly与almost的含意相近,在许多场合可以互换,但在否定词前用
21、almost。 误Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourhomework.? 正Therearetoomanymistakesinyourhomework.? 析toomuch后接不行数名词,如:Thereistoomuchwaterfortheflowers.而toomany后加可数名词,muchtoo后面加形容词,如:ItismuchtoodifficulttolearnEnglishwell.? 误Itislateenoughthatwecangohomenow.? 正Itislateenoughforustogohomenow.? 析要留意的是enough后面一般不
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